FIVE SENSES

The. Arabic al-ḥawā u ʾl-k͟hams ah ( الحواسّ الخمسة‎ ). According to Muḥammadan writers, there are five external ( z̤āhirī ) senses, and five internal ( bāt̤inī ) senses. The former being those five faculties known amongst European writers as seeing ( baṣirah ), hearing ( sāmiʿah ), smelling ( shāmmah ), taste ( ẕāʾiqah ), touch ( lāmis ah ). The latter: common sense ( ḥi -i-mushtarak ), the imaginative faculty ( qūwat-i-k͟hayāl ), the thinking faculty ( qūwat-i-mut aṣarrifah ), the instinctive faculty ( qūwat-i-wāhim ah ), the retentive faculty ( qūwat-i-ḥāfiz̤ah ).