algarrobilla (algarobila)

[S. Amer. Sp., dim. of Sp. algarroba: see above.] The astringent resinous husks and seeds of several leguminous trees or shrubs of South America, which are an article of commerce for their value in tanning and dyeing. In Brazil and tropical America they are the produce chiefly of Pithecolobium parvifolium (Inga Marthæ of some authors). In Chili and on the western coast they are obtained from Cæsalpinia ( Balsamo carpum ) brevifolia and Prosopis jul i flora. Also written algarovilla. algate, algates (al'gāt, al'gāts), adv. [ [Ob Algates he that hath with love to done, Hath ofter wo than changed ys the mone. Chaucer, Complaint of Mars, 1. 234. 2. In every respect; altogether; entirely. solete and north. Eng. provincial.] Una now he algates must foregoe. 3t. In any way; at all. Spenser , F. Q., II. i. 2. Fayrer then herselfe, if ought algate Might fayrer be. Spenser, F. Q., III. viii. 9. 4t. By all means; on any terms; at any rate. As yow lyst ye maken hertes digne; Algates hem that ye wole sette a fyre, Thei dreden shame and vices the i resigne. Chaucer, Troilus, iii. 24. And therefore would I should be algates slain; For while I live his life is in suspense. Algerine in ML. " lud us algebræ almucgrabalæque " (13th century), and in early mod. E. “ algiebar and almachabel " (Dee, Math. Præf., 6, A. D. 1570), and the second part in ML. almucabala, almaca bal a, algebra.] 1. Formal mathematics; the analysis of equations; the art of reasoning about relations, more especially quantitative relations, by the aid of a compact and highly systematized notation. In ordinary algebra the relations between quantities are expre ed by signs of equality, addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc. (=, +, -, x), or by the position of the quantities (as zy for xx y, and 2 for a to the y power), and the quantities themselves are denoted by letters. Quantities whose values are unknown or are a umed to be variable are denoted by the last letters of the alphabet, as x, y, z; known or constant quantities by a, b, c, etc.; and problems are solved by expre ing all the data in the form of equations, and then transforming these according to certain rules. The conceptions of negative and imaginary quantities (see neg a tive and imaginary ) are employed. The term higher alge bra usually means the theory of invariants. See invari ant. Multiple algebra, or n-way algebra, introduces the conception of units of different denominations, which can, however, be multiplied together. Each such system has a multiplication table characterizing it. 2. Any special system of notation adapted to the study of a special system of relationship: as, "it is an algebra upon an algebra, " Sylvester. -3. A treatise on algebra. IMG:content-0488.png:[graphic] Its abbreviation is alg . Boolian algebra, a logical algebra, invented by the English mathematician George Boole (1815-64), for the solution of problems in ordinary logic. It has also a connection with the theory of probabilities. - Logical algebra, an algebra which considers particularly non-quantitative relations.-Nilpotent algebra, an algebra in which every expre ion is nilpotent (which see). - Pure algebra, an algebra in which every unit is connected with every other by a definite relation.