THE AXILLARY ARTERY AND ITS BRANCHES

- (AFTER HENLE.) Az, the axillary; B, the brachial; T/S, the superior thoracic; TZFA, the acromlo-thoracle; THE, the external ramimnary } CHA, the anterior cirzumflex; CIIP, the posterior 3/85, the lar; CSC, the’ of the scapula; 1, the subclavine muscie; 2, the pectoralın minor; 3, the serratus magnus; 4, the lat is sim us dors i; 5, the teres major; 6, the long head of the triceps; 7, the deltoid; 8, the subscapular is, 9, the bicipital groove. coraco-brachial is muscles. By the pectoral is minor muscle it is divided into three parts, the first lying between the upper border of that muscle and the first rib, the second behind it, and the third between the lower border of the muscle and the lower margin of the teres major. In the first part of its course it is placed deep beneath the pectoral is major muscle, a prolongation of the cos to coracoid membrane, and a considerable quantity of fat and connective ti ue, and rests upon the first intercostal space and the first digitations of the serratus magnus muscle; in the second part it is covered by the pectoral is major and minor muscles; in the third part it is at first covered by the pectoral is major muscle, but in the lower half is placed immediately beneath the deep fascja of the arm, resting upon the subscapular is muscle and the tendons of the lat is sim us dors i and teres major muscles. From the first part are given off the superior thoracic and acromio-thoracic, from the second the external mammary and alar thoracic, and from the third the anterior and posterior circumflex arteries, besides a number of unnamed branches to the adjacent jae [L, 142, 172.] Cf. Brachial PLEXUS and Axillary VEIN. 2. See Clavicular a. (2d def.).—Azy gos articular a. See Middle articular a. of the knee.—Basilar a. Lat., arteria basilar is. Fr., artère basilaire. Ger., Zapfenarterie, Sp., arteria basilar, An a. formed by the union of the vertebral arteries of the two sides, Ga from the posterior to the anterior border of the pons Varolii, where it divides into two terminal branches, the ase jor cerebral arteries. It gives off the anterior inferior cerebellar, the superior cerebellar, and the Internal auditory arteries, and numerous transverse branches to the pons and adjacent parts. [L, 172.]—Biliary hepatic a. See Right hepatic a.—Brachial a. Lat., arteria brachial is. Fr., artére brachiale. Ger., Arm puls a der. Sp., arteria braquial. The continuation of the axillary a., extending from the lower inargin of the teres major muscle to about a finger's breadth below the bend of the elbow, where it divides into the radial and ulnar arteries. It runs along the inner side and forepart of the arm, in the depre ion on the inner border of the biceps and coraco-brachial is muscles, lyin; beneath the integument and fascia of the arm, as far as the ben of the elbow, where it sinks into the space between the supinator long us and pronator radii teres muscles. The median nerve lies on the outer side in the upped part, in front in the lower portion of the a., and on the inner side at the elbow joint. From it are given off the superior and inferior pro fund a, and anastomotic arteries of the arm, the nutrient a. of the os brachii, and a number of unnamed branches to the muscles and integument. [L, 142, 172.])—Branchial arteries. Lat., arteriæ branchia les. Fr., artères branchia les. The arteries which, in the Branch i at a, run in the grooves on the convex side of the branchial arches, and ramify upon the leaflets of the branch iæ. [L, 158.] See also Common branchial a. and Nutrient branchial arteries.—Bronchial arteries, Lat., arteriæ bronchia les, Fr., artéres bronchia les. See Inferior, Superior, Left, and Right bronchial a.—Brachio-cephalic a. Lat., arteria brachiocephalic a. Fr., artére brachio-céphalique. See Innominate a.— Broncho-æsophageal a. A branch of the posterior aorta in some of the quadrupeds, given off to the right of the first intercostal arteries, which runs forward between the aorta and the œsophacs to the bifureation of the trachea, where it divides into two ranches, the bronchial arteries. It also gives off branches to the cesophagus, the trachea, and adjacent parts. [L, 13.—Bucceal a, Lat., arteria buccal is. Fr., artère buccale. Ger., Bac ken puls a der, Sp., arteria bucal. A branch of the’ second part of the internal maxillary a., which runs obliquely downward and forward, in company, with the buccal nerve, upon the buccinator muscle, and is istributed to the muscles and integument of the cheek. [L, 142.] —Bulb a. See A. of the bulb of the urethra —Cweal arteries. Lat., arteriæ cecales. Branches of the great mesenteric a. distributed to the walls of the cecum. [L, 13.]—Calcaneal arteries, See External, Internal, and Middle calcaneal arteries, and Inferior calcaneal a—Capsular a. Lat., arteria capsular is. Fr., artére capsulaire. Ger., mittlere Nebenpulsader. Sp., arteria cı sular media, A branch of the abdominal aorta, arising at the 1 of the superior mesenteric a., which pa es obliquely outward upon the crus of the diaphragm to the suprarenal capsule, anastomosing with the inferior and superior suprarenal arteries. [L. 142.]—Cardiac arteries. See Right and Left coronary a. of the heart. —Carotid a. See Common, External, and Internal carotid a. Used without qualification, the term is most commonly understood to apply to the former.—Cavernous a. of the clitoris. Lat., arteria pro- ‘und a clitoric Fr., artére caverneuse (ou clitoridienne). One of he terminal branches of the internal pudic a. of the female, distributed to the corpus caver no sum of the clitoris. [L, 142.]—Central system of arteries. A term applied by Heubner and Duret to the pene or secondary branches of the circle of Will is, distributed to the central ganglia of the brain. [L, Be octal a. of the retina, Central a. of Zinn, Central retinal a. Lat., arteria central is ret inæ. Fr., artère centrale de la rétine. Ger., centrale Netzhautarterie. It., arteria centrale dell a retina. Sp., arteria central del a retina. A branch of the ophthalmic a., given off in the orbital cavity near the optic foramen, which pierces the ortle nerve obliquely and runs forward in or near the central axis of the nerve to the por us optic us, where it divides into from two to five branches, which run forward in the nerve-fibre or ganglion cell-layers of the retina as far as the ora serrata, forming a dense capillary network. {L.]—Cerebellar arteries. See Anterior in- CA i 0998; (‘ ( Z Rag \ 4 SPA spn THE ARTERIES OF THE BASE OF THE BRAIN. (AFTER HENLE.) CA, the anterlor cerebral; COA, the; CM, the middle cerebral; CI, the Internal carotid; COP, the’ posterior communi CH, the anterior chorioid; CEO, the posterior cerebral; CBS, the superior cerebral; CB/4. the anterior inferior cere bell at; AUD, the internal auditory; BA, the basilar; J the vertebral; CHIP, the posterior inferior cerebellar; SPA, the anterior spinal; SPP, the posterior apinal. S ‘erior, Posterior, and Superior cerebellar a.—Cerebral a. See Iner carotid @._-Cerebral arteries. See Anterior, Middle, and Posterior cerebral a.—Cerebro-spinal a, One of the terminal branches of the occipital a. of the horse, which enters the spinal canal by the anterior foramen of the atlas, where it divides into two branches. The anterior of these unites with its fellow of the opposite side to form the basilar a., and the other, uniting in a simi- " lar manner, forms the anterior median spinal a. (L, 13.) Cervical arteries. See Ascending, Descending, Superficial, Deep, Inferior, Posterior, and Transverse cervical a., Superficial descending a. of the neck, Anterior thyreoid a., and Cervico-muscular a.— Cervico-muscular a. A branch of the axillary a., in man: of the domesticated animals, which supplies the first intercostal space and the lower cervical muscles. [L, 13.]-Cervico-pulmonary a. Fr., artére pulmocervicale. A ve el of certain batrachians, which divides into the pulmonary and the occipito-dorsal arteries. (L, 158.] — Cervicoscapular a., artère cervico - scapula ire. See Transverse cervical a.— Chorioid arteries. See Anterior and Posterior choriod arteries.—Ciliary arteries. See Anterior, Posterior, Long, and Short ciliary arteries —Cireuliar a. of the uterus. A circular loop situated at the junction of the cervix with the body of the uterus, formed by an anastomosis of two ve els (on each side a special branch of the pypceeeiic uterine a.), so as to encircle the ‘organ. {A, 225.]—Circumflex a. of the coronary cushion. A superficial vascular arch around the coronet of the hoof of the horse, formed by the anterior branches of the coronary circle, [L, 18.] — Cireumflex a. of the seapula. Lat., arteria circumflex a scapule, Fr., artére circonjlexe de l’omoplate. A branch of the subscapular a., which pa es through between the subscapular is and teres muscles to the infra spinous fo a of the scapula. [L, 7.]-Cireumflex iliac a. Lat., arteria circumflex a iliac a. Fr., artère circonflexe iliaque. A term applied to the deep circumfiex and superficial circumflex, iliac arteries, but more propanly’ restricted to the ‘ormer. [L.)—Clavicular a. Fr., artére clavicula ire. 1, A branch of the acromiothoracic a. distributed to the subclavian muscle. 2. In EbeTp, the arteries distributed to the pectoral fins in fishes. _ [L, 142, 158.J— Coceygeala. Lat.. arteria coccygea. A branch of the sciatic a. supplying the glutæus maximus muscle and the integument and other structures hehind the coceyx. [L, 172.|—Coceygeai arteries. See Coccygeal a., Lateral coccygeal a.,and Middle coccygeal a.—Cochlear a. Lat., arteria cochlee. One of the terminal branches of the internal auditory a. distributed to the cochiea. [L, 172.]—Ceeliac æ Lat., arteria cœliaca. Fr., artére cæliaque. Ger., mvo MVS