Gallia

GAUL, (gal'le-ah.) [Fr. Gaule. ] (Anc. Geog.) The name by which the country called France by the moderns was known to the Romans. See FRANCE. Gallia, (gal'le-ah,) in Ohio, a S. co., b. by W. Virginia; area, 420 sq. m.; C. Gall i polis. Pop. 25,545. Gallic Acid, (gal'lik.) [From Fr. galle, the gall-nut.] (Chem.) An organic acid contained in most astringent parts of plants. It crystallizes in long, silky needles, slightly soluble in water, but very soluble in alcohol. It isa weak acid, and forms salts with bases. The Gallate of iron is the pp. constituent of black ink. Form. ZHO C14H307. Gallican Church, (gal'le-kan.) [From GALLIA, q. v.] (Eccl. Hist.) The distinctive title of the Roman Catholic Church in France, which, in opposition to ultramontanism, long maintained a certain degree of independence with regard to the see of Rome. The liberties of the Gallican Church were first a erted in the Pragmatic Sanction in 1438, but were defined and confirmed in 1682. It was then decided that the Pope has no temporal power in France, and only a spiritual power limited by canons and councils, and that the decisions of the Holy See are subject to reversal by the body of the clergy. Gallicism, (gal'le-sizm.) [Same der iv.) A French idiom or phrase peculiar to the language, and introduced into the speaking or writing of a foreign tongue. Gallienus, PUBLIUS LUCINIUS VALERIUS, (gal-le-ē'nūs,) son of the emperor Valerian, was B. at Rome, 233 A. D. After the defeat and imprisonment of his father by the Persians, 260, G. ascended the throne, which he soon degraded by his tyranny and profligacy. A a inated by his own soldiers at the siege of Milan, 268, Gallinæ, (gal'le-ne.) (Zool.) A sub-order of birds, comprising the true Rasores. It comprehends the Peacock, Pheasant, Turkey, Partridge, Grouse, Domestic Cock, . Gallinule. (Zool.) See RALLIDE. Gallipoli, (gal-lip'o-le,) (anc. Gall i polis,) a fortified seaport ofS. Italy, p. Otranto, on the E. side of the Gulf ofTarento, 28 m. W.S.W. of Otranto. It is noted for its extensive exports of olive oil. Pop. 10,128.- A seaport of European Turkey, p. Roumelia, at the junction of the Hellespont with the Sea of Marmora, 90 m. S. of Adrianople. It forms the chief rendezvous of the im, peri al navy. Pop. 50,000.- The PENINSULA OF G. forms the barrier bet. the Gulf of Saros and the Ægean Sea and the Hellespont, being 62 m in length, with a fluctuating width of from 4 to 12 m. [s. 392]