CAMORTA ISLAND

(8° 15’ 88’ E.), one of Nicobar Islands, Bengal. duced as a military term during World War, signifies disguise with to concealment and deception enemy; also the means or manufactured or natural, used urpose. Forms of camouflage ‘amilar to ancient and medieval and some of them foreshadowed modern methods. During the period of trench warfare in the War camouflage was practiced art, not only to counter observation the extremely close ranges of the ing trenches, but also from attempting to take aeroplane graphs. Surface indications, uous from the ground, are clearly in expert examinations of these graphs, and it is specially that the shadows of trees or sharper than their actual foliage. camouflage should therefore the appearance of the surface covers in color, form, and texture, should avoid unnatural regularity the creation of light and extremely difficult to achieve severe conditions. But imperfect ouflage is better than none, as it targets le easy to discover distinct when discovered; it also ranging aeroplanes to descend to where they can be seriously by gunfire from the ground. Infantry.—The forward posts and embrasures of emplacements were camouflaged use of imitation bricks or sandbags gauze-covered holes, let into or the ruined walls of trenches. suits painted green were provided snipers; in night raids faces of men blackened and white was worn snow was on the ground. trenches were camouflaged, and nication trenches roofed with Artillery.—Framework of fish netting decorated with gra or foliage was used for batteries; painted sheets for spoil, ammunition, or stores. batteries were more difficult to and the scheme was decided reference to aeroplane Landscape was frequently altered heightening hedges or walls, or false crests to hide movements munition or flashes of the guns. marks were concealed by sheets, foreign during firing, and by other dev i The Heavy guns were sometimes pla Vasco amidst imitation ruins or fields cantos. cultivation. Most guns were pain N., 93° in such a way as to break up the sh Bay of of the weapon by blending parts o with the surroundings; the colors v usually green, cream, and brown. intro Lines of Communication were conc the ed by screens of painted canvas or sti a view of canvas, branches, or gra on fra i of the work of wire, usually placed at sc material, distance from edge of road; such scre for the often extended for many miles. Pro were tive painting was also applied to hy armies, camps, aeroplanes, and dumps beh the the lines. For concealing the move me long of troops on a grand scale camouflage ° World reinforced by other methods, such as a fine marching only by night, rigidly avoid at the formation of new tracks, and dum oppos preparations elsewhere. aircraft Sea Warfare.—Q.-boats were used photo deceive German submarines; steam in cons pic and sailing ships employed for visible purpose carried concealed guns, and w photo manned by men of the royal navy, v noticeable in dre and demeanor appeared to hedges are merchant seamen, ‘Panic parties’ ab Ideal doned ship when submarine appear reproduce and the deception was continued w which it she was within easy range, when | and guns were unmasked. ‘Dazzle paint i in was carried out on an extensive scale shadow— as to deceive the enemy as to the cou under and speed of the target ship. renders the battle-cruiser Tiger and the bat and le ship Colling wood were used at the D forces danelles, where the dummy Tiger 1 heights sunk by a torpedo, and the crew floa distracted off on one of the turrets. These dumm were intended to deceive the enemy observation to location of their originals. Dum: machine-gun periscopes were towed behind submer; by the submarines. Dummy batteries, w with artificial flashes, were used by the Tur parapets and were sited some distance from Loose real guns. "Wooden howitzers, dum: for heads, dummy periscopes, and dum: were figures of men (‘Chinese infantry’) w when also used to deceive the enemy. Scre Important were often used which concealed not hi: commuOpen Warfare.—During the mov turf, warfare in 1918 camouflage was of lit wire or or no account, owing to the raj imitation change of sips and batteries a concealing brigades of artillery frequently we covering into action in line in the open, as in 19 Field without any camouflage, natural conceal, | artificial on by photographs.