Population (1891), commune, 7,907

Ambiorix (am-bī'ō-riks). A chief of the Eburones in Gaul, famous in the campaigns against IMG:content-0074.png:[blocks in formation] Ambrones scenery. Near it are Rydal Mount, Fox How, Grasmere, etc. It contains Roman antiquities. Population (1891), 2,360. Ambleteuse (on-bl-tėz'). A decayed seaport in the department of Pas-de-Calais, France, 7 miles north of Boulogne. Amboella (am-bwā'lä). A Bantu people living in the interior of Africa, near the head streams of the Zambesi, about lat. 15° S., long. 19° Ε. Amboim (äm-bwing'). See Mbuiyi . Ambois (on-bwä'), Bu y d'. The principal character in Chapman's play of that name: a self-confident and arrogant adventurer, with some real loftine of character. Ambois, Clermont d'. The brother of Bu y d'Ambois, a scholar and philosopher. He is the central figure in Chapman's play "The Revenge of Bu y d'Ambois." He commits suicide after the death of his patron Guise. Amboise (on-bwäz'). A town in the department of Indre-et-Loire, France, situated on the Loire 14 miles east of Tours. It is famous for its castle, a favorite residence of the Valois kings, oсcupying a high rock-platform from which rise its 3 cylindrical, cone-roofed towers. Two towers built at the base of the rock, 42 feet in diameter and over 100 feet high, contain spiral pa ages by which horses and vehicles can mount to the platform above. In the gardens is the Chapel of St. Hubert, one of the richest existing examples of the florid Pointed. Here Leonardo da Vinci is buried. It was the scene of the Conspiracy of Amboise in 1560. Later it became a political prison. Abd-el-Kader was confined in it 1847-52. It is now the property of the Comte de Paris. Population (1891), commune, 4,480. Amboise, Conspiracy of. An unsucce ful conspiracy of Huguenots under La Renaudie to seize the king (Francis II.), first at Blois and afterward at Amboise in 1560, and remove him from the influence of the Guises. Condé was the real chief of the conspirators. Amboise, Edict of. An edict of pacification between the French Catholics and Huguenots, authorizing (1563) the Reformed worship in the houses of the nobility, throughout the domains of the justiciary nobles, and in one city of each bailiwick. It ended the first war be tween the two parties. Amboise, Georges d'. Born at Chaumont-surLoire, France, 1460: died at Lyons, 1510. A French statesman and cardinal, minister of Louis XII. 1498, and director of his foreign policy. Amboise, League of. See Amboise , Conspir acy of . Amboyna (am-boi'nä). [Malay Ambun .] One of the chief islands of the Moluccas, situated in lat. 3° 41′ S., long. 128° 10′ E., consisting of two parts connected by a narrow isthmus. Its chief product is cloves. It was settled by the Portuguese in the 16th century, and was taken by the Dutch, to whom it now belongs, in 1605. Length, 32 miles. Area, 264 square miles. Population, 31,510. Amboyna. A residency of the Dutch East Indies, comprising Amboyna, Ceram, Banda Islands, Timor-Laut, etc. Amboyna. A seaport, capital of the island and residency of Amboyna. Population, about 9,000. Amboyna, or The Cruelties of the Dutch to the English Merchants. A tragedy by Dryden, produced in 1673. Part of the plot was taken from decade, and part has reference to occurrences of the time. Ambracia (am-brā'shi-ä). [Gr. Ἀμβρακία , earlier Ἀμπρακία.] The ancient name of Arta (which see). one of the Italian novels of Cinthio, the 10th of the fifth Ambracian Gulf (am-bra's hi-an gulf). See Arta , Gulf of . Ambree (am'brē), Mary. A woman who is said to have fought at the siege of Ghent in 1584 to revenge her lover's death. She is frequently mentioned in old ballads, and is the subject of one preserved by Percy. Ben Jonson refers to Epicne" and "Tale of a Tub" and in "The Fortunate Isles," where he quotes the words of this ballad. Fletcher also mentions her in "The Scornful Lady." The ballad in Percy's "Reliques" is often quoted by the writers of Jonson's time, and, like him, they frequently gave the name of Mary Ambree to any remarkable virago who adopted man's attire. Ambriz (äm-brēz'). A coast town of Portuguese Angola, West Africa, and capital of the "concelho" (county) of the same name. Its chief export is coffee, which is brought down from the Mutemu and Encoge mountains. It was occupied by the Portuguese in 1855. Population, about 2,500, of mixed African origin, mostly from Loanda. Ambrones (am-brō'nēz). [L. Ambrones (Livy), Gr. Ἄμβρωνες (Strabo).] A German tribe mentioned by Livy and Strabo in connection with the Teutones, whose near neighbors they seem to have been on the North Sea, and with whom they were allied in the Cimbrian wars. They suffered a crushing defeat by Marius at Aquæ Sextiæ, 102 B. C. There is no certain record of their subsequent fate. The Century Cyclopedia of Names Amelot de la Hou aye (äm-lō de la ö-sa'), Abraham Nicolas. Born at Orléans, France, Feb., 1634: died at Paris, Dec. 8, 1706. A French publicist, author of "His to ire du gou- vernement de Venise" (1676), etc. Amelotte (äm-lot'), Denis. Born at Saintes, France, March 15, 1606: died at Paris, Oct. 7, 1678. A French theologian, author of a trans- lati on of the New Testament (1666-68). Trèves, Gaul, probably 340: died at Milan, Amends for Ladies. A play by Nathaniel April, 397. One of the fathers of the Latin Field, published in 1618. child, so story runs, suddenly called out "Ambrose Bishop"; the words were caught up and carried round the church by the rapturous acclamation of the whole multi- tude. Hodgkin, Italy and her Invaders, I. 187. Ambrose, Isaac. Born at Ormskirk, Lanca- shire, England, 1604: died 1664. An English nonconformist divine and devotional writer, author of "Looking unto Jesus" (1658). Ambrose and the Emperor Theodosius. A painting by Rubens, in the Imperial Gallery Ambrosius (am-brō'zius), or Ambrose, Father. The last abbot of St. Mary's, Edward Glen- Amenemhat (ä-men-em'hät) I., Se-hotep-ab- Ra. An Egyptian king, the founder of the 12th dynasty, who reigned about 2466 B. c. (Brugsch). He was a succe ful ruler and general, and founded the temple of Amun in Thebes. There is considerable docu- mentary evidence concerning his reign. Also Amenemha . Amenemhat II., Nub-kau-Ra. An Egyptian king, the third of the 12th dynasty, who reigned about 2400 в. c., and of whom little is known. Also Amenemha . about 2300 в. с. (Brugsch). He constructed Lake America, Mæris and the Labyrinth. (See Mæris , Labyrinth .) In America, Central. See Central America . script ions of his time have been found on the rocks in America, North. See North America . the peninsula of Sinai. There is also a mark (with an in- America, (See Nile .) Also Amenemha . Amenemhat IV., Maat-kheru-Ra. An Egyp- Amenhotep (ä-men-hō'tep) I., or A me no phis (am-e-no'fis), Ser-ka-Ra. An Egyptian king, the second of the 18th dynasty, who reigned about 1666 в. с. (Brugsch). He was succe ful in campaigns in Ethiopia (Kush) and Libya. Also Amenhetp . Amenhotep II., or A me no phis, Aa-kheperu- Ra. An Egyptian king, the seventh of the 18th dynasty, who reigned about 1566 в. с. (Brugsch). He made a succe ful campaign in Asia, which is commemorated in an inscription in a temple at Amadah in Nubia. There are also inscriptions bearing his name in the temple of Amun at Karnak. Also Amenhetp . Amenhotep III., or A me no phis, Maat-neb- Ra. An Egyptian king, the ninth of the 18th dynasty, who reigned about 1500 в. с. (Brugsch). He was a succe ful warrior and a great builder. The two colo al statues of Memnon near Thebes are portrait-statues of him. See Memnon . from some large scarabæi Palace - we learn that under his rule Egypt stretched hala Mesopotear that hendent Aby in i a. At the same time that he consolidated the empire left him by preceding monarchs, A me no phis raised along the banks of the Nile monuments which for their grandeur and the perfection of their workmanship are unsurpa ed. The temple at Gebel-Barkal, in the Sudan, was erected by this king; so also was that at Soleb, near the third cataract - and souvenirs of him may be found at A ûan, Elephan- tiné, Gebel-Silsileh, El-Kab, Tûrah, the Serapeum at Mem- phis, and Serbût-el-ladim. He added considerably to Karnak, and built that portion of the temple at Luxor that bears his name. He also erected on the left bank of the Nile-opposite to Luxora sacred edifice which once must have been one of the most important in Egypt. De- stroyed completely by causes unknown to us, all that is now left of it are the two enormous colo i - called by the Arabs Sânam at-which originally stood at the entrance. Amenhotep IV., or A me no phis, Khu-n-Aten ('splendor of the sun's disk'). An Egyptian king, the tenth of the 18th dynasty, who reigned about 1466 в. с. (Brugsch). He was an innovator in religion, substituting the new worship of Aten (the sun's disk) for that of Amun and the other Egyptian deities. He also moved the capital from Thebes to a place in middle Egypt, the modern Tel-el-Amarna. Ameni (ä-ma'nē), or Amenemhat. An Egyp- recording the events of his life has been found in a rock- tian official under Usertesen I. An inscription tomb at Beni-Ha an. It contains a reference to a famine which has, by some, been supposed to be that which oc- curred during Joseph's sojourn in Egypt. IMG:content-0076.png:[blocks in formation] Ames, Fisher. Born at Dedham, Ma ., April 9, 1758: died at Dedham, July 4, 1808. A noted American orator, statesman, and political writer. He was graduated from Harvard College in 1774, began the practice of law at Dedham in 1781, was a member of the Ma achusetts ratifying committee in Amenities of Literature. A work by Isaac 1788, and was a Federal member of Congre from Ma a- D'Israeli, completed in 1841. Amelia. The heroine of Fielding's novel of that name (published 1751), a virtuous and de- voted wife, said to be the portrait of Fielding's A me no phis. See Amenhotep . own wife. She is represented as having suffered an in- Amenthes. See Amenti . jury to her nose (like Mrs. Fielding), which impaired her popularity among Fielding's readers. Thackeray consid- Amenti (a-men'tē). In Egyptian mythology, ered her "the most charming character in English fiction." the under world; the world of the dead. Amelia Island (a-melia i'land). A small Amelia in Italy. island off the northeastern coast of Florida. America (a-mer'i-kä). [It. Sp. Pg. Amer- Ames, Joseph. Born at Yarmouth, England, Jan. 23, 1689: died at London, Oct. 7, 1759. An English antiquary and bibliographer, pub- lisher of "Typographical Antiquities" (1749, ed. by Herbert 1785-90). This work is the "foundation of English bibliography." ica, F. Amérique , G. Amerika ; from NL. Ames, Joseph. Born 1816: died 1872. An Amer- America (1507), after Am eric us Vesputius (It. ican painter, chiefly noted for his portraits. Amerigo Vespucci ), an Italian explorer. See Ames, Mrs. (Mary Clemmer, later Mrs. Hud- Vespucci .] The western continent or grand division of the world, including North Amer- ica, South America, and adjacent islands. See Ames of the New York "Independent." She published novels, poems, sketches, etc. Ames, Oakes. Born at Easton, Ma ., Jan. 10, 1804: died May 8, 1873. An American manufacturer, capitalist, and politician. He was inter ested in the building of the Union Pacific Railroad, was Republican member of Congre from Ma achusetts 18631873, and was censured by the House for his connection with the Credit Mobilier (which see). Ames (Latinized Amesius), William. Born at Ipswich, England, d. 1576: died at Rotter dam, Nov., 1633. An English Puritan theologian and casuist residing in the Netherlands. He wrote "Medulla Theolog iæ,” “De Conscient i a" (1632), “Coronis," etc. Amesbury (amz'ber"i). A town in E ex County, Ma achusetts, situated on the Merrimack 34 miles north of Boston. It was the residence of Whittier. Population (1900), 9,473. Amesha Spent as, mod. Pers. Amshaspands. [Pers., 'Immortal Holy Ones.'] The seven supreme spirits of Avestan theology. At their head, as their creator, stands Ahuramazda. The others are moral or physical abstractions. They are Vohu Manah, 'good mind,' Vahishta, 'best righteousne ,' Khshathra Vairya, 'the wished-for kingdom, Spenta Armaiti, 'holy harmony,' Haurvatat, 'wholene , saving health,' Ameretat, 'immortality.' In the later religion they became guardian geniuses respectively of the flocks, fire, metals, the earth, waters, and trees. They are related to Ahuramazda as are the Adityas in Vedic theology to Varuna. See Adityas . Amestris (a-mes'tris). See the extract. Amestris, the daughter of Otanes according to Hero dot us, of Onophas according to Ctesias, was the favourite wife of Xerxes, and bore him at least five children. Her crimes and cruelties are related by Ctesias at some length, and are glanced at by Hero dot us. She may be the Vashti of Esther, whose disgrace was perhaps only temporary. She lived to a great age, dying, as it would seem, only a little before her son Artaxerxes. Rawlinson , Herod., IV. 258. Ameto (ä-ma'tō). A prose idyl of Boccaccio, with poetical interludes. Seven nymphs over whom Ameto, a young hunter, presides recount the story of their loves, and each story concludes with eclogues, which were the first in the Italian language. Amga (äm'gä). A river of eastern Siberia, about 500 miles in length, which joins the Aldan in about lat. 63° N., long. 134° E. Amhara (äm-hä'rä). The central province of Aby in i a, including Dembea, Begemeder, Lasta, Medja, Gojam. The capital is Gondar. Amharic (äm-här'ik), or Amarinna (ä-märin'ä). The language of the Aby in i an province Amhara, and of Shoa: since the 14th century the court and official language of Aby in i a. As long as the ancient Geez flourished, Amharic was only a provincial dialect of southern Aby in i a. Within the last three centuries it has been sometimes used in writing, with adapted Ethiopian characters. It is a Semitic language with an intermixture of African words. Amherst (am'èrst). A district in Tena erim division, British Burma, intersected by lat. 16° N., long. 98° E. Area, 15,203 square miles. Population (1891), 417,312. Amherst. A seaport in the Amherst district, founded by the British in 1826. It has been superseded in importance by Maul main. Amherst. A town in Hampshire County, Ma achusetts, 20 miles north of Springfield, the seat of Amherst College and of the Ma achusetts Agricultural College. Population (1900), 5,028. Amherst, Jeffrey (Baron Amherst). Born at Riverhead, England, Jan. 29, 1717: died at Montreal, in Kent, Aug. 4, 1797. An English field-marshal. As major-general he served in the attack on Louis burg in July, 1758, at Ticonderoga in July, 1759, and at Montreal in Sept., 1760. He was appointed governor-general of British North America in 1761, governor of Virginia in 1763, governor of Guernsey in 1770, and lieutenant-general and acting commander-in chief of the army in 1772 (commander-in-chief in 1793). He was created Baron Amherst in 1776 (recreated in 1787), general in 1778, and field-marshal in 1796. Amherst, William Pitt (Earl Amherst). Born Jan., 1773: died 1857. An English statesman and diplomatist, nephew of Jeffrey Amherst. He was amba ador to China 1816-17, governor-general of India 1823-28, and carried on the first Burmese war 1824-26. Amherst College. An institution of learning situated at Amherst, Ma achusetts. It was opened in 1821 and incorporated in 1825, and is controlled chiefly by Congregationalists. It has about 400 students. Amherstburg (am'èrst-berg). A town in E ex County, Ontario, Canada, situated at the entrance of the Detroit River into Lake Erie, 20 miles south of Detroit. Population (1901), 2,222 . Amhurst (am'erst), Nicholas. Born at Marden, in Kent, Oct. 16, 1697: died at Twickenham, April 12, 1742. An English poet and pamphleteer, editor of the political journal IMG:content-0077.png:[blocks in formation] "The Arabian Nights' Entertainments." He marries Amine. Amina (a-mē'nä). The principal character in Bellini's opera "La Sonnambula." Aminadab (a-min'a-dab). A name often used Aminadab Sleek. See Sleek , Aminadab . Spenser's "Faerie Queene," the captive lover by the older dramatists to designate a Quaker. of Æmilia, a squire of low degree. man" in "The Arabian Nights' Entertainments," the wife of Sidi Nouman. Her habit of eating only a few grains of rice, at table, arouses his suspicions, and he discovers her feasting at night with a ghoul. 2. In the story of "The Three Ladies of Bagdad" in "The Arabian Entertain Amici (ä-mē'chē), Giovanni Battista. Born Amine (ä-men'). In the of " "Sidi Nouat Modena, Italy, den a, Italy, March 25, 1784 (1786): died at Florence, April 10, 1863. An Italian optician and astronomer. He produced a dioptric or achromatic microscope which bears his name. Amicis, De. See De Amicis . Amida (a-mi da). In ancient geography, a Roman city on ity on the site of the modern Diarbekr. Amidas (am'i-das) and Bracidas (bras'i-das). Twin brothers whom Artegal reconciles in the fifth book of Spenser's "Faerie Queene." Amidas, Philip. Born at Hull, England, died about 1618. An English navigator. He explored, with Barlow, the North Carolina coast in 1584. See Barlow . Hull, England, 1550: Amie (ami). In Ben Jonson's "Sad Shepherd," a gentle shepherde in whose mouth are put the words: I grant the linnet, lark, and bullfinch sing, But best the dear good angel of the Spring, The nightingale. ii. 2. Amiel (a'mi-el). In Dryden's "Absalom and Achitophel," a character intended for Edward Seymour, speaker of the House of Commons, who was an adherent of the Prince of Orange and the head of the house of Seymour. Amiel (ä-me-el'), Henri Frédéric. Born at Geneva, 1821: died 1881. A Swi scholar and poet, appointed profe or of esthetics and of French literature at the Academy of Geneva in 1849, and of moral philosophy in of his "Journal intime" in 1853. Parts were published after his ments," Zobeide's sister. Without knowing his rank, she marries Amin, eldest son of Harun-al-Rashid. Aminta (ä-min'tä). A pastoral drama by Ta o, produced in 1573. But an epoch in the history of the pastoral drama is marked by the Aminta of Torquato Ta o, acted at Ferrara in 1573. This celebrated poem is simple in plot; but its design is allegorical, and the Arcadia presented is a reflexion of the Ferrara court, the poet himself appearing as one of the shepherds (Tirsi). Ward. Aminte (ä-mant'). 1. See Cathos .-2. The neighbor of Sganarelle in Molière's "L'Amour Médec in." Amintor (a-min'tor). One of the principal male characters in Beaumont and Fletcher's play “The Maid's Tragedy." His weakne and irresolution in love are explained, but not compensated for, by his fantastic loyalty to his king. Amiot, or Amyot (ä-me-ō'), Joseph. Born at Toulon, France, 1718: died at Peking, 1794. A French Jesuit mi ionary (in China) and Orientalist. He wrote "Mémoires concern ant l'his to ire, les sciences, et les arts des Chinois" (1776-91), "Dictionnaire tatar-mantchou-français" (1789), etc. Amirante Islands (am'i-rant i'landz). A death (2 vols. 1882-84). He studied at Berlin group of small islands in the Indian Ocean, be 1844-48. Amiens (ä-me-an'). The capital of the department of Somme, France, situated at the june tion of the Selle with the Somme in lat. 49° 55′ N., long. 2o 18′ E.: the ancient Samarobriva. It was the capital of ancient Picardie and is now one of the leading manufacturing and commercial centers of France. The cathedral of Amiens, begun in 1220, is in purity and majesty of design perhaps the finest existing medieval structure. It is 469 feet long, 213 acro the transepts, and about 150 in height of nave-vaulting. The incomparable façade has 3 huge porches covered with the richest sculpture, 2 galleries, the lower arcaded, the upper filled with statues of kings, and a great rose and gable between two low square towers. The transepts have superb roses 40 feet in diameter above traceried arcades filled with colored gla . The great portal of the south transept is famous for its sculpture. The interior is simple and most impre ive. The 110 late-Pointed choir-stalls are probably unexcelled, and the radiating apsidal chapels are of exceptional beauty. The slender wooden central spire is 361 feet high. Population (1901), 90,038. Amiens, Battle of. A victory gained Nov. 27, 1870, by the Germans under Manteuffel over the French. It was followed by the taking of Amiens Nov. 28, and the surrender of its citadel Nov. 30. Amiens, Council at. See Amiens , Mise of. Amiens, Mise of. The award pronounced Jan. 23, 1264, by Louis IX. of France, to whom the question as to the obligation of Henry III. to observe the Provisions of Oxford had been referred at the Council of Amiens, Dec. 16, 1263. By this award the King of France entirely annulled the Provisions of Oxford, and all engagements which had been made respecting them. Not content with doing this in general terms, he forbade the making of new statutes, as proposed and carried out in the Provisions of Westminster, ordered the restoration of the royal castles to the king, restored to him the power of nominating the officers of state and the sheriffs, the nomination of whom had been withdrawn from him by the Provisions of Oxford; he annulled the order that natives of England alone should govern the realm of England, and added that the king should have full and free power in this kingdom as he had had in time past. All this was in the king's favor. The arbitrator, however, added that all charters i ued before the time of the Provisions should hold good, and that all parties should condone enmities and injuries arising from the late troubles.