Fros in one (fro-se-no'ne), Hernican Frusino, England, Oct

12, 1845. An English phil an thro IMG:content-0436.png:[blocks in formation] Fro ard (fro-sär'), Charles Auguste. Born at Versailles, France, Aug. 26, 1807: died at Château-Villain, Haute-Marne, France, Sept. 1, 1875. A French general. He served in Algeria 1833-40; was engaged in the Crime an war, particularly before Sevastopol, and was promoted general; commanded the second corps of the army of the Rhine in the Franco German war; was defeated at Spicheren, Aug. 6, 1870; and was captured on the fall of Metz. Frost (frost), Arthur B. Born at Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 17, 1851. An American artist, best known as an illustrator. Frost, Jack. In English nursery folk-lore, a personification of frost or cold. Froth (frôth). A foolish gentleman in Shakspere's comedy "Measure for Measure." Froth, Lord. A solemn, foolish fop with a coquettish wife, wife, in Congreve's comedy "The Double Dealer." pist, a minister of the Society of Friends. She was especially noted as a promoter of prison reform. Fry (fri), Francis. Born at Westbury-on-Trym, near Bristol, Oct. 28, 1803: died at Bristol, Nov. 12, 1886. An English bibliographer. He was a partner in the firm of J. S. Fry and Sons, cocoa and chocolate manufacturers at Bristol. He published "The First New Testament printed in the English Language (1525 or 1526), translated from the Greek by William Tyndale, reproduced in facsimile, with an Introduction" (1862), "The Souldiers Pocket Bible, printed at London by G. B. and R. W. for G. C. 1643, reproduced in facsimile, with an Introduction" (1862), "The Christian Soldiers Penny Bible: London, printed by R. Smith for Sam. Wade, 1693, reproduced in facsimile, with an Introductory Note" (1862), etc. Fry, William Henry. Born at Philadelphia, Aug., 1815: died in Santa Cruz, West Indies, Dec. 21, 1864. An American composer and journalist. Fryken (fri'ken). A series of lakes in Sweden, north of Lake Wener, into which their waters Frothing ham (froth'ing-am), Nathaniel flow. Langdon. Born at Boston, July 23, 1793: died Fryxell (früks'el), Anders. Born at He els- at Boston, April 4, 1870. An American clergy man and writer. He was pastor of a Unitarian church at Boston, Ma achusetts, 1815-50. Author of "Metrical Pieces, Translated and Original" (1855). Frothing ham, Octavius Brooks. Born at Boston, Ma ., Nov. 26, 1822: died Nov. 27, 1895. An American Unitarian clergyman (t (till 1880) and author, son of N. L. Frothing ham. Among his works are "Religion of Humanity" (1873), "Transcendentalism in New England" (1876), a life of Theodore Parker (1874), "Creed and Conduct" (1877), "Life of George Ripley" (1883), etc. Frothing ham, Richard. Born at Charles town, Ma ., Jan. 31, 1812. An American historian, journalist, and politician. His works include "His tory of the Siege of Boston" (1849), and other books on American history. Froude (fröd), James Anthony. Born at Darting ton, Devons hire, April 23, 1818: died Oct. 20, 1894. A noted English historian. He was educated at Westminster School and at Oriel College, Oxford. There he came under the influence of the Tractarian movement, his brother Richard Hurrell Froude being one of its leaders. He became fellow of Exeter in 1842, and took deacon's orders in 1844. For some time he was connected with the High-Church party under Newman. A change in his views caused him to abandon his fellow He ship and his profe ion, and he devoted himself entirely to literature, formally resigning his deacon's orders in 1872. In the same year he lectured in the United States on the relations between England and Ireland. In 1874 he was sent on a mi ion to the Cape of Good Hope, afterward went to Australia and the West Indies. In 1892 he was elected regius profe or of modern history at Oriel College, Oxford, as succe or to Freeman. He wrote a "History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Defeat of the Spanish Armada" (1856-70), "The English kog, Dalsland, Sweden, Feb. 7, 1795: died at Stockholm, March 21, 1881. A Swedish his tori an. He wrote "Berättelser ur Svenska Historien" ("Narratives from Swedish History," 1823-79), etc. F.'s Aunt (efz änt), Mr. A legacy left by Mr. F. to his wife, in Dickens's "Little Dorrit." Fuad Pasha (fö'äd fö'äd pash'a), Me hemmed (Mehmed). Born at Constantinople, Jan. 17, 1814: died at Nice, France, Feb. 12, 1869. A noted Turkish statesman. He abandoned in 1835 the practice of medicine for a diplomatic career. In 1848 he was appointed Ottoman commi ioner to settle the revolutionary disputes in the principalities of Moldavia and Wall a chia. He became minister of foreign affairs in 1852, Owing to the attitude of Ru ia, whose ill will he is said to have excited by a publication on the question of the holy sepulchers, he resigned in the spring of 1853, but resumed office on the outbreak of the Crime an war later in the same year. He became grand vizir in 1861, a post which he retained until 1866. He introduced European improvements for the sake of the material advantages to be gained from them, but in doing so increased the financial difficulties of the Porte by the adoption of a wasteful and unsound financial policy. Fuca, Juan de. See Juan de Fuca . Fuchs (föks), Johann Nepomuk von. Born at Mattenzell, near Bremberg, Bavaria, May 15, 1774: died at Munich, March 5, 1856. A German chemist and mineralogist, profe or of mineralogy at the University of Land shut 18261852: noted for his discovery (1823) of soluble gla and its application to stereochromy. Fuchs, Konrad He in rich. Born at Bamberg, Bavaria, Dec. 7, 1803: died at Göttingen, Pru ia, Dec. 2, 1855. A German physician, pro Fulah fe or of pathology at Göttingen 1838-55. Ho wrote "Die krankhaften Veränderungen der Haut' (18401841), "Lehrbuch der speziellen No so logie und Therapie" (1845-48), etc. Fuchs, Leon hard. Born at Wembdingen, Bavaria, Jan. 17, 1501: died at Tübingen, Würtemberg, May 10, 1566. A German physician and botanist, author of "De hist or i a stirpium " (1542), etc. Fucino (fö-chēnō), Lago di, also called Lago di Celano. A lake in central Italy, near the towns of Avezzano and Celano: the ancient Lacus Fucinus. It was drained by Prince Torlonia, who began the work in 1852. It was partially drained in the reign of Claudius. It had no outlet, and measured 37 miles in circumference. Fucinus (fu'si-nus), Lacus. See Fucino . Fudge Family in Paris, The. A satire by Thomas Moore, published in 1818. "The Fudge Family in England," a sequel, was afterward published. Fuegians (fu-e'ji-anz). A general name of the Indians of Tierra del Fuego. They comprise three distinct races - the Yahgans or Yapoos, the Onas or Aonik, and the Aliculufs. Judging from their languages, these represent three different stocks. They are all very degraded savages, having no chiefs and only very loose family ties. They live in wretched huts, go almost naked though the climate is severe, and subsist by hunting and fishing. They make excellent bark canoes, and are very skilful in using them. Pedro de. Fuenclara, Count of. See Cebrian y Agustin , Fuenleal (fwen-lā-äl'), Sebastian Ramirez de. Born in the province of Cuenca about 1480: died at Valladolid, Jan. 22, 1547. A Spanish ecclesiastic and administrator. He was succe ively inquisitor of Seville, member of the audience of Granada, bishop of Santo Domingo in the West Indies (1524), and From president of the audience of that island (1527). 1531 to 1536 he ruled Mexico as president of the audience of New Spain: under him order was restored, abuses were reformed, and the Indians protected. He was friendly to Cortés. Returning to Spain, he was succe ively bishop of presidenten was made bishop of Cuenca Fuenterrabia (fwen-ter-ra-be'ä), or Font arabia (fon-ta-ra bi-a). A town in the province of Guipuzcoa, Spain, situated on the Bid as so a in lat. 43° 22′ N., long. 1° 50′ W. It is noted for its fortre (until 1794), and for the pa age of the Bid as so a here by Wellington in 1813. Milton confounds it with and of of Valladolid. Roncesvalles. Fuentes de Onoro (fwen'tes de ō-nō'rō). A village in the province of Salamanca, western Spain, 14 miles west-southwest of Ciudad Rodrigo. Here, May, 1811, Wellington checked the French under Ma éna. Fuerte, or Villa del Fuerte (vēl'yä del fwer'tā). A small town in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico, situated on the river Fuerte about lat. 26° 45′ N., long. 108° 25′ W. Fugger (fük'er). A Swabian family of ennobled merchants, famous in the 16th century. It traces its descent from Johannes Fugger, a weaver, who lived at Graben, near Augsburg, in the first half of the 14th century. Fugitive-Slave Law. In United States history, an act included the "Omnibus Bill" (1850), securing to slaveholders additional facilities in the recovery of runaway slaves. Fuhchow, or Foochow (fö-chou'). A seaport and the capital of the province of Fuhkien, China, situated near the mouth of the river Min in lat. 26° 5' N., long. 119° 20′ E. It has a very large trade, especially in tea, is a noted mi ion station, contains The port was opened to foreign trade in 1842. Population, 636,000. Fuhkien (fö-ke-en'), or Fokien (fō-ke-en'). A maritime province of China, bounded by Chekiang on the north, the channel of Formosa on the east, Kwangtung on the southwest, and Kiangsi on the west and northwest. Area, about 47,000 square miles. Population, upward of 20,000,000. Führich (füʼrich), Joseph von. Born at Kratzau, Bohemia, Feb. 9, 1800: died at Vienna, March 13, 1876. A noted Austrian historical painter. He was much occupied with scriptural subjects. Fuji-san (föʻje-sän'), or Fuji-yam a (föʻje-yä'mä), le correctly Fusi-yam a (fö'sē-yä'mä). An extinct volcano and the highest mountain of Japan, situated 70 miles west-southwest of Tokio. There has been no eruption since 1707. It is a resort of pilgrims, and figures largely in Japanese art. Height, 12,365 feet. Fulah, or Fula (fö'lä), plural Fulbe. ['Light brown,' 'red.] A great African nation, scattered through the Sudan from Senegal to Wadai, and south to Adamawa: their language is called Fulfulde . They are variously cla ed with the Hamites, the negroes, and, in the Nuba-Fulah group, with the Nubas of the Nile valley. They seem to be e entially Hamitic, having branched off from the Berbers or the Fulah Somal. Their color is reddish-brown, nose straight, lips regular, hair curly. Where they are mixed with the negroes the skin is darker, the lips are thicker, the hair is more bushy, and the temperament more merry. In their pure state they are proud and grave. The Futa-Toro or Toucouleurs are a mixture of Fulah and Woloff. Pastoral, industrious, warlike, and intelligent, they rule over the agricultural negro tribes of the Sudan. They are dominant in Gando, Sokoto, Adamawa, Ma in a, Segu, Kaarta, and Futa-Jallon. In Bornu, Baghirmi, and Wadai they are not strong enough to command. In religion they are Mohammedans, but tolerant, except the fanatic Toucouleurs. They have a national literature, written with Arabic characters. It was in the beginning of this century, under their poet and leader Otman dan Fodio, that they revolutionized the Sudan, spreading Islam, and founding their great kingdoms, which are not yet on the wane. Their language is peculiar by its initial formations. It is spoken its purest form in Ma in a and Futa-Toro. Owing admixtures of neighboring negro languages and Arabic, five dialects are distinguished according to the countries where they are spoken: namely, Futa-Jalon, Futa-Toro, Sokoto, Hausa, and Bornu. Also called Pul , Felata , Filani .