Senecio (sene sio)

[NL. (Tournefort, 1700), and cylindrical recurved style-branches and nearly cylindrical five to ten-ribbed achenes, smooth or but slightly downy, and little or not at all contracted at the summit, which bears a copious soft white pappus of slender simple bristles. Some species have flower-heads calyculate with a few bractlets below, and the majority bear spreading pistillate rays, which are, however, minute in some and in others absent. This has been esteemed the largest genus of flowering plants, containing (including Cacalia, with Durand, 1888) at least 960 clearly distinct species; it is yet uncertain whether or not it is surpa ed by the leguminous genus Astragalus, under which 1,300 species have been described, but perhaps not over 900 of these are genuine. habit, either smooth or woolly, and bear alternate or radiThe species of Senecio are mostly herbs, of polymorphous cal leaves which are entire, toothed, or di ected. Their flower-heads are either large or small, corymbed, panicled, or solitary, and are in the great majority of species yellow, especially the disk-flowers. The genus is of almost universal distribution, but the range of individual species is remarkably limited. They are most abundant in temperate climates; probably about two thirds of the species belong to the Old World, and of these half to South Africa and over a fourth to Europe and the Mediterranean region. About 66 species are found in the United States, including the 9 species of Cacalia (Tournefort, 1700), separated by many authors; the others are chiefly low or slender herbs with bright-yellow rays, most nu merous in the central States. American species are much more abundant in the Andean region, where they a ume a shrubby habit and in three fourths of the species develop no ray-flowers, the reverse of the proportion elsewhere. Many of the Andean species grow close to the snow-line, and have leaves quite glo y and glutinous above and clothed with warm wool beneath; some gummy leaved species have been used for firewood by the Bolivians under the name tola. In St. Helena and New Zealand a number of species become small trees. (See he- cabbage tree and puka - puka.) (For the principal British and American species, see ragwort, life root, and jacobæa; for the original species, S. vulgar is, a weed sold for cage-birds in London under the names bird - seed and chicken weed, and also called sencion and sims on, see groundsell.) Several species have been in repute as remedies for wounds, as S. Saracenicus (for which see Saracen's comfrey, under Saracen ). S. paludosus is known as bird's - tongue, S. hieracifolius as hawkweed, and S. Lyallii, of New Zealand, as mountain - marigold. S. lobatus, a tall and rather showy species of the southern United States, is known as butterweed, from its fleshy leaves. S. Cineraria, a bushy yellow-flowered perennial of Mediterranean shores from Spain to Greece and Egypt, is the dusty-miller of gardens, valued for its numerous long and pinnately cleft leaves, remarkably whitened with senescent close down; from it the native dusty-miller of the Atlantic coast, Artemisia Stelleriana, is distinguished by its short, roundish, le deeply cut leaves. S. mikanioides, Cape ivy, a tender climber with smooth and shining bright-green angled leaves, from the Cape of Good Hope, is a favorite in cultivation. Several species are cultivated for their flowers under the generic name Senecio, as the orange S. Japonicus, and the purple and yellow S. pulcher, which reach nearly or quite 3 inches in diameter. S. argenteus, the silvery senecio, a dwarf 2 inches high, is valued for edgings, and several others for rock-gardens. The most important species, perhaps, are those of the section Cineraria, cultivated under gla , some of which have deep blue rays, a color elsewhere absent from this genus as from most other composite genera. 2. [ l. c.] A member of this genus.