Guzzler

An immoderate eater or drinker. Gvosdevi, ( g’vos - da'vēē,) a group of islands in Behring's Strait, between N. America and Asia, Lat. 65° 40 N., Lon. 173° 50′ E. Imaglin, the largest, is 25 m. in length. They are low and destitute of vegetation. Gymnasium, (jim-nāize-um,) n. [Lat., from Gr. gym nasion, a school, from gymnazein , to practise, from gymnos, naked.] The name given by the Greeks to those places in which their youth exercised themselves naked. The gymnasia of the Greeks and Romans were looked upon as an important part of their educational systems. The Greeks, indeed, devoted more time to the gymnastic training of their youths than on all the other departments of education. There were three public gymnasia in Athens, the Academia, Lyceum, and Cynosarges, besides several smaller private ones. The administration of these institutions was given to a gymnasiarch, whose duty it was to place the youths under proper teachers, to conduct the games, and pay the athletsæ. In these gymnasia there appear to have been ten gymnasiarchs; next in rank came ten other officers, called the Saph ronista , or "teachers of wisdom," who seem to have looked after the moral development of the pupils at the gymnasium. The Gymnastæ and Pædotriba a igned to the youth the different kinds of exercise adapted to the capabilities of each. The Aliptæ , or "anointers," prepared the youths for the day's exercise, by anointing them with oil, and then sprinkling them with dust. In the gymnasium the principal exercises were foot-racing, wrestling, boxing, leaping, quoit-throwing, dancing, .; and the younger pupils played a variety of games with balls, tops, . The gymnasium of the ancients was not one building, but rather a group of edifices, which could contain a vast number of people. It generally consisted of twelve parts:- The exterior porticus femininos , where the philosophers, rhetoricians, mathematicians, and others, disputed or lectured publicly. Secondly, a place where the pupils a embled early to learn their exercise privately. The next, a sort of antechamber, called the caryceum apodyterion , or gymnasterion, where they stripped either for the purpose of bathing or exercise. The fourth division was used for anointing purposes, and was called the elæthesium, ali pterion , or unctuarium. The fifth and sixth portions were the consisterium , where they covered themselves with sand or dust; and the palæstr a , the place where they practised boxing, wrestling, . A seventh portion of the gymnasium was reserved for ball-exercise, and was called the sphæris terion. The zysti were porticas where the wrestlers contended during inclement weather; and there were other zysti, or open alleys, for fine weather, some of which were ornamented with trees. Between the porticas and the outer walls there were also large unpaved alleys used for various purposes. Lastly, there was the stadium , a large semicircular space covered with sand, and surrounded by seats for spectators; and the baths, which consisted of several apartments. In Rome, during the republic, there were no buildings which could be compared with the Greek gymnasia. Under the Cæsars, the public baths bore some resemblance to them, but the gymnasia may be said to have disappeared with the thermæ.- The name is employed, in the present day, to designate the higher cla of schools in Germany, - those that are intended to be immediately preparatory to the university. The gymnasia differ from the real schools ( realschulen ), which are intended to give a suitable education for such as are destined for busine or trade, in having as their object the bestowing of a mental and scientific education on such as are intended for the universities. The course of study usually extends over six or seven years, and includes Latin and Greek, history, geography, mathematics, religion and Bible knowledge, natural and mental philosophy, natural history, German, French, English, and singing. The scholars leave about the age of 18 or 20, to enter the university; but on leaving they are required (in Pru ia at least) to undergo a very strict examination before they can enter the university; and, indeed, they cannot pa from one cla to a higher without giving satisfactory evidence that they have profited by their instructions. Not a few, in this way, are forced to spend 2 years in one cla . A committee is appointed by govt. for the examination of such as intend entering the university without pa ing through a gymnasium. See GYMNASTICS. Gym'nast, n. [Fr. gymnaste; Gr. gumnastes.] One who practises, or is skilled in athletic exercises or sports. Gymnastic, Gymnastical, a . Pertaining to athletic exercises or sports; as, a gymnastic entertainment. Gwalior Territories, a district of Central Hindostan, in the dominions of Scindia, bounded by Bundelcund, Chumbal, Dhar, Rajpoor, and Kotah. Area , 33,100 sq. m. Prod. Rice, wheat, maize, sugar, opium, cotton, and castor-oil. Silk is largely manufactured. Pop . 3,580,000. This state is under the protection of the British. Its capital, of the same name, on a tributary of the Chumbal, Lat. 26° 13' N., Lon. 78° 15′ E., stands on an isolated rock, 300 ft. high, perpendicular on all sides, 11⁄2 m. long by 300 yds. wide, capable of accommodating a garrison of 15,000 men. Pop . 9,500. Gwinett', in Georgia , a N. central co.; area , about 550 sq. m. Rivers. Chattahoochee, and the head-waters of the Appalachee, Yellow, and Ulcofauhachee or Alcovy rivers. Surface, hilly; soil, generally fertile. Min . Gold, iron, and antimony. Cap . Lawrenceville. Gwynedd, (gwineth.) (Geog.) The ancient name of North Wales. Gwynedd, in Pennsylvania, a post-township of Mont gomery co.