Sumption.

a hectic manner. gramme, from Gr. ekaton , and gramma , a gramme.] A [Fr. hecto- French measure of weight = 100 grains = 1,543-4 Eng- Hectolitre, ( hek - to - le'tr ,) n. [Fr., from Gr. hekaton , and lish grains. litra, a pound. See LITRE.] A French measure of volume = 100 litres = 6,102-8 English cubic inches. Hectometer, Hectometer. n. [From Gr. heka- Hectometre, ( hek - to - ma'tr .) n. [Fr., from Gr. hekaton , at on, and metron, measure.] See HECTOMETRE. and metron , measure. See METRE.) A French measure of length 100 metres 3,937 English inches. Trojan war he fought gloriously against the most Hector, the bravest of the Trojans, the son of Priam and Hecuba, and husband to And rom ache. During the redoubtable of the Greek warriors, Ajax and Diomede, and killed a number of their best leaders; among others Patroclus, the friend of Achilles, who was roused into activity in order to avenge his death, and who, after chasing H. three times around the walls of Troy, pierced him with his spear. His body was thrown to the dogs to be devoured, but his father supplicating Achilles, it was given up to him, and was buried in Troy, where funeral sacrifices were offered to him as a hero. Hec'tor, n. [From Hector , the son of Priam, and leader of the Trojans.] A bully: aswash-buckler; a blusterer; a noisy, turbulent fellow; one who worries, browbeats, or annoys. "We'll drink to this celestial hector." - Prior. -. a. To threaten; to bully; to browbeat; to act toward with insolence; hence, to torment by irritating words; to tease; to worry; to annoy. "Fortune's a drudge, when hector'd by the brain."- Dryden. -. n. To play the bully; to be insolent; to bluster; to act in a browbeating manner. "Don Carlos made her chief director That she might o'er the servants hector." - Swift . Hector, in Indiana , a post-village of Jay co., on the L E. & W. R.R. Hec'tor, in New York , a post-town and township of Schuyler co., on the Lehigh Valley R. R. and bordering on Seneca Lake, about 15 m. W. of Ithaca. Hec'tor, in Pennsylvania , a post-township of Potter co. Hec'torism, n. Practice of a bully or hector. Hec'torly, a. Blustering; bullying; resembling a hector. Hectostere (hek'to-ster), n. [Fr. from Gr. hekaton , and stereos , solid.] A French measure of capacity or bulk 100 cubic metres - 3531-741 English cubic feet. Hed'dings, in New York , a P. O. of Tompkins co. Hed'dle, n.; pl . HEDDLES. ( Weaving .) One of the sets of parallel double threads which are arranged in sets, and, with their mounting, compose the harne employed to guide the warp threads to the lathe or batten; heald. Heddle-eye, is the eye or loop formed in each heddle to receive a warp thread. Hed'enbergite, n. ( Min .) A variety of Pyroxene, q. v., containing lime and protoxide of iron. Hedeo'ma, n. [Gr. hedus , sweet.] ( Bot .) A genus of plants, order Lamiacea . The species H. pulegioides , the Pennyroyal, is a small, strong-scented herb, half a foot high, common in dry pastures in the N. and Middle States, and flowering all summer. It is much used as an emmenagogue, and also occasionally as a stimulant and carminative. Hed'era, n. [Lat., ivy.] ( Bot . ) The Ivy, a genus of European plants, order Araliaceæ . H. helix is the well known climbing evergreen which grows over old trees and walls. The gardeners of the last century frequently trained it into fanciful shapes, as of human figures and birds, on skeletons of wire-work. Its black berries increase during the winter, and ripen in April, furnishing food for wild pigeons and songbirds in the spring. Sheep eat the leaves in severe weather. Medicinally, the ivy is reputed to be diaphoretic, and its berries are emetic and purgative. There are Fig . 1260. - THE COMMON IVY, (Hedera heliz.) several varieties in our gardens. Hedera cio us, ( hěd - er -a's hus,) a. Resembling, relat ing to, or producing ivy. Hed'eral, a. Pertaining to, or composed of ivy. Hederiferous, a. [Lat. hedera , ivy, and ferre, to bear.] Producing ivy. Hed'erose, a. Belonging to ivy; abounding in ivy. Hedge, (hej.) n. [A.S. hege.] The best cla of fence that we have, with the exception of a stone or brick wall, and one of the most lasting safeguards against trespa ers. A hedge is constructed of most kinds of trees and shrubs, but the best is, undoubtedly, one which is made of shrubs of a thorny nature, and of these, holly is the best plant for the purpose. The method of procedure by which hedges are formed is very simple, and consists, after the trees or shrubs have been planted, in cutting off their tops, and shortening their side-branches, by which means an undergrowth of smaller branches is obtained, and the hedge made thick and spreading; a compact ma of vegetation spreading in every direction, and nearly impenetrable. With holly hedges , however, more pains must be taken, as the ground has to be carefully prepared by manuring and trenching; the holly-shoots must also be judiciously planted after midsummer, when the soil is moist from recent rain-falls, and a convenient space must be left between the plants, in order to enable them to spread their roots, and derive ample nourishment from required; also elder, which is such a rapid grower, that Hedger, n. One who makes or repairs hedges. a complete hedge is soon obtained after planting; it has Hedge'row, n. A row or series of shrubs, trees, or also got another merit, and that is, that cattle do not eat bushes, planted to form an inclosure. its branches. In gardens, privet hedges are more common Hedge'-school, n. In Ireland, a school kept at the than those composed of other shrubs, and in fields and side of a hedge, or in the open air. grounds, the Osage orange, and after it the hemlock, and Hedge'-sparrow, n . (Zool.) See ACCENTOR. arbor vitæ, are the hedges which are by far the most Hedge'-stake, n. A stake driven through a hedge generally adopted. In France and Holland, hedges are as a support. often trained along stakes and rods, which have been Hedg'esville, in New York , a P. O. of Steuben co. placed for the purpose; these hedges have a very light Hedg'esville, in W. Virginia , a post-village of Berke and pleasing effect, from their neatne and regularity. ley co. Hedge, v . a . To inclose with a hedge; to fence with a Hedge'-writer, n . A low, mean author; a poetaster; thicket of shrubs, thorns, or small trees; to separate by a grub-street writer. a hedge; as, to hedge a garden. - To obstruct with a Hedg'ing-bill, n. Same as HEDGE-BILL, q. v. hedge, or to hedge in any manner; to interpose, as with a barrier.- To fortify; to guard; to protect; to encircle for defence; to hem in. "There's such divinity doth hedge a king."- Shaks . -To inclose for preventing escape; - often before in . "That is a law to hedge in the cuckoo."-Locke. To hedge a bet. ( Sports .) To bet for and against; that is, after making a bet on one side, to make a counter bet on the other side, thus guarding against much lo , let the result be what it may. -v. n. To hide one's self, as in a hedge; to skulk; to slink out of sight. ( Sports .) To bet on both sides; as, I have hedged on the race. Hedge'-bill, Hedg'ing-bill, n. A bill-hook; a cutting-hook used in topping and dre ing hedges. Hedge'-born, a. Of low birth, as if born under a hedge; obscure; outlandish; as, “a hedge -born swain." Shaks . Hedge'-bote, n. Materials for the repairs of hedges allowed to a tenant. for evil purposes. Hedge'-creeper, n. One who skulks under hedges Hedgehog, n. ( Zool .) The common name of the genus of insectivorous quadrupeds Erinaceus , all the species of which belong to Europe and Asia. The common H. , though having a formidable appearance, is one of the most harmle creatures in existence. It may be thus described: -The back covered with sharp, strong spines, about an inch long, with the power of rolling itself up in a ball by means of appropriate muscles; muzzle pointed; tail short; and each foot five-toed, and armed with robust claws; the head is very conical; the ears short, broad, and rounded; the eyes prominent; the body oblong, and conical above; and the legs short, al- most naked, and of a dusky color. It is about 10 inches in length, and its color is generally a gray-brown. Its close covering of sharp spines, which are firmly fixed in its tough skin, and sufficiently elastic to bear great violence without breaking, protects it from falls or blows, and as effectually secures it from the attacks of an enemy; for when molested, it instantly rolls itself into a kind of ball, and presents nothing but its prickles to the foe; and the more the animal is irritated and Hedg'man's River, in Virginia , joins Thomson's River in Culpepper co. to form the N. Fork of the Rappahannock River. Hedjaz, ( hed'jas ,) or EE HE'JAZ, one of the five grand divisions of the peninsula of Arabia, bounded N. by the desert of Syria, E. by the Nedjd, S. by Yemen, W. by the Red Sea, and on the N.W. by Egypt. Area , 95,000 sq. m. H. is mountainous, and has on the N. the celebrated mountains Horeb and Sinai. No rivers, but some springs and wells, which dry up during the summer. Prod . Balm, myrrh, and frankincense, and the finest Arabian horses are raised in H. It is especially famous as containing Mecca and Medina, the two great objects of Mohamme- dan pilgrimage. Hedon'ic, a. [Gr. hedonikos .] Belonging to pleasure. Hedonic Sect . ( Philos .) Same as CYRENAICS, q. v. Hedonism, n. ( Philos .) The doctrines enunciated by the CYRENAICS, q. v. Hedonist, n. One of the Hedonic sect. Hedyo'tis, n. [Gr. hedus , sweet, and otos , the ear; said to cure deafne . ( Bot .) The Ear-worts, a genus of plants, order Rubiacea . They are herbs, many species of which are American, and among them H. carulea, the Innocence, or Dwarf Pink, an elegant little plant, found in moist grounds, fields, and road-sides. Its blos- soms appear early, and are usually found in patches of considerable extent, covering the surface of the ground with a cerulean hue. The cauline leaves are small, opposite, lance-ovate. Stems very slender, forked, 3-5 high, each branch bearing a flower. Corolla pale blue, yellowish at the centre. Hed'yphane, n. ( Min .) A variety of MIMETITE, 9. v. It is mainly composed of arseniate of lead, with some phosphate and arseniate of lime. Hedysarum, n. [Gr. hedus , sweet, and aroma , smell; some of the species being fragrant.) ( Bot .) A genus of herbaceous plants, order Fabaceæ . Heed, v . a . [A. S. hedan; D. hoeden; Dan. hytle; Ger. hüten , to look after, to guard; Icel. halld , guardianship; probably allied to Gr. kêdomaa , to be concerned for; Sansk. chad , to cover.] To guard; to watch; to look to or after; to mind; to regard with care; to take notice of; to attend to; to observe. "With pleasure Argus the musician heeds ." - Dryden. observation; regard. alarmed, the more firmly does it contract itself, and -n. Care: attention; caution; notice; circumspection; the more stiff and strong does its bristly panoply be- come. Thus rolled up, it patiently waits till the danger is past. The cat, the weasel, the ferret, and the marten soon decline the combat; and though a well-trained wire-haired terrier, or a fox, may now and then be found to open a H. , it generally remains impenetrable and se- cure. From this state of security, in fact, it is not easily forced, scarcely anything but cold water obliging it to Fig . 1261.- THE HEDGEHOG. unfold itself. - The usual food of the H. is beetles, worms, slugs, and snails; it is also said to devour fruit, the roots "Thou must take heed , my Portius." - Add is on. -Fearful attention; close watch for danger; cautious scrutiny. - Serious regard; respectful notice or observation. -v. n. "No heed is given to what he says." - L'Estrange. To mind; to consider; to pay attention to. Heed'ful, a. Giving heed; attentive; observing; watchful; wary; cautious; circumspect; as, heedful of advice, heedful care. Heed'fully, adv . Attentively; carefully; cautiously; watchfully. Heedfulne , n. Quality of being heedful; attention; caution: watchfulne ; circumspection; vigilance; warine . Heed'le , a. Inattentive; carele ; remi ; negligent; thoughtle ; regardle ; unobserving. Heed'le ly, adv . In a heedle manner; carele ly; negligently; inattentively. Heed le ne , n. Quality of being heedle ; in at tention; carele ne ; thoughtle ne ; negligence, of plants, and certain other vegetable substances, while Heel, n. [A.S. hel ; Du . hiel ; probably allied to Gr. it shows itself not so restricted as has been thought in its choice of animal food-eggs, frogs, toads, mice, and even snakes occasionally, serving for its repast. The H. is strictly nocturnal, remaining coiled up in its re- treat during the day, and wandering about nearly all the night in search of food. It generally resides in small thickets, in hedges, or in ditches covered with bushes, making a hole about 6 or 8 inches deep, which it lines with mo , gra , or leaves. The hibernation of the H is undoubted; although it lays up no store for the win- ter, it retires to its hole, and in its warm, soft nest of mo and leaves it lies secure from the rigors of the frost and the violence of the tempest, pa ing the dreary season in a profoundly torpid state. The female pro- duces from 2 to 4 young ones early in the summer, which at their birth are blind, and covered with soft white spines, which in 2 or 3 days become hard and elastic. The flesh of these animals, though generally rejected as human food, is said to po e a very delicate flavor. ( Bot .) See MEDICAGO. the soil. On account of ite slow growth, holly takes a long -A kind of dredging-apparatus. time to mature into a good hedge, and consequently it is Hedge-hys's op. n. ( Bot .) See GRATIOLA. not so often used for the purpose as it would otherwise be. Hedge le , a . Without a hedge or hedges. Yew forms a close and durable hedge, when well and Hedge'-marriage, n. A clandestine marriage. carefully clipped, and for gardens and nursery-grounds, Hedge'-note, n. A term of contempt for mean writing. where shade is required as well as protection, a yew Hedge'-pig, n. A young hedgehog. "Thrice and once the hedge - pig whined." - Shaks. hedge is preferable to any other. Beech, lime, and horn- beam are used when high hedges and strong fences are Hedge'-priest, n. A low, illiterate priest. hēlos , a nail, a knot, a protuberance.] The part of the foot which protuberates behind; the hinder part of the foot, and, sometimes, the whole foot; -in man and quadrupeds. The hinder part of a shoe, stocking, sock, . Something shaped like the human heel; protuberance; a swelling; a knob; a projection. - The closing or latter part of anything, as of a legislative se ion. - A spur, in application to its being adjusted to the heel of a boot; as, to ply a horse with the heel. (Naut.) The after extremity of a ship's keel. - The foot of a mast, boom, bowsprit, . (Arch.) A cyma revers a, so called by workmen. ( Gwilt .)-That part of a rafter which rests on the wall plate. To heel over. ( Naut .) To incline to one side; as, the ship heeled over to port. -Neck and heels, the entire length of the body; as, he fell neck and heels. - To go heels over head, to turn over after the manner of a Bomerset; hence, to go about anything rashly or unadvisedly. To have the heels of, to be the swifter of in running. To beat the heels of, to follow hard upon; to pursue closely. "Want! ugly want is at my heels , and chases me in view." Otu ay. To lay by the heels , to fetter; to shackle; to imprison. To be out at the heels , to wear ragged stockings on one's feet; hence, to be poverty-stricken, or in bad con dition. "A good man's fortune may grow out at heels." - Shaks. The American Dictionary and Cyclopedia many, in the grand-duchy of Baden, at the foot of the Kaiserstuhl, on the Neckar, abt. 12 m. above its conflu- ence with the Rhine at Mannheim, 30 N. of Carlsruhe, and 48 m. S. of Frankfort-on-the-Main. The city is pic- turesquely situated in the valley of the Neckar, and is an ancient, but gloomy and ill-built place. The Schlo , or palace of the electors-palatine, is, perhaps, excepting the Alhambra, the most picturesque ruin in Europe, ( Sports .) To arm with a gaff for fighting; as, to heel exhibiting as it does many varieties of med iæval arch i- a cock. Heel'er, n. ( Sports .) A cock that strikes well with his heels. Heel'-piece, n. A patch of leather on the heel of a boot or shoe. - Armor for the heels. heel-piece of a book. tecture. In one of the cellars of this palace is the famous tun of Heidelberg, (constructed in 1751, and empty since 1769,) which is said to be capable of holding 283,200 bottles. The terrace and gardens command fine views, extending as far S. as the dusky outline of the Vosges. The university of H. is, excepting that of Prague, the oldest in Germany, having been founded by Rupert II., elector-palatine of the Rhine, in 1386. H. has no trade of any importance. The date of the foun- dation of this city is not known. The period between 1382 and the opening of the Thirty Years' War, appears to have been the era of its greatest prosperity, for it then displayed all the splendor arising from a flourishing trade, and the residence of the court of the electors- palatine. H. was taken and plundered by the Bavarians in 1622; sacked by Turenne in 1674, and ravaged by the French in 1689 and in 1693. The electors removed their Heidelberg, in Pennsylvania , a township of Berks residences to Mannheim in 1719. Pop . (1895) 32,900. -A township of Lebanon co. Heerlen, ( hare'len ,) a town of the Netherlands, 14 m. N. of Maestricht. Manuf . Needles, linen, and beer; a -A township of Lehigh co. trade of considerable extent in cattle is also carried on. Pop. 4,780. Heft, n. [Icel. hofgi , weight.] Weight; ponderosity of substance. (Used as Provincial English, and collo- quially in the U. States.) - The bulk of anything. (An American colloquialism.) -A township of York co. Heid'lersburg, in Pennsylvania , a post-village of Adams co., abt. 26 m. S.S.W. of Harris burg. Heifer, ( hef'er ,) n. [A. S. heafre, heafore; probably akin to Heb. para , a heifer, fem. of par , a young bul- lock.] A young cow. Heigh-ho, (hiho,) interj. An exclamation indicating "No thirsty heifers seek the gliding flood."-Pope. some degree of languor or uneasine . Height, ( hit ,) n. [A. S. heahtho, heatho-he ah, high. See HIGH.] Elevation above the ground; any indefinite distance above the earth; eminence. - The altitude of an object; the distance which anything rises above its foot, basis, or foundation; as, the height of a spire, the height of a mountain. "I know she is about my height ." ( Shaks .)- An eminence; a summit; an elevated part of anything; a hill or mountain; any elevated ground; as, the heights of Abraham, Alpine heights . - Elevation of rank or dignity; elevation in power, learning, fame, reputation, .; preeminence; advanced station of social rank; prominence; distinction; as, the height of fame. -Furthest exertion; utmost degree of extent or force; full completion; as, the height of a crisis, the height of happine , misery, folly, good-breeding, ., the height of a gale, height of a fever. IMG:content-0550.jpg:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0551.jpg:[graphic] Heinous, (ha'nus,) a. [Fr. haineuz - haine , hatred, malice, from hair , to hate, from obs. Lat. odire , pr. inf in. of Lat. odi , odi e , to hate.] Hateful; odious; - hence, characterized by great wickedne ; flagrant; enormous; aggravated; monstrous; abominable; flagitious; atro- Hei'nously, adv . In a heinous manner; hatefully; cio us; as, a heinous sin, heinous sacrilege. monstrously; flagrantly. Hei'nousne , n . State or quality of being heinous; hatefulne ; odiousne ; enormity; as, the heinousne of a crime. IMG:content-0552.png:[graphic] Height'en, v. a. To raise higher; to elevate; to make high; as, to heighten a house by the addition of a story. -To advance in progre toward a better state; to ameliorate; to improve; to increase in excellence; as, to heighten a poetical description. - To aggravate; to augment in violence, as distre ; to intensify; to ad- vance towards a worse state. "Foreign states used their endeavors to heighten our confusions." Add is on. -To make prominent by means of contrast; to set off to advantage by touches of light or brilliant colors; to make brighter; as, to heighten a tint. "O fair undre ! it heightens ease with grace."- Thomson . Heil, v . a . [A. S.] To cover; to tile. (o.) Height'ener, n. One who, or that which, heightens. Würtemberg, near the Neckar, 25 m. N. of Stuttgart. Heilbronn, ( hil'bron ,) a town of South Germany, in In the outskirts of the town is a square tower, in which Götz von Berlichingen (the hero of one of Göthe's dra- mas) was confined in 1525. Manuf . Woollen cloths, Heiligenstadt, a town of Pru ia, in Saxony, on the hats, brandy, paper, white-lead, tobacco, . Leine, at its confluence with the Gaislade, 47 m. N.W. Heil'ing, n. See HELING. Hei'ne, HE IN RICH, a celebrated German poet and lité- rateur, was B. of Jewish parents, in Dü eldorf, in 1800. Intended for a mercantile career, he was sent to Ham- burg for the nece ary training, but after several years' trial he preferred to study law, and went to the new university of Bonn, where he became a pupil and friend of August W. Schlegel. He afterwards studied at Berlin and Göttingen; became acquainted with the philosophy of Spinoza and Hegel; a ociated at Berlin with Varn- hagen von Ense and his gifted wife, with Chami o, graduated LL.D., and in 1825 renounced Judaism and Grabbe, and other leading literary characters of the day; profe ed Christianity. The change, however, was merely formal, as he had apparently no religious faith, and rid i- culed all forms alike. He led an unsettled life for some Heir, ( ar,) n. [O. Fr. heir, here; Lat. heres.] (Law.) Ile who is born or begotten in lawful wedlock, and upon whom the law casts the estate in lands, tenements, or hereditaments immediately upon the death of his ances- tor . Heir - apparent , he who (by law or custom) must succeed, by descent, to the hereditaments, if he survive the present holder. Heir-pre sump tire, he who stands nearest in succe ion in the present circumstances, Lut whose rights may be defeated by the contingency of -One who inherits or takes from an ancestor; or who re- some nearer heir being born. ceives anything from another, in the manner of an heir; -v. a. as, the heir of a glorious race, the heirs of shame. To inherit; to take po e ion of an estate or in- her it ance after the death of the ancestor. (R.) literary ventures. After the French revolution of July, years, irritated and depre ed by the failure of his first Heir-apparʼency, n. State or position of being an 1830, he settled at Paris, frequently, however, travelling Heir'dom, n. State of an heir; succe ion by inheri- Heirle , a. Without, or wanting an heir. A female heir, or a female who inherits in various parts of Europe. About 1835 he married a French lady, whose faithful ministrations alleviated the ralysis in 1847 he lost the sight of one eye, and the fol- bitter sufferings of his last years. By an attack of pa- Heir'e , n. an estate.