Salons, except those of 1842-46

At the Salon of 1850-51 he exhibited "The Washerwomen of the River Oullins," "The Vintage," and other works, which created a sensa tion among artists and connoi eurs. He also painted "The Harvest" (1851-57), "The Lake of Gylieu (1852-53), "The Sluice of Optevoz" (1855), "The Graves of Villerville" (1859), "The Banks of the Oise" (1859), etc. July 15, 1859, he was made chevalier of the Legion of Honor. D'Aubu on. See Aubu on . Daudet (dō-dā'), Alphonse. Born at Nîmes, May 13, 1840. A French humorist and novelist. He went to school at Lyons, and then served a tutorship for two years. In 1857 he settled in Paris, and published shortly afterward a collection of poems, "Les a mou reuses." The "Figaro" published his account of a tutor's hardships, Les gueux de province." A series of papers contributed to the same journal came out in book form as "Le chaperon rouge" (1861). A second collection of poems, "La double conversion," was published in 1859. Daudet wrote his "Lettres sur Paris" to "Le Petit Moniteur' under the nom de plume of Jehan de l'Isle in 1865. His "Lettres de mon moulin," signed with the name Gast on Marie, were addre ed to "L'Evènement" in 1866. Daudet's publications include "Le petit chose" (1868), "Lettres à un absent" (1871), "Les aventures prod i gie uses de Tartar in de Tarascon" (1872), "Les petits Robin sons des caves"(1872), "Contes du lundi" (1873), "Contes et récits" (1873), "Robert Helmont" (1874), "Les femmes d'artistes" (1874), "Fromont jeune et Risler aîné” (1874), “Jack”(1876), "Le nabab" (1877), "Les rois en exil" (1879), "Contes choisis, la fantaisie et l'his to ire" (1879),, "Numa Roumestan"(1881), "Les cigognes" (1883), "L'Evangéliste" (1883), "Sapho" (1884), "Tartar in sur les Alpes" (1885), "La belle Nivernaise" (1886), "Trente ans de Paris" (1887). "L'Immortel" (1888), "Port Tarascon" (1890). Either una isted or in collaboration with others he has dramatized a number of his works, leaving to them their original title. In like manner he has brought out "La dern ière idole" (1862), "Les absents" (1863), "L'Œillet blanc" (1864), "Le frère aîné" (1868), "L'Arlésienne" (1872), "Lise Tavernier" (1872), and finally "La lutte pour la vie," based on his novel "L'Immortel." Daudet, Louis Marie Ernest. Born at Nîmes, France, May 31, 1837. A French journalist, historian, and novelist, brother of Alphonse Daudet. He wrote "His to ire des conspirations royal is tes du Midi," etc. (1881), "His to ire de la restauration" (1882), "His to ire de l'émigration" (1886-89), etc. Among his numerous novels are "Thérèse” (1859), "Fleur de péché" (1872), "Daniel de Kerfons" (1878), "Dolorès " (1879), "Défroqué" (1882), "Gisèle Rubens" (1887), etc. Daudin (do-dan'), François Marie. Born at Paris, March 25, 1774: died at Paris, 1804. A noted French naturalist, author of numerous works on the various branches of zoölogy. Daughter (da'ter), The. A play in verse by J. Sheridan Knowles, produced in 1836. Daughter of the Regiment, The. See Fille du Régiment. Daulatabad. See Dowl at a bad . Daulatshah (dou-lat-shä'). A Persian writer of the 15th century, author of the biography of the celebrated poets of Persia. Daulis (dalis). [Gr. Δαυλίς .] In ancient geography, a city of Phocis, Greece, situated 12 miles east of Delphi. It was the scene of the myth of Tereus, Philomela, and Procne. Daumas (do-mäs'), Melchior Joseph Eugène. Born Sept. 4, 1803: died near Bordeaux, France, May 6, 1871. A French general and diplomat, and writer on Algeria. He was consul in Algeria 1837-39, and was occupied with important administrative duties during the struggle with Abd-el-Kadir. He wrote "Le Sahara algérien," etc. (1845), "Les chevaux du Sahara et les mœurs du desert" (5th ed. 1858), etc. Daumer (dou'mer), Georg Fried rich. Born at Nuremberg, Bavaria, March 5, 1800: died at Würzburg, Bavaria, Dec. 13, 1875. A German poet and philosophical writer. Daumier (dō-myā'), Honoré. Born at Marseilles, Feb. 20, 1808: died Feb. 11, 1879. A French caricaturist. His father was a glazier who published a small volume of verses in 1823. In 1832 Honoré was condemned to six months' imprisonment for a lithograph disrespectful to Louis Philippe. He subsequently joined "Charivari," founded by Philip on. He became completely blind between 1850 and 1860. Daun (doun), Count Leopold Joseph Maria von. Born at Vienna, Sept. 24, 1705: died at Vienna, Feb. 5, 1766. A noted Austrian field marshal. He was distinguished in the Turkish war 1737-39, and in the Silesian wars 1741-42, 1744-45; defeated Frederick the Great at Kolin in 1757, and at Hochkirch in 1758; captured Fink's army at Maxen in 1759; and was defeated by Frederick at Torgau in 1760. Daunou (dō-nö'), Pierre Claude François. Born at Boulogne-sur-Mer, France, Aug. 18, 1761: IMG:content-0354.png:[blocks in formation] bat as legendary. His succe es and the praises accorded to him by the people aroused the suspicion and the jealousy of Saul (whose daughter Michal he married), which subsequently turned into deadly hatred, so that he was often in jeopardy of his life. He first sought refuge with Samuel, then with the priests in Nob, which resulted in son's comedy "Epicœne, or the Silent Woman," the lively and ingenious nephew of Morose. He concocts the plot by which a portion of his uncle's money is given to him and his debts are paid. See Epicæne . Dauphiné (do-fe-na'), E. Dauphiny (da'fi-ni). [ML. Delphin at us ; from dauphin , Pr. dalfin , a dolphin. The lords of the province bore three dolphins on their crest.] An ancient province of France, bounded by the Rhône on the west and north, by Savoy on the north, Piedmont on the east, Provence on the south, and Com tat Vena is sin on the southwest. Its territory formed the departments Isère, Drôme, and Hautes-Alpes. Its capital was Grenoble. Its surface is generally mountainous. In the middle ages it belonged to the kingdom of Arles. Later the counts of Vienne became prominent, and in 1349 it was sold to France, but guarded some of its liberties for many years. From it is derived the title of the dauphin. Daura (dou'rä). See Hausa . Daurat. See Dorat . Dauria (dä-ö'rē-ä), or Daur (dä-ör'). A region in Trans-Baikal, Siberia, situated southeast of Lake Baikal on the Chinese frontier. Davalos (dä'vä-lōs), Gil Ramirez. Born at Baeza, Castile, about 1505: died at Riobamba, near Quito, after 1561. A Spanish soldier. He went to Peru with the viceroy Mendoza in 1551, was cor regidor of Cuzco in 1553, and was expelled from the city by Giron and his followers. He took part in the campaign against Giron, and in 1556 was made justicia mayor of Quito, subdued the Cañaris Indians in 1557, and from 1558 to 1561 was governor of Quijós, or the Land of Cinnamon, on the river Napo. He founded there Baeza, Archidona, and other towns. atist. Davenant (dav'e-nant), Charles. Born 1656: died Nov. 6, 1714. An English writer on political economy, son of Sir William Davenant. Davenant, or D'Avenant, Sir William. Born at Oxford, England, Feb., 1606: died at London, April 7, 1668. An English poet and dramOldys is chiefly responsible for the story that Davenant was the son of Shakspere, which seems to rest mainly on the fact that the latter used the inn of John Davenant (the father of William) at Oxford on his journeys to and from War wicks hire. About 1620 Davenant became page to the Duche of Richmond, and then to Fulke Greville, Lord Brooke. In 1628, after the murder of Greville, he began to write plays, etc. In 1638 he was made poet laureate. About this time he had a severe illne which resulted in the lo of his nose, a fact frequently adverted to by the witty writers of the time. He was manager of Drury Lane Theatre for a time, but, becoming implicated in the various intrigues of the civil war, he fled to France. Returning in 1643, he was knighted at the siege of Gloucester. He was imprisoned for two years in the Tower for political offenses, and expected to be hanged. While there he published "Gondibert" (1651). This epic poem consisted of fifteen hundred four-line stanzas. After the Restoration he was in favor at court, and continued to write till his death. Among his plays are "Albovine," published in 1629, "The Cruel Brother" (1630), "The Just Italian" (1630), "The Wits" (1636), "The Unfortunate Lovers" (1643), "The Siege of Rhodes" (1656), "Love and Honor" (1649), "Law against Lovers" (played in 1662), "The Rivals" (played in 1664), etc. He produced alterations of "The Tempest" (with Dryden, 1667) and of "Масbeth" (printed 1674) and "Julius Cæsar." Davenport (dav'en-port). A city and the county-seat of Scott County, Iowa, situated on the Mi i ippi in lat. 41° 30′ N., long. 90° 38′ W., opposite Rock Island. It is an important distributing center. Population (1890), 26,872. Davenport, John. Born at Coventry, England, about 1598: died at Boston, Ma ., March 13, 1670. A Puritan clergyman who emigrated to Boston in 1637. He was one of the founders of the New Haven colony in 1638. Daventry (dav'en-tri; commonly dan'tri). A town in North amp tons hire, England, 12 miles west of North amp ton. Population (1891), 3,939. D'Avezac. See Avezac . David (dā'vid). [Heb., 'beloved one.'] The second king of Israel, 1033-993 в. с. (Duncker): born at Bethlehem. Youngest (seventh) son of Je e of the tribe of Judah. His pedigree is found in Ruth iv. His early youth was spent as shepherd of his father's flocks, where he had opportunity to develop his musical talent and to exercise his courage. After his disagreement with Saul, the prophet Samuel secretly anointed him king of Israel. He must then have been about eighteen years old. According to one account, he first came into contact with Saul when he was drawn to the court as a musician to drive away by his music the melancholy humor ("evil spirit") of the king, who then made him his armor-bearer; according to another (1 Sam. xvii.), Saul came to know him after he killed the giant Goliath and decided the battle between the Israeli tes and the Philistines. In 2 Sam. xxi. 19 it is stated that Goliath was killed by Elhanan; Jerome ( Quaest . Hebr . ad loc .) makes Elhanan the same as David, similarly to Sayce who a umes that Elhanan was David's first name. Well hausen, Stade, and others consider the whole account of this com safety with the enemics of his people, the Philistines. There rallied around him "men who were in distre , in debt, and discontented." At the head of these freebooters or outlaws he undertook many expeditions and fought many skirmishes, which made him increasingly popular with the people. All this time he was pursued by Saul, whose mind became more and more darkened: twice the king came into his power, but because of his awe of the opportunities (1 Sam. xxiv. 4 ff., xxvi. 7 ff.). He was compelled to become the va al of the Philistine king Achish of Gath, who gave him for his support Ziklag on the frontier of Philistia. From here he undertook expeditions against the nomadic tribes of the border, while Achish believed that they were directed against Israel (1 Sam. xxvii.). The Philistines gathered a large army against Israel. In the battle of Gilboa (which see) Saul and his host lost their lives. To David, who was then about thirty years old, the crown now fell. For seven and a half years his reign was limited to Judah, with his seat at Hebron, while the other tribes were under the scepter of Ishbosheth, son of Saul, residing in Mahanaim, east of the Jor dan. Ishbosheth, however, was murdered, and all the tribes recognized David as king: over the whole of Israel he reigned for thirty-three years. He removed his residence from Hebron to Jerusalem, which he took from the Jebusites, and there established himself in the "city of David, the oldest quarter of Jerusalem, on Mount Zion. Here also the temporary sanctuary was put up (2 Sam. vi.), which made the city the political and religious center of the nation, and gave to David's reign a genuine royal character. Through a series of succe ful wars against the Philistines, Ammonites, Moabites, Edomites, Syrians, A male kites, etc., and by the introduction of a regular administration and organization of court and army, he became the real founder of the monarchical government of Israel. The constitution of the tribes remained intact, but the military organization was a national one. Each tribe sent a contingent of men (over twenty years of age) to the national army, which stood under one commander-in-chief, Joab, David's nephew. The body-guard was formed, it seems, of foreigners, the Cherethites and Pelethites (supposed to be Philistines). The nucleus of the army consisted of the band of heroes ( gibborim ) who rallied about David while he was still an exile. The king presided over judicial cases, and was surrounded by a regular staff of military and administrative counselors and officers. David was also the actual founder of a sanctifying, divine worship, refining and enriching it by the influence of music and psalmody. The last period of his reign was much darkened by national misfortunes and domestic rebellions - the rebellion of his son Absalom, the uprising of Sheba ben Bishri, a drought and famine lasting three years, and a pestilence induced by the counting of the people. Even in his last days, when he was prostrated with the infirmities of age, his son Adonijah attempted to secure the succe ion to which David had appointed Solomon. This rebellion, however, like all the others, was succe fully repre ed, and David died peacefully at the age of seventy. He became the ideal king of Israel, the pattern and standard by which all succeeding rulers were measured, the prototype of the last perfect ruler, the Me iah, who is sometimes simply called David. As regards the Psalms, modern criticism denies him the authorship of many psalms bearing in the biblical Book of Psalms the superscription "of David." But there is no reason for entirely disconnecting David from this kind of Hebrew poetry. The probability is that not only did the psalm-poetry develop and flourish under his favor, but also that he himself composed many hymns. David, or Dewi, Saint. Died in 601. The patron saint of Wales. He was bishop of Menevia (afterward called St. David's), where he founded a monastery. According to an account which has no historical foundation, he was appointed metropolitan archbishop of Wales at a synod held at Brefi. He is commemorated as a saint on the 1st of March. "anointed of the Lord" he did not avail himself of these David. 1. A colo al statue by Michelangelo, in the Accademia, Florence. The youthful hero stands in a position of repose, holding his sling in his left hand and a pebble in the right. The form is still undeveloped and boyish, but full of 2. A statue by Donatello, in the Bargello, Florence. David stands resting, nude, with his shepherd's hat on his head, and his left foot resting on the He helmeted head of Goliath, whose sword he still holds. David. The name given to Charlemagne by Alcuin in the learned academy established at the former's court. See Flaccus . David I. Died at Car lisle, England, May 24, 1153. King of Scotland, son of Malcolm Can more. succeeded his brother Edgar as earl or prince of Cumbria in 1107, and ascended the throne of Scotland on the death of Alexander I. in 1124. He refused to recognize Stephen as king of England, and invaded that country in support of the claim of Mathilda who was his niece, but was signally defeated at the Battle of the Standard at Cutton Moor, near Northallerton, Aug. 22, 1138. David II. Born at Dun ferm line, Scotland, March 5, 1324: died at Edinburgh, Feb. 22, 1371. King of Scotland, son of Robert Bruce whom he succeeded in 1329 under the regency of the Earl of Moray. The incompetent Earl of Mar having succeeded to the regency on the death of Moray in 1332, the kingdom was invaded by Edward Baliol, who seized the throne with the a istance of Edward III. of England. David took refuge in France 1334-41, when he was restored by the succe es of his adherents Sir Alexander Murray of Both well, Robert the steward of Scotland, and Sir William the knight of Liddesdale. He invaded England in 1346, was defeated and captured at Neville's Cro , Oct. 17 of that year, and was detained in captivity until 1357. David David. A small town in the United States of Colombia, situated on the Isthmus of Panama, near the Pacific coast and the frontier of Costa Rica. David (da-ved'), Félicien César. Born at Cadenet, Vaucluse, France, April 13, 1810: died at St. Germain, near Paris, Aug. 29, 1876. A French composer. He early became a disciple of St. Simon and of Enfant in. In 1833 he went to the East. He remained in obscurity till 1844, when he brought out his chief work, a choral symphony, "Le désert." David (da'vēd), Ferdinand. Born at Hamburg, Jan. 19, 1810: died near Klosters, Grisons, Switzerland, July 18, 1873. A noted German violinist, teacher, and composer, leader of the band at the Gewandhaus, Leipsic, 1836-73. Among his pupils were Joachim and Wilhelmj. David (da-ved'), Jacques Louis. Born at Paris, Aug. 31, 1748: died at Bru els, Dec. 29, 1825. A historical painter, pupil of Boucher and Vien, and founder of the French cla ical school. He was educated at the Collège des Quatre Nations. In 1775 he won the grand prix de Rome after three unsucce ful attempts, and remained in Rome until 1780, when he returned to Paris, and was elected a ociate member of the Academy (full member in 1783). The first picture composed under the influence of his cla ical ideas was "Belisarius." He was made court painter to Louis XVI., and in 1784 painted for him the "Horatii.' He entered heartily into the Revolution; was a ociated with Robes pierre; and voted for the death of the king. After Robes pierre's downfall he was imprisoned for seven months. On his release he painted the "Rape of the Sabines." Napoleon made him court painter. David, Pierre Jean, called David d'Angers. Born at Angers, France, March 12, 1789: died at Paris, Jan. 5, 1856. A French sculptor. He executed works for the Pantheon (Paris). David, To us saint Bernard, or Émeric-David. Born at Aix, in Provence, Aug. 20, 1755: died at Paris, April 2, 1839. A noted French archæologist. He became "docteur en droit" at Aix in 1775, and went to Paris to complete his studies in jurisprudence. A prolonged visit to Italy developed a taste for the arts. He occupied himself with law, busine , and archæological studies until the Revolution, when he escaped death by flight (1793). After the 9th Thermidor he returned to Paris, and in 1800 won the first prize of the Institute with his e ay on the causes of the perfection of sculpture in antiquity. On April 11, 1816, he was elected member of the Institute. On Oct. 14, 1825, he was called to take part in the continuation of "L'His to ire littéraire de France." His principal works are "Recherche sur l'art statuaire, considéré chez les anciens et les modernes" (Memoirs of 1800), "Discours hist or i que sur la peinture moderne," "Discours hist or i que sur la gravure en bois," "Discours hist or i que sur la sculpture française," "His to ire de la peinture au moyen âge," etc. David Copper field (da'vid kop'er-feld). A novel by Charles Dickens. It came out in twenty monthly parts, the first of which appeared in May, 1849. It was Dickens's favorite work in it he portrayed in many important scenes his own history. The character from whom the book takes its name is a timid boy reduced to stupidity and finally to desperation by a cruel stepfather, Mr. Murdstone, by whom also his mother, a weak, affectionate woman, is crushed. He is sent at ten years of age to a warehouse in London, and employed in rough work at a trifling salary. Unable to bear this life, he runs away to his father's aunt, Mi Betsey Trotwood, an eccentric but kind-hearted woman, who adopts him. He becomes an author, and marries a childish, affectionate little woman, Dora Spenlow, whom he calls his "child wife." After her death he marries Agnes Wick field. Davideis (da-vid'ē-is). An epic poem by Cowley, on the subject of David, king of the Hebrews, published in 1656. vid Elginbrod. David Elginbrod. A novel by George Mac donald, published in 1863. David Garrick (gar'ik). A play translated by T. W. Robertson from a French play, "Sullivan," in 1864. Davids(da'vidz), Thomas William Rhys. Born at Col chester, England, May 12, 1843. An English lawyer and Orientalist. He studied at the University of Breslau; was appointed writer in the Ceylon civil service in 1866; was admitted to the bar in 1877; and became editor of the journal of the Pali Text Society and profe or of Pali and Buddhist literature in University College, London. Author of "On the Ancient Coins and Measures of Ceylon" (1874), "Buddhism: being a Sketch of the Life and Teachings of Gautama the Buddha" (1877), etc. Davidson, Harry. Born at Philadelphia, Pa., March 25, 1858. An American wood-engraver. Among his principal works are "Israel" (after Kenyon Cox), "Canterbury Cathedral" (Pennell), "The Golden Gate" (Chicago Exposition, after Castaigne), "An Old Mill" (Castaigne). land, 1807. An English biblical scholar, author of "Introduction to the New Testament" (18481851). Davout ologist. His works include "Monuments of the Mi i ippi Valley" (in "Smithsonian Contributions to Know ledge," 1848), etc. Davis, Garret. Born at Mount Stirling, Ky, Davidson, William. Born in Lancaster Coun- ty, Pa., 1746: killed at Cowan's Ford, Mecklen- Sept. 10, 1801: died at Paris, Ky., Sept. 22, An American politician, United States burg County, N. C., Feb. 1, 1781. An American brigadier-general in the Revolution. He was detached by General Greene to interrupt the pa age of Cornwall is acro the Catawba, Jan. 31, 1781, and fell in the engagement on the following day. Davies (da'viz), Charles. Born at Washington, Litchfield County, Conn., Jan. 22, 1798: died at Fishkill Landing, N. Y., Sept. 18, 1876. An American mathematician, author of a series of mathematical text-books. Profe or at Columbia College 1857–65. Davies, John. Born at Here ford, 1565 (1): died at London, 1618 (buried July 6). An English writing-master and poet. He was said to be a skilful penman, and some specimens of his work are preserved. Among his works are "Mirum in Modum," etc. (1602), "Microcosmos," etc. (1603), "The Wittes Pilgrimage" and "The Scourge of Folly" (1610 or 1611), "Wit's Bedlam" (1617). Davies, Sir John. Born at Tisbury, Wilts hire, 1569 (baptized April 16): died Dec. 8, 1626. An English poet. He was called to the bar in 1595, disbarred in 1598, and readmitted in 1601. In that year he was returned to Parliament for Corfe Castle. In 1603 he was made solicitor-general for Ireland, and in 1606 succeeded to the position of attorney-general for Ireland. In 1614 he was member of Parliament for Newcastle-under Lyme. For the last ten years of his life he was a sergeant at-law in England. He was made chief justice in 1626, but died before taking po e ion of the office. Among his works are "Orchestra" (on dancing, 1596), "Nosce Teipsum" (1599), "Hymns to Astræa" (1599), acrostics to Queen Elizabeth. Davies, Samuel. Born in New Castle County, Del.. N Nov. 3, 1724: died at Princeton, N. J., Feb. 4, 1761. An American Presbyterian clergyman, president of the College of New Jersey (Princeton) 1759-61. Davies, Thomas. Born about 1712: died at London, May 5, 1785. An English bookseller. He tried acting from time to time, but without succe . He introduced Boswell to Johnson in 1763: the latter was particularly kind to him. He republished a number of old authors, including William Browne, Sir John Davies, Lillo, and Mas singer. In 1785 he published his "Dramatic Miscellanies." Davie (da'vis), Joseph Hamilton. Born in Bedford County, Va., March 4, 1774: died near Tippecanoe, Ind., Nov. 8, 1811. An American lawyer, mortally wounded at the battle of Tip pecanoe, Nov. 7, 1811. Davila (dä'vē-lä), Enrico Caterino. Born near Padua, Italy, Oct. 30, 1576: killed near Verona, Italy, Aug. 8, 1631. An Italian soldier and historian. His ancestors, from 1464, bore the title of Constable of Cyprus; and from this island his father was driven when it was captured by the Turks. Davila, when seven years of age, was taken to France, became a page of Catharine de' Medici, and later fought in the civil wars until the peace of 1598. He was appointed governor of Crema in 1598, and on his way to that place in 1631 was a a inated by a man with whom he had had a dispute about post-horses. His chief work is "Storia delle guerre civil i di Francia" (1630). Davila y Padilla (dä'vē-lä ë pä-Thelyä), Agustin. Born at Mexico, 1562: died at Santo Domingo, 1604. A Mexican prelate and historian. He was prior of the Dominican convent at Puebla de los Angeles, and a celebrated lecturer on theology. From 1599 until his death he was bishop of Santo Domingo. His principal work, "Hist or i a de la provincia de Santiago de Mejico, is a history of his order in Mexico and Florida, with much of general interest. First published at Madrid 1596, it was republished at Valladolid 1634, with the title "Varia hist or i a de la Nueva Espana y Florida." Davin (dä-van'), Félix. A pseudonym used by Balzac in the introduction to the "Etudes philosophiques." Da Vinci, Leonardo. See Leonardo da Vinci . Davis (da'vis), Charles Henry. Born at Boston, Ma ., Jan. 16, 1807: died at Washington, D. C., Feb. 18, 1877. An American naval off i cer. He entered the navy in 1823, obtained the rank of commander in 1854, and served as chief of staff and captain of the fleet in the expedition under Dupont which captured Port Royal, South Carolina, in 1861. Having in the mean time been placed in command of the Mi i ippi gunboat flotilla, he gained a victory over a Confederate fleet off Fort Pillow, May 10, 1862, and another, June 6, 1862, before Memphis, whose surrender he received on the same day. He was promoted to the rank of rear-admiral Feb. 7, 1863. He wrote "The Coast Survey of the United States" (1849), and "Narrative of the North Polar