aniellid (anielid)

A lizard of the family Aniellida . Aniellidæ (an-i-el'i-dē), n. pl. [NL., to or derived from anil: as, anilic acid. anilide (an'i-lid or -līd), n. [ aniline, which is an oily liquid, colorle when pure, somewhat heavier than water, having a peculiar vinous smell and a burning taste. It is a strong base, and yields well characterized salts. When acted on by arsenic acid, pota ium bichromate, stannic chlorid, etc., aniline produces a great variety of compounds of very beautiful colors, known by the names of aniline purple, aniline green, violet, magenta, etc. Also called anilia. II. a . Pertaining to or derived from aniline: as, aniline colors. - Aniline oil, a by-product of the manufacture of aniline, containing aniline, toluidine, and a number of other organic bases of the aromatic series. It is used as a solvent for rubber, copal, etc. - Aniline pen copying, marking in permanent color, and transferring writing or designs. ing the characters of the A niello idea. A niello idea (ani-e-loi'de-a), n. pl . [NL., anilita ( t- )s, anil is : Aniella + -oidea .] A superfamily of eriglos- sate lacertilians (lizards), represented by the single family Aniellidæ , having concavo-convex vertebræ, clavicles not dilated posteriorly, no postorbital or post frontal squamosal arches, no interorbital septum, and no cranial columella. anientt, v. t. [ an i ent is hen, etc.: see anientish ), Bouvier. anientisht, v. t. [ nothing; annihilate. Ire, coveitise, and hast if ne , which three things ye han nat an i ent is sed [var. anentysched ] or destroyed. Chaucer, Tale of Melibeus. see anile.] The state of being anile; the old age of a woman; womanish dotage: as, "marks of anility," Sterne, Sermons, xxi. anilla (a-nil'ä), n. [ prepared. See anil. anima (an'i-mä), n.; pl. animæ (-mē). [L., a current of air, wind, air, breath, the vital principle, life, soul: sometimes equiv. quiv. to animus, mind (see animus, and cf. Gr. ἄνεμος, wind); both from root seen in Skt. Van, breathe, repr. in Teut. by Goth. usanan, breathe out, expire; cf. Icel. and a = Sw. and as = Dan. aande, breathe, Icel. önd, breath, life, soul, =Sw. and a, ande = Dan. aande, breath (> Sc. aund, aind, aynd, breath, breathe); also Icel. and i, breath, spirit, a spirit, = Dan. aand, spirit, soul, a spirit, ghost, OHG. an to =OS. an do =AS. and a, zeal, indignation, anger, envy: for the change of sense, ef. animus and animosity.] Soul; vital principle; the intelligent principle supposed to preside over vital actions: anciently applied to the active principle of a drug, as if this were its soul. - Anima brut a, the soul of brutes; the soul of animals other than man; the of brute intelligence and vitality. Anima human a, the human soul; the principle of human intelligence and vitality.Anima mundi, the soul of the world; an ethereal e ence or spirit supposed to be diffused through the universe, or different parts. anyght, a nyght, I broke my sword upon a stone, and bid him take that, for coming anight to Jane Smile. Shak ., As you Like it, ii. 4. The doctrine of the anima mundi , as held by the Stoics and Stratonic i ans, is closely allied to pantheism; while according to others this soul of the universe is altogether intermediate between the Creator and his works. Fleming. IMG:content-0769.png:[blocks in formation] animadvert (an"i-mad-vert'), v. i. [L. ani- madvertere , regard, observe, notice, apprehend, censure, punish; by crasis for animum advert ere , in same senses, lit. turn the mind to: animum, acc. of animus , the mind (see animus); advert ere, turn to: see advert .] 1. To take cognizance or notice.-2. To comment critically; make remarks by way of criticism or censure; pa strictures or criticisms. A man of a most animadverting humour; Who, to endear himself unto his lord, Will tell him, you and I, or any of us, That here are met, are all pernicious spirits. Animal anæretics. See anæretic. - Animal charcoal, Same as bone - black . - Animal economy, the physiological course of events in the life of an animal; the sequence of cause and effect observed in the vital activities of animals; the order of animated nature. - Animal electricity, elec- tricity generated in animal bodies, as, in large quantities, in the electric eel, the torpedo, and Mal apter urus , or, in small mal food, flesh or any other part of an animal which is eaten.-Animal force. See force . - Animal function, any vital activity or physiological proce performed in ani- mal economy; any organic property or character of animals. Such functions may be grouped in a few broad cla es: (1) Mentality, including all activities of the mind as dist in- guished from those of the body, such as instinct, reason, intellection, ideation, etc. (2) Sensibility, or feeling; the capability of responding automatically to external stimuli; irritability; innervation: common to all animals in a high degree as compared with plants. (3) Locomotion, usual in animals, but unusual in plants. (4) Nutrition, involving in- terstitial growth and waste and repair: common to plants and animals, but usually differently effected in the two, and with different material. (5) Reproduction, or genera- tion, a proce whereby growth is devoted to the form a- tion of separate individuals. Functions shared by all or- ganized beings are called organic or vegetative functions; no functions are peculiar to animals except those of men- tality. Other le er categories of functions are sometimes named: as, the digestive function; the sexual function; the function of circulation , of respiration ; the function of the liver, or of any part or organ, that is, the special part which it takes in the animal economy. - Animal heat, the temperature maintained during life in an animal body, and requisite for its physiological functions. It varies from a degree not appreciably different from that of the ele- ment in which the animal lives to one much higher, the latter being the case with the higher animals. Difference in degree of animal heat is the ground of a division of the higher animals into warm-blooded and cold-blooded, or Hæmatotherma and Hæmatocrya. In the former a very sensibly elevated temperature is maintained. It is highest in birds, mounting sometimes to 112° F. In mammals a usual range is from 96° to 104° F. In man the mean normal temperature is about 99°, any considerable devia- tion from which is inconsistent with health. Animal heat is simply a case of chemical combustion; an analo- go us proce goes on in plants. It is an index of the molecular motion of the body, and a measure of the work dom, all animals collectively; Animal i a ; one of the three grand divisions of the realm of nature ( imperium naturæ ), the other two comprising plants and minerals respectively. For scientific purposes it has been divided into cla es, or- ders, families, genera, species, and groups (with inter me- diate divisions often formed by prefixing sub- or super -to these words), whereby the cla ification and registration of animals are facilitated. Examples of the primary divisions are the following: (1) The Linnean system (1766) divided animals into 6 cla es: I. Mammal i a ; II. Aves ; III. Am- phibia ; IV. Pisces; V. Insect a; VI. Vermes. (2) The sys- tem of Cuvier (1817) proposed 4 subkingdoms and 20 cla es: I. Vertebrata ( Mammal i a , Aves , Reptilia , Pisces ); II. Mol- lusca ( Cephalopod a , Pteropod a , Gasteropod a , Acephala , Brachiopod a , Cirrhopoda); III. ( Ann elides , Crustacea, Trilobita , Arachnid a, Insect a); IV. Radiata (Echinoderm at a, Entozoa , Acaleph a , Polypi , Infusoria ). (3) The system of Owen (1860) separated the Protozoa from Animal i a proper as a separate kingdom, the latter being then divided into subkingdom I., Invertebrata , with 3 provinces, Radiata , Articulata , Mollusca ; and subkingdom II., Vertebrata . (4) In 1869 Huxley arranged the animal kingdom in the 8 primary groups Vertebrata , Mollusca , Molluscoid a, Cælen terata, Annulosa , Annuloida, Infu sori a , Protozoa . No two authorities agree upon the lead- ing divisions of the animal kingdom, but a system like the following is now quite generally accepted: Subking- dom A (with one phylum), Protozoa : cla I., Rhizopod a ; dom B, Metazoa . Phylum 1, Cælen terata: cla IV., Spongiozoa ; cla V., Hydrozoa ; cla VI., Actinozoa ; cla VII., Ctenozoa . Phylum 2, Echinoderm at a : cla VIII., Crinoidea ; cla IX., Asteroidea ; cla X., Echinoi- dea ; cla XI., Holothuroidea . Phylum 3, Vermes : cla XII., Plat helm int hes; cla XIII., Nemathelminthes ; cla XIV., Gephyrea ; cla XV., Annelid a ; cla XVI., Rotifer a . Phylum 4, Arthropod a : cla XVII., Crustacea ; cla XVIII., Arachnid a ; cla XIX., Myriapod a ; cla XX., Insect a . Phylum 5, Molluscoidea : cla XXI., Poly- zoa ; cla XXII., Brachiopod a . Phylum 6, Mollusca : cla XXIII., Acephala ; cla XXIV., Pteropod a ; cla animal-clutch (an'i-mal-kluch), n. A device for gripping animals by the leg while slaugh- tering them. animalcula (an-i-mal'kū-la), n . pl . [NL.: see animalculum.] 1. Plural of animalculum .-2. [ cap .] A loose synonym of Infusoria. animalculæ (an-i-mal'kū-lē), n. pl . An inc or- rect form of animalcula , of which it is a umed to be the plural. See animalculum and ani- animalcule (an-i-mal'kül), n. [ F.animalcule , animalculum , q. v.] 11. Any little animal, as a mouse, insect, etc.-2. A minute or micro- scopic animal, nearly or quite invisible to the naked eye, as an infusorian or rotifer; an ani- malculum: as, the bell- animalcule , a ciliate in- fusorian of the family Vorticellidæ ; wheel- ani- malcule , a rotifer; bear- animalcule , a minute arachnidan of the order Arctisca . See cuts un- der Arctisca , Rotifer a , and Vorticella . Proteus animalcule, a former name of amæba . - Seminal ani- malcule, a spermatozoon (which see). animalculine (an-i-mal'kū-lin), a. Same as animalcular. animalculism (an-i-mal'kū-lizm), n. malcule + -ism . ] 1. The theory that animal- cules cause disease.-2. The doctrine or theory of incasement in the male; spermism; sper- matism. See incasement . XXV., Gasteropod a ; cla XXVI., Cephalopod a . Phylum 7, Vertebrata: cla XXVII., Tunic at a ; cla XXVIII., Lep to cardia ; cla XXIX., Marsipobranch i i ; cla XXX., Elasmobranch i i ; cla XXXI., Pisces ; cla XXXII., Amphibia ; cla XXXIII., Reptilia ; cla XXXIV., Aves ; cla XXXV., Mammal i a . Three remarkable genera, Di. 2. An adherent of animalculism or the phys i- cyema , Sagitta , and Bal a no glo us , are severally regarded by many authors as types of cla es. - Animal magnet- ism, mechanics, etc. See the nouns. - Animal power, horse-power, etc. Usually expre ed in foot-pounds. See horse- power . Animal spirits. (a) According to the doc- trine of Galen, modified by Des cartes, subtile and almost incorporeal parts of the living body, which penetrate the pores of the nerves and pa between the brain and the periphery, acting as the agents of volition and sensation. Also in the singular, animal spirit , equivalent to nervous force or action. modern exuberance of health and life; natural buoyancy; cheerfulne , animation, gai. appropriate accompaniments of a vigorous animal tem- per ament. Lecky, Europ. Morals, II. 132. Faith in God is the source of all power. Before a soul inspired by this faith, the animal strength of a Napoleon or a Jackson is only weakne . J. F. Clarke , Self-Culture, p. 377. 4. Of, pertaining to, or derived from animals. It may be reasonably doubted whether any form of ani- to accord with one or other of the common plans now known. Huxley , Anat. Invert., p. 50. A creature almost lapsed from humanity into animal- Reader, Nov., 1863, p. 537. ( N. E. D.) al, organized, animated, and sentient portion of matter; in zoöl . , one of the Animal i a ; a mem- ber of the animal kingdom, as distinguished from a vegetable or a mineral. The distinction hood. from the latter is sufficient, consisting in organization: Animal i a (an-i-ma'li-ä), n . pl . [L., pl. of ani- interstitial nutrition, vitality, and animation; but is po ible to draw any line between all vegetables and all mal : see animal .] Animals as a grand division The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: Dictionary IMG:content-0771.png:[blocks in formation]