HISTORY OF MISSIONS

[s. 318] : The true history of mi ions is far more than the mere record of the extension of Christianity. It includes the development of the mi ion idea within the Church as well as its outward application in the conduct of mi ion enterprise. It covers, too, the development of method and organization. The present complicated machinery of mi /ons, which seems to many so cumbrous and so unlike the simple evangelization of the apostolic days, or even of the earlier mi ions of the present era, is really but a growth. Each new wheel or band or cog in the mechanism has been added not to meet a theoretical conception, but an actual need, and no Hlndnlsm 801 history can be complete that does not touch at least upon this element in mi ion progre . The history of mi ions has to do also with the effect of mi ions upon the world apart from the results Aggre ive Islam, reviving usuall)^ tabulated. Hinduism, Buddhism, Shintoism, each must be dealt with in reckoning up the sum total of results It is evident that so wide a of mi ion effort. reach is impracticable within the limits of this work, which must be content with the more common, if narrower, conception of a record of the extension of Christianity through the agency of mi ionary enterprise, merely indicating some of these other topics as suggestive for further reading and study. To facilitate this, the general topic is treated under five titles: Geography of the Extension of Christen dom, summarizing the article in the first edition on the Historical Geography of Misview of the sions, and giving a bird’s-eye extension of Christianity over the world in the Apostolic and Early Chris different periods; tian Mi ions, giving a survey of the general character and methods of the first six centuries; Medieval Mi ions, describing the movements and and influences that made Europe Christian, covering the period up to the Reformation; Roman Catholic Mi ions, from the Reformation to the present day, and Modern Protestant Mis These different sions, covering the same period. articles, of nece ity, somewhat overlap, but no more than seems e ential to the accurate conception of each subject, and the four periods are so distinct that separate treatment is inevitable. HO: A station of the North German Mi ionary Society (1859) in To go land, W. Africa, situated near the western border of the colony, about 60 miles N. by W. of the mouth of the Volta River. It has (1903) 8 mi ionaries, men and women; 31 native workers, men and women; 18 outstations, 21 day schools, and 1,568 profe ed Christians. HOACHANAS A settlement in German Southwest Africa, situated among the Namaqua tribes Staabout 230 miles E. S. E. of Walfisch Bay. tion of the Rhenish Mi ionary Society, with (1903) 1 mi ionary and his wife, 2 native workers, 1 day school, and 286 profe ed Christians.: HOBSON, Benjamin: Born January 2, 1816, at Welford, Eng.; studied medicine in London; sailed July 28, 1839, as a medical mi ionary of the LMS for China., reaching Macao December There he was occupied with his medical work till the beginning of 1843, when he removed to Hong kong, and, on June 1, opened a hospital. In 1859, his health having failed, he returned to England, and, being unable to resume work in China, he retired after a while from the 18. Besides his labors in service of the Society. Chinese hospitals, he wrote and translated into Chinese treatises on anatomy, surgery, medicine, midwifery, and natural philosophy, which have had a very wide circulation. He died at Forest Hill, near London, February 16, 1873. 319