Aelst

See Alost. Aelst (älst), Willem van. Born at Delft, Netherlands, 1620: died at Amsterdam, 1679. A Dutch painter of flowers and fruit. Emilia (e-mil'i-ä). [Fem. of Æmilius .] 1. In the fourth book of Spenser's "Faerie Queene," a lovely lady "rapt by greedie lust" into the power of a cannibal giant who held Amoret also captive. She was saved by Belphœbe. - 2. In Shakspere's "Comedy of Errors," the wife of Ægeon, acting as the abbe of Ephesus. Æmilius, Paulus (Paolo Emilio). Born at Verona, Italy: died at Paris, May May 5, 1529. An Italian historian, summoned to France in the reign of Charles VIII. to write a French history, "De rebus gest is Francorum." Æmilius Paulus. See Paulus . Æneas (e-ne'as). [Gr. Αινείας .] In cla ical legend, a Trojan prince, son of Anchises, king of Dardanus, and Aphrodite. The traditions about him vary. According to Homer, being robbed of his cat- tle by Achilles, he took sides, with his Dardanians, against the Greeks, played an important part in the war, and after the sack of Troy, and the extinction of the house of Priam, reigned (as did also his descendants) in the Troad. In post-Homeric traditions he is sometimes represented as absent from the sack of Troy, sometimes as seeking refuge, on the admonition of Aphrodite, in Mount Ida, and carry- ing his father thither on his shoulders (with other varia- tions), and as settling in the peninsula of Pallene, or in the Arcadian Orc home nos. Most of the traditions, how- ever, represent him as landing in Italy, and becoming the ancestral hero of the Romans. See Æneid . Æneas Sylvius. See Pius II . Æneid (e-ne'id), or Æneis (-is). An epic poem, in twelve books, by Vergil, recounting the ad- ventures of Æneas after the fall of Troy, founded on the Roman tradition that Æneas settled in Latium and became the ancestral hero of the Roman people. The hero, driven by a storm on the coast of Africa, is hospitably received by Dido, queen of Carthage, to whom he relates the fall of Troy and his wan- derings. An attachment between them is broken by the departure of Æneas, in obedience to the will of the gods, and the suicide of Dido follows. After a visit to Sicily, Æneas lands at Cumæ in Italy. In a descent to the in- fernal regions he sees his father, Anchises, and has a pro- phetic vision of the glorious destiny of his race as well as of the future heroes of Rome. He marries Lavinia, daugh- ter of Latin us, king of the Latini, and a contest with Tur- nus, king of the Rutuli, the rejected suitor, follows, in which Turnus is slain. The poem is a glorification of Rome and of the emperor August us, who, as a member of the Julian gens, traced his descent from Julus (sometimes identified with As can i us), the grandson of Æneas. The poem was completed, but not finally corrected, at the death of the author in 19 B. 0. Ænesidemus (en-e-si-de'mus). [Gr. Aiνησίδη μος.] A celebrated Greek skeptical philosopher of Cno us (or Æge) in Crete, a younger contemporary of Cicero. Æolia (e-ō'li-ä). See Æolis . Æolian Islands (ē-ō'li-an i'landz). The an- cient name of the Lipari Islands Eolians (ē-ō'li-anz). The Æoles or Æolii, one of the four great divisions of the Greek race. They occupied from an early period a large part of north- ern Greece and the western part of Peloponnesus, and also migrated to Asia Minor, settling in the region named for them Æolis, and in Lesbos. Æolis (ē'ō-lis), or Æolia (e-ō'li-ä). [Gr. Αἰολίς, Αιολία.] In ancient geography, originally the western coast of Asia Minor between the river Hermus and Lectum. Later it extended along Troas. Æolus (ē'ō-lus). [Gr. Αίολος.] 1. In Greek my thology, the god of the winds, which he con- fined in a cavern.-2. The son of Hellen, and the eponymic founder of the Æolian race. Æpin us (ā-pē'nös) (Franz Maria Ulrich Theo- dor Hoch). [G. Hoch , high; Gr. αἰπύς , high, steep, whence Epinus .] Born at Rostock, Ger- many, 1724: died at Dorpat, 1802. A German- Ru ian physicist, author of "Tentamen theo- riæ electric it at is et magnetism i" (1759), etc. Æpin us, Johann (originally Hoch). Born at Ziesar, Pru ia, 1499: died at Hamburg, May 13, 1553. A German Protestant theologian, an opponent of Me lanch thon, and author of a work "De Purgatorio.” Æqui (ē'kwi). In ancient geography, a tribe living in Latium, east of Rome and north of the Hernici, often allied with the Volscians and at war with the Romans. They were finally sub- dued about 300 в. с. Aërians (a-ē'ri-anz). A reforming, Arian, sect of the 4th century: so called from their leader Aërius. They maintained that a presbyter or elder does not differ from a bishop in authority, repudiated prayers for the dead, and rejected church fasts. This sect was the forerunner of modern Presbyterianism. Emilia gens (e-mil'i-äjenz). One of the most ancient patrician houses at Rome, probably of Sabine origin, which regarded as its ancestor Mamercus, called Æmilius on account of his persuasive language, who was variously repre- sented as the son of Pythagoras, or of Numa, Denmark, in the Little Belt, south of Fü- or as the descendant of As can i us. The first nen. Length, 15 miles. Area, 33 square miles. member of the gens who obtained the consulship was L. Population, about 11,000. Its chief town is Emilius Mamercus (in 484 B. C.). Its family names are Aerius (a-ē'ri-us). A presbyter of Sebastia, in Pontus, Asia Minor, who lived in the middle of the 4th century A. D., and was the founder of the Aërians. Ærö (ā'rė), or Arröe (är'ré-e). An island of Barbula, Bumerepidin Maercus of Mamercinus, Papus, Paulus, Regillus, and Scaurus. Emilius (e-mil'i-us). [A Roman name said to be from Gr. αἱμύλιος, flattering. See Æmilia gems.] In Shakspere's (?) "Titus Andronicus," a noble Roman. Æröeskjöbing. Aerschot, or Arschot (är's kot). A town in the province of Brabant, Belgium, on the Demer about 23 miles northeast of Bru els. Population (1890), 6,234. Æstii dam about 1520: died 1573. A Dutch historical painter. Among his works is a Crucifixion, in Antwerp. Antwerp. Escanes (es'ka-nēz). A character in Shakspere's "Pericles": a lord of Tyre. Æschines (eski-nēz). [Gr. Αἰσχίνης .] An A then i an philosopher, a contemporary and disciple of So crates. The three extant dialogues ascribed to him are spurious. Æschines. Born 389 в. с.: died in Samos 314 B. C. A famous A then i an orator, the political antagonist of Demosthenes, son of Atrometus (Tromes), of the deme of the Cothocidæ, and Glaucothea. He served in the campaigns at Nemea in 368, at Mantineia in 362, and at Tamynæ in 349; was a tragic actor and a clerk to the a embly before he appeared about 348 as a public speaker; was twice an envoy to Philip of Macedon, 3463; was twice accused (once (343) by Demosthenes) of having accepted bribes from the king, but saved himself; and was defeated (330) in a trial which he brought against Ctesiphon for having proposed that Demosthenes should be rewarded for his public services with a golden crown, and, as a consequence, went into exile. He finally settled in Rhodes, where he is said to have established a school of eloquence. His extant orations are "Against Timarchus" (345), "On the Emba y" (343), and "Against Ctesiphon" (330). Eschines the Orator. A Greek statue from Herculaneum, in the Museo Nazionale, Naples, of high rank among works of its cla . The orator stands quietly, his arın wrapped in his mantle; the expre ion is preoccupied, but full of dignity. Æschylus (es'ki-lus). [Gr. Αἰσχύλος.] Born at Eleusis, Attica, in 525 B. c.: died at Gela, Sicily, in 456 B. c. The greatest of the Greek tragic poets. He was the son of a certain Euphorion, and fought in the great battles of the Persian war, being wounded, it is said, at Marathon in 490 B. c. In 485 в. с. he gained his first tragic victory: in all he gained thirteen. In 468 he was defeated by Sophocles. In the same year he quitted Athens, according to Plutarch, in mortification at his defeat, and went to the court of Hiero at Syracuse, at whose invitation he had already once before visited Sicily and written a local piece called the "Ætnæans." Eschylus was the father of the Greek tragic drama seen there remain 72 titles, over 60 of which genuine, but only 7 are extant: the "Supplices," the "Persæ," the "Seven against Thebes," the "Pro me the us Vinctus," and the Orestean trilogy, consisting of the "Agamemnon," "Cho ephori," and "Eumenides. Esculapius (es-kū-lā'pi-us), or Asklepios (asklē'pi-os). [Gr. Ἀσκληπιός .] In Greek mythology, the god of medicine, son of Apollo and Coronis. He was killed with a thunderbolt by Zeus, because Pluto complained that Hades was being depopulated. At the request of Apollo, he was, after death, placed among the stars. He is commonly represented as an old man with a beard, his usual attribute being a staff with a serpent coiled around it. The common offering to him was a cock. Aeshma Daeva (ä-esh'mä dä-ävä). The demon of anger in Avestan mythology, identified with the As mode us of the Book of Tobit. Æsir (a's ir). The collective name for the gods of Scand in avian mythology. There were 12 gods and 26 godde es, dwellers in Asgard. Æson (e's on). [Gr. Αἴσων .] In Greek legend, the father of Jason, and stepbrother of Pelias, who excluded him from his share of the kingdom of The aly. When Pelias, on the reported re turn of the Argonauts, attempted to kill him, he committed suicide. According to Ovid, he was rejuvenated by Medea after the return of the Argonauts. Æsop , or Esop (ē'sop). [Gr. Αίσωπος , L. Æsop us .] 1. According to tradition, a Greek fabulist of the 6th century B. c., represented as a dwarf and originally a slave. Samos and other places claimed the honor of being his birthplace. After obtaining his freedom he visited Lydia and Greece. Of the so-called fables of Æsop there have been several editions; but they are all spurious. Indeed, he is probably not a historical personage. "Some of the fables attributed to him are drawn from Egyptian sources older by eight hundred years than the famous dwarf who is supposed to have invented them. The fable of 'The Lion and the Mouse' was discovered by Dr. Brugsch in an Egyptian papyrus a few years ago. The Dispute of the Stomach and the Mem has yet more recently been identified by Pro fe or Maspero with an ancient Egyptian original." ( Edwards , Pharaohs, Fellahs, etc., p. 223.) He was represented in later art as deformed, "perhaps to indicate his nearer approach to the lower animals and his peculiar sympathy for their habits. Such is the conception of the famous statue now in the Villa Albani at Rome." 2. A Greek historian of the 7th or 8th century A. D., author of a life of Alexander the Great. Æsop, Clodius. A Roman tragic actor, a contemporary and intimate friend of Cicero, regarded by Horace and others as the equal of the great actor Roscius. Æstii (es'ti-i). See the extract. North of the Slavs, and intimately connected with them, the Pru o-Lettish branch of languages was situated; these tribes are first mentioned as the Estii of Taci tus (c. 45) on the amber coast, then as the Galindæ and Sudini of Ptolemy, the neighbours of the Venedæ. Müllenhoff makes it probable that "the stock collectively vaal Colony, etc.), the German po e ions in west Africa fication. It should, however, be remembered that the two do not cover each other exactly either within a family or Æstii district of the Pripet was once its natural boundary to the south, and the original basis of its diffusion." Schrader , Aryan Peoples (tr. by Jevons), p. 428. Æthelbald (ath'el-bâld), or Ethelbald (eth'elbâld). Died 757. King of the Mercians from 716 (718?) to 757, son of Alweo, grandnephew of Penda, and succe or of Ceolred. He was acknow took the West-Saxon town of Somerton, 733; ravaged ledged overlord of the English as far as the Humber, Nor thumb ria, 740; was defeated by his West-Saxon underking, Cuthred, at the battle of Burford, 754; and was killed by his ealdormen, 757. Æthelbald, or Ethelbald. King of the West Saxons 858-860, son of Æthelwulf. He married his father's widow, Judith of France, who on his death re turned to France and married Baldwin, afterward count of Flanders. From this last union was descended Matilda, wife of William the Conqueror. Æthelberht (ath'el-berat), or Ethelbert (eth' el-bért), Saint. Born 552 (?): died Feb. 24, 616. King of Kent from 560 to 616, son of Eormenric, and great-grandson of Hengist. He was defeated by the West Saxons under Ceawlin and Cutha at the battle of Wimbled on, 568; married Bertha or Bercia, a Christian prince , daughter of Charibert, king of the Franks; gradually established his overlordship the English south of the Humber after the death of Ceawlin, 593; received St. Augustine at the Isle of Thanet, 597; and was converted and vigorously supported Augus. tine. He i ued the first of the Anglo-Saxon codes, 600: Æthelberht, or Ethelbert. King of the West Saxons 860-866, son of Æthelwulf. IMG:content-0027.png:[blocks in formation] mœans. sition both to Homoousians and Homoiousians the name Anomœans). He was put to death by the emperor. medicine. comic poet, an imitator of Menander, living about 100 в. C. Fragments of his works are ished about 500 A. D. A Greek writer, author of a medical work in sixteen books (Latin extant. translation 1542). Though e entially a compilation, it is one of the most valuable books of antiquity on Afranius Nepos, Lucius. A Roman general, Ætna (et'nä). A Latin didactic poem err one was opposed to Cæsar in Spain 49 B. c., and died in Africa ously attributed to Vergil. It combats the 46 B. C. popular mythical theory of the causes of vol- Afrasiab (ä-frä-si-äb'). In the Shahnamah, canic action. Etna, Mount. See Etna . Ætolia (e-tō'li-ä), or Aitolia (i-tō'li-ä). [Gr. Αἰτωλία.] In ancient geography, a district of Greece, bounded by Epirus and The aly on the north, Doris on the northeast, Locris on the Æthelburh (ath'el-börí), L. Ethelburga (eth-east and southeast, the Corinthian Gulf on el-bėr'gä), Saint. Died 676 (?). Abbe of Barking, E ex. She is commemorated on Oct. 11. Æthelflæd (ath'el-flad), or Ethelfleda (eth'elfle-da). Died in 918 (?). The eldest daughter of King Alfred. She married Ethelred, ealdorman of the Mercians. During his life they had equal rule, and after his death, in 911 or 912, she was sole ruler. She is known as "the Lady of the Mercians." Æthelfrith (ath'el-frith), or Ethelfrid (eth'el-frid), or Ædilfrid. Died 617. King of the Northumbrians from 593 to 617, son of Æthelric, whom he succeeded. He defeated Aidan (Edhan) at the battle of Dægsastan (probably Dawstone), 603; defeated the Welsh at the battle of Chester, 613, ma acring about twelve hundred of the two you sand monks from Bangor Yscoed, who were praying for the succe the Welsh; and was defeated and killed by Rædwald at the battle of the Idle, 617. of Æthelred (ath'el-rad), or Ethelred (eth'elred), or Ethered (eth'e-red), I. King of the West Saxons from 866 to 871, son of Æthelwulf. Æthelred, or Ethelred, II. Born 968: died at London, April 23, 1016. King of England, surnamed "The Unready" ('lacking counsel'), son of Edgar and Elfrida. He succeeded to the throne 979, instituted the payment of "danegeld" 991, ordered a general ma acre of the Danes 1002, was deposed 1013, and was restored 1014. Æthelstan. See Athelstan . Æthelwulf (ath'el-wulf), or Ethelwulf (eth'el-wulf), or Athulf. Died Jan. 13 (June 13?), 858. An Anglo-Saxon king, son of Eegberht (king of We ex, ruler of Su ex, Kent, and E ex, and overlord of Mercia, East Anglia, Nor thumb ria, Wales, and Strathclyde), whom he succeeded in 839. In 842 he was defeated by the Danes at Char mouth, but in 851 repulsed them with great slaughter at Ockley in Surrey. In 856 he married a second wife, Judith, the daughter of Charles the Bald. The West Saxons revolted under his son Æthelbald to whom he surrendered the government of We ex, retaining only his overlordship. Æther (e'ther). [Gr. Αἰθήρ .] In Greek mythology, the son of Chaos and Darkne , and the brother of Night, Day, and Erebus; or, according to Hesiod, the son of Erebus and Night, and the brother of Day. By Day he was the father of Land, Heaven, and Sea; by Earth, of the Giants and Titans and the vices which destroy the human race. Ac cording to the Orphic hymns, he is the soul of the world from which all life springs. In later times he was regarded as the broad expanse of heaven, the abode of the gods. Æthiopia. See Ethiopia . Æthiopica. See The a genes and Chariclea . Æthiopis (e-thi'ō-pis), or Lay of Æthiopia. A Greek epic poem of the Trojan cycle, by Arctinus of Miletus, the oldest certainly known epic poet (about 776 B.C.): so named from one of its heroes, Memnon the Æthiopian. It was a continuation of the Iliad, reaching "from the death of Hector to that of Achilles, and telling of the arrival of the Amazons and the Ethiopians to aid Troy." Aëtians. See Aëtius and Anomœans . Aëtion (ā-ē'shi-on). [Gr. Αετίων .] A noted Greek painter, probably a contemporary of Apelles. His picture of the "Marriage of Alexander and Roxana" was famous in antiquity. Aëtius (a-ē'shi-us), or Aetios (-os). [Gr. Ἀέτιος .] Born at Antioch, in Cœle-Syria: died at Constantinople, 367 A. D. A Syrian theologian, sur the south, and A carn an i a on the west. It now forms part of the nomarchy of A carn an i a and Ætolia. Ætolian League (e-to'li-an lēg). A confederacy of Greek tribes whose constitution was copied from that of the Achæan League. It waged war against Macedon 323 B. C., against the Gauls 279, and against the Achæan League 220, and was allied with Rome 211-192. It was di olved in 167 B. C. Afanasieff (ä-fä-nä'si-ef), Aleksandr. Born 1826: died 1871. A Ru ian archæologist, author of "Ru ian Popular Stories," "Poetical Views of the Old Slavonians about Nature," etc. Afar and Afar country. See Danakil and Danakil country . Afer (a'fer), Domitius. Born at Nîmes, France: died 60 A. D. A Roman orator, a teacher of Quintilian. In A. D. 26 he conducted the accusation for the government against Claudia Pulchra, the cousin of A grip pin a, and in A. D. 27 appeared against Varus