musclel (musl)

[Early mod. E. also muskle; F. muscle=Pr.muscle, moscle = Sp.músculo =Pg. musculo = It. muscolo = D. G. Sw. Dan. muskel, a muscle, IMG:content-1115.png:[blocks in formation] muscle 2. A certain portion of muscle or muscular ti ue, having definite position and relation with surrounding parts, and usually fixed at one or both ends. Any one of the separate ma es or bundles of muscular fibers constitutes a muscle, which as a whole and in its subdivisions is enveloped in fascial connective ti ue and usually attached to the part to be moved by means of a tendon or sinew. Muscles are for the most part attached to bones, with the periosteum of which their tendons are directly continuous. The most extensive or most fixed attachment of a muscle is usually called its origin; the opposite end is its insertion. Individual muscles not only change their shape during contraction, but are of endle ly varied shapes when at rest, indicated by descriptive terms, as con besides each has ical, fusiform, penniform, digastric, del. its specific name. Such names are given from the attachments of the muscle, as sternoclidomastoid, omohyoid; or from function, as flexor, extensor; or from position, as pectoral, gluteal; or shape, as deltoid, trapezoid; or from some other quality or attribute, in an arbitrary manner. Circular muscles are those whose fibers return upon themselves; they constitute sphincters, as of the mouth, eyelids, and anus. The swelling part of a muscle is called its belly; when there two such, separated by an intervening tendon, the muscle is double - bellied or digastric. Muscles whose fibers are set obliquely upon an axial tendon are penniform or bipenni form. Muscles whose fibers are all parallel are called simple or rectilinear; those those fibers intersectorsch S Aponeurotic or Fascial Investment of Muscles of Right Arm. 1, palmar fasiceps, deltoid d, nat or long us. which act in opposition to one another are termed anta go nistic; those which concur in the same action are termed IMG:content-1116.png:[graphic][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed] IMG:content-1117.jpg:[ocr errors] IMG:content-1118.jpg:[ocr errors] IMG:content-1119.jpg:[ocr errors][subsumed][subsumed] Muscles of Human Head, Face, and Neck. a, anterior, and b, posterior belly of occipitofrontalis, extending over the scalp; c, sternoclidomastoid; d, trapezius (a small part of it); e, attollens aurem; f, attrahens aurem; g, retrahens aurem; h, orbicularis palpebra rum; 1, corrugator supercilii; 1, orbicularis or is; &, four sinall muscles of the nostril (the line marks the anterior dilatator naris, behind which is the posterior dilatator; the compre or narium is next to the tip of the nose, and the depre or alæ nas i is directly below the posterior dilatator); 1, levator labii superior is alæque nas i; m, levator labii superior is, beneath which lies, unmarked, levator anguli or is; n, zygomatic us minor; o, zygomatic us major;, superficial, and g, deep parts of the ma eter; 7, risorius, beneath which lies the buccinator, un unmarked, little shown; s, depre or anguli or is; 1, levator ment i; u, depre or labii inferior is; v, ante and posterior belly of digastric us; mylohyoid; y, stylo hyoid, hyoglo us; aa, thyrohyoid; ad, sternohyoid; ac, anterior, and ad, posterior belly of omohyoid; as, a small part of inferior con strict or of the pharynx, just above which a small part of the middle constrictor appears; ag, scalenus medius; ah, scalenus antic us; ai, scalenus posticus; aj, levator anguli scapulæ; ak, splenius capitis. (The platysma, which covers much of the neck and the lower part of the face, has been removed.) in length and dilating in breadth on the application of a proper stimulus, as the impulse of a motor nerve, or a shock of electricity; flesh; "lean meat." By such change of form, the muscles become the immediate means of motion of the different parts of the body, and of locomotion of the body as a whole. 4 IMG:content-1120.png:[graphic] IMG:content-1121.jpg:[ocr errors] Principal Muscles of the Human Body. A. 1, 1, occipitofrontalis; 2, temporal is; 3, orbicularis palpebra rum; 4, ma eter; 5, sternoclidomastoid; 6, trapezius; 7, platysma myoides; 8, deltoid; 9, biceps; ro, brachial is antic us; 11, triceps; 12, supinator; 13, 14, extensors of thumb and fingers; 15, pectoral is major; 16, lat is sim us dors i; 17, serratus magnus; magnus; 18, obliquus extern us abdominis; 19, rectus abdominis; 20, glutæus medius; 21, glutæus maximus; 22, tensor vag inæ femoris; 23, vast us extern us; 24, biceps femoris or biceps flexor cruris; 25, 25, inner and outer heads of gastrocnemius; 26, tibial is antic us; 27, extensor long us digitorum; 28, 28, tibial is posticus; 29, peroneus long us; 30, peroneus brevis; 31, peroneus tertius; 32, muscles of little toe, opposite insertion of peroneus tertius; 33, tendon of extensor proprius hallucis; 34, flexor long us digitorum; 35, ten do A chillis. B. 1, deltoid; 2, insertion of pectoral is major; 3, cor a cob rachial is; 4, biceps; 5, brachial is antic us; 6, a small part of triceps; 7, pronator radii teres; 8, supinator long us; 9, flexor carpi radial is; 10, palmar is long us, expanding below into the palmar fascia; x, flexor sublimis digitorum; 12, flexor carpi ulnar is; 13, flexor brevis pollicis; 14, adductor pollicis; 15, abductor minim i digit i. C. 1, border of glutæus medius; 2, tensor vag inæ femoris; 3, iliacus and psoas magnus; 4, pectineus; 5, adductor long us; 6, 6, 6, sartorius; 7, gracilis; 8, rectus femoris; 9, vast us extern us; 10, vast us intern us; II, insertion of biceps femoris; 12, ligament of patella, or common tendon of insertion of 8, 9, 10; 13, tibial is antic us; 14, extensor long us digitorum; 15, peroneus long us; 16, inner head of gastrocnemius; 17, inner part of soleus; 18, peroneus brevis. The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: The Century dictionary muscle congenerous. Muscles subject to the will are voluntary; their fibers are striped, and they compose the great bulk of the muscular system. Involuntary muscles are not subject to the will; they are generally unstriped, though the heart is an exception to this. Hollow organs whose walls are notably muscular, as the heart, intestine, bladder, and womb, are called hollow muscles. Striped or voluntary muscle is sometimes called muscle of animal life, as dist in guished from unstriped involuntary muscle of organic life. 3. A part, organ, or ti ue, of whatever histological character, which has the property of contractility, and is thus capable of motion in itself.-4. Figuratively, muscular strength; brawn: as, a man of muscle. - Active insufficiency of a muscle. See insuficiency. - Alary muscles, in insects, delicate fan-shaped muscles in the upper pan part below the dorsal ve el or heart: collectively they have been called the pericardial septum. Their function appears to be to promote the circulation of the blood by altering the size of the pericardial cavity. - Amatorial See amatorial. - Appendicular muscles, muscles. those which belong to the appendicular skeleton; muscles of the limbs. Artificial muscle, an elastic band of caoutchouc worn to supply the place of or to supplement the action of some paralyzed or weakened muscle. - Axial muscles, those which belong to the axial skeleton; muscles of the trunk, including the head and tail. - Canine, ciliary, dermal, etc., muscle. See the adjectives.Grief-muscles, a name given by Darwin to the orbicularis palpebra rum, corrugator supercilii, pyramidal is nas i, and central anterior parts of the occipitofrontalis muscles, which draw the features into an expre ion of grief.Grinning-muscle, the levator anguli or is, one of the mus Grinning muscle, hilton's muscle. After the anatomist Hilton.] The lower ary epiglottic or inferior aryteno epiglottidean muscle, called by Hilton compre or sacculi laryngis.-Horner's muscle. [After the anatomist Hor the formers mustery small muscle the inner side of the orbit, inserted into the tarsal cartilages of the eyelids. - Hypaxial, hypo thenar, etc., muscles. See the adjectives. - Intercostal muscles, two sets of muscles, the external and the internal, their fibers cro ing each other obliquely, connecting the adjacent margins of the ribs throughout nearly their whole extent. They are concerned in the act of respiration. Ki ing-muscle, the orbicular muscle or sphincter of the mouth: technically called the orbicularis or is, oscular is, and basiator.- Müller's palpebral muscle. [After H. M. Muller.] A layer of smooth muscular fibers in either lid, inserted near the attached margin of the tarsus, and innervated through the cervical sympathetic. - Muscles of deglutition, of mastication, etc. See deglutition, mastication, etc. - Orbicular, pyramidal, quadrate, etc., muscles. See the adjectives.-Snarling-muscle, the levator labii superior is, as of the dog, which, when it acts, displays the teeth, as in snarling.-Sneering-muscle, the human levator labii superior is alæque nas i, which acts in the expre ion of sneering. (For other muscles, see their special names.)