South Australia on the west

It is traversed from north to south near the coast by a range of mountains, beyond which are vast plains in the interior. The great river system is that of the Murray. The chief industry is stock raising, and especially sheep-farming. There are mines of gold, silver, coal, copper, and tin. The exports include wool, tallow, leather, tin, copper, and silver. The executive is vested in a governor, with a cabinet of 10 ministers. The legislative power is vested in a legislative council and a legislative a embly. A penal settlement was established at Botany Bay in 1788. The development of the wool industry commenced under Governor Macquarie about 1810-20. Gold, though known in 1823, was not worked till 1851. The transportation of convicts ceased in 1853. Area, 310,700 square miles. Population (1893), estimated, 1,223,370. New Spain (spān), Sp. Nueva España (nö-ā'vä es-pän'yä). The colonial name of the country now called Mexico. It was first applied by GriJalva (1518) to Yucatan and Tabasco, and was extended by Cortés to all his conquests. Under the viceroys the name was also used for a much larger territory (see New Spain , Viceroyalty of), but New Spain proper, or the kingdom of New Spain, corresponded to the district under the jurisdiction of the audience of Mexico, the present southern Mexico, embracing (nearly) the modern states of Yucatan, Campeche, Tabasco, Vera Cruz, Hidalgo, Guanajuato, Michoacan, Colima, Mexico, More los, Tlaxcala, Puebla, Guerrero, and Oajača. New Spain, Viceroyalty of. The region governed by the viceroys of Mexico. The first viceroy, Mendoza, took po e ion in 1535. Under him, and for some time after, the viceroyalty, in its broadest sense, embraced all the Spanish po e ions in Central and North America, from the southern boundary of Costa Rica, besides the West Indies and the Spanish East Indies - that is, the five audiences of Mexico, Guadalajara, Confines, Santo Domingo, and Manila, and the captaincy-general of Florida. But; except in the first two, the viceroy's powers were very limited, and were soon practically restricted to military defense and a few other matters of general importance. During the 18th century the East Indies and Guatemala or Central America were completely separated. The region generally called New Spain, in which the viceroy had complete authority, consisted for a long time of the three kingdoms of New Spain, New Galicia, and New Leon, corresponding to modern Mexico and the undefined territories of New Mexico, Texas, and California, now included in the United States. In 1793 the northern provinces were separated (see Provincias Intern as ), and there after the viceroyalty corresponded nearly to the Mexico of to-day, excluding southern Coahuila, Durango, Sinaloa, Chihuahua, and Sonora, but including Upper and Lower California. The name Mexico finally supplanted that of New Spain in 1822. New stead Abbey (nūsted ab'i). A building in Nottingham shire, England, 9 miles north of Nottingham: anciently an abbey. It was founded by Henry II. as an atonement for Becket's murder in 1170, and was the home of the family of Lord Byron, obtained by Sir John Byron, his ancestor, at the di olution of the monasteries in 1540. Numerous relics of Lord Byron are preserved in the house. He undertook to keep it up in 1809, with what remained of his fortune, but was obliged to sell it in 1818. New Sweden (swē'dn). A Swedish colony in Delaware, founded in 1638. It was conquered by the Dutch in 1655. New Testament. See Testament . New Timon, The. A satire by Bulwer Lytton, published in 1847. New Toledo. See Nueva Toledo . Newton (nu'ton). A city in Middle sex County, Ma achusetts, situated on the Charles 7 miles west of Boston. It contains the villages of Newton, Auburn dale, West Newton, Newton Upper Falls, Newton Lower Falls, Newton Centre, etc., and is the seat of New ton Theological Institution (Baptist), and Lasell Female Seminary (at Auburn dale). Population (1900), 33,587. Newton, Alfred. Born at Geneva, June 11, 1829. A noted English zoölogist, profe or of zoölogy and comparative anatomy in the Uni versity of Cambridge. He has published "The Zo. ology of Ancient Europe" (1862), an edition of "Yarrell's British Birds," etc.; has written many papers on zoological, and especially on ornithological, subjects; and his "Dictionary of Birds," an expansion of his articles in the ninth edition of the "Encyclopædia Britannica," was published 1893-96. He was president of the British A ociation in 1888. Newton, Sir Charles Thomas. Born 1816: died Nov. 28, 1894. An English archæologist. He graduated at Oxford (Christ Church) in 1837; was appointed a istant curator of antiquities in the British Museum in 1840, and vice-consul at Mytilene in Asia Minor in 1852; discovered the site of the Mausoleum at Halicarna us in 1856; and later excavated at Cnidus and Branch ide. In 1860 he was appointed British consul at Rome, and from 1861 to 1885 was keeper of Greek and