ANGOLA

general name for whole of Port. terr. in W. Africa, having Congo Free State on N. and N.E.,|in British Central Africa on 8S. and S.E., protectorate of 8.W. Africa (formerly German S8.W. Africa) on S., and Atlantic on W. Area, 484,000 sq. m. Extensive mt. range in N. forming watershed between Atlantic-flowing and Congo-flowing rivers. S. is great plateaus (alt. 5,000-6,500 ft. highest peak in watered; chief riv. Coanza (520 m., navigable 200 m. up); interior cool and dry; in low-lying parts malaria endemic. Natural resources chiefly vegetable, but also copper, iron, malachite, petroleum, salt, and auriferous deposits. Exports rubber, beeswax, oil, palm kernels, palm oil, sugar, corn, beans, cotton, and whale-fishing products; transit of goods free of customs duty (Noy. 1913); total length of railways open, 818 m. (1916); others proposed to link up with Central African Rys.; colony sends two deputies to Port. parliament; under governor residing at Loanda, cap.; chief ports, Ambriz, Pop. chiefly Bantu-Negro, between 4,000,000 and 7,000,000. Colony has belonged to Portugal since 1575 (Dutch 1641-8). See Map Arrica.