Hellenist

[Fr. Helléniste; Gr. Hellenēstės.] A follower of the Greeks in language, manners, .; a Grecian Jew. -A Grecian; one versed in the Greek language. -pl . The name given to those Jews who, from their foreign birth or travel, used the Greek (Hellenic) language, and who are distinguished under this appellation in the Acts of the Apostles. There were great numbers of Jews scattered throughout the Roman empire at this period, more especially in the Asiatic and E. African provinces, where the Greek was the current language. From their long sojourn in foreign countries, they were distinguished from the Hebraists , or native Jews, by the greater liberality of their views with respect to the tions in front for the admi ion of air, and slits through which the wearer may see the objects around him. This part, which is styled the visor , lifts up by means of a pivot behind each ear. The beaver (from bevere , to drink), used to enable the wearer to eat and drink, is sometimes attached to a close helmet. It covers the mouth and chin when closed, and either lifts up by revolving on the same pivots as the visor, or lets down by means of two or more pivots on each side near the jaws. Over the top of the helm rose an elevated ridge called the crest , which usually represented a lion, a wolf, or some other device to make the warrior appear taller and more terrible. In heraldry, the helmet is placed above and upon the shield, and usually bears the crest. For the various forms used to denote the bear- er's rank or station, see art. HERALDRY. -Anything resembling a helmet in form, situation, .; as, (1.) The upper part of a retort; (2.) The heavy cap of clonds hanging on the summit of a mountain, (used in some parts of England;) (3.) The hooded upper sepal of certain flowers. Hel'me, a river of Pru ia, prov. Saxony, rising in the Hartz Mountains, and falling, after a N.W. course of 45 m., into the Unstrut near Artern. Hell Gate, in Montana , a township of Mi oula co. Helm'et-shaped, a . ( Bot . ) Having the appearance Pop . (1890) 5,433. Hell Gate, or HURL GATE, in New York , a narrow, rocky pa in the East River, about 7 m. N.E. of the Battery. The name is a corruption of the old Dutch word HORLL- GATT, signifying whirl - pa age , or whirlpool strait , which was applied to the place on account of the dangerous eddies formerly produced here at certain tides. The rocks which caused these eddies have been removed and navigation rendered safe. For full account of this operation, see HELL GATE, in SECTION II. Hell-hag, n. A hag of hell; an infernal old witch. Hell'-hated, a. Abhorred as hell; as, "the hell - hated lie." Shaks . Hell'-haunted, a . Haunted by the devil, or infer- nal spirits. Hell'ward, a. Toward hell. " Hellward turn their face." - Pope . Hell'y, a. Having hellish characteristics. Helm, n. [A.S. helm a; Ger. helm, a helve, a handle, probably from halten , to seize, to hold; allied to haben, to have, to hold.] ( Naut .) The mechanism of the steer- age of a ship, comprising three distinct portions-the rudder , the tiller , and the wheel ; though in small craft the last item is commonly wanting. To put the helm a-starboard, is to put the tiller over to the right side; a- port , to the left (or larboard) side; up , to the weather side; down, to the lee side. of a helmet; galeate, as certain flowers. Helmet-shell, n. (Conch.) A family of shells, of which there are several species, mostly found on trop i- cal shores. They are inhabited by molluscous animals (genus Ca is ), some of which grow to a very large size, requiring of course a corresponding magnitude of shell. The back of the Helmet-shell is convex, and the under part flat; the mouth is long and narrow; the lip is strongly serrated, and rises into a high thick border or ledge on the back; and the pil- lar is generally strongly toothed, and beset with small asperities. The shells of the Ca is rufa and other species are beautifully sculptured by Italian artists in imitation of antique cameos, the different layers of coloring-matter resem- bling the onyx and other precious stones formerly used for this purpose. Helms'ley, a town of England, in Yorkshire, near the Rye, 12 m. from Thirsk. Manuf . Cottons and linens. In its vicinity are the remains of the famous abbey of Ri- vaulx. Pop . 4,000. Helms'man, n .; pl . HELMSMEN. ( Naut . ) The man at the helm of a ship; a steersman. Helm's tadt, a town of Pru ia, 21 m. E.N.E. of Bruns- wick. Manuf. Soap, alum, vitriol, chickory, tobacco- pipes, . Pop . 7,420. Hel'mund, a river of Afghanistan, which rises 35 m. N.E. of Cabul, at a height of 11,500 feet above the level of the sea, and after a S.W. course of 400 miles, falls by several mouths into Lake Hamoun. Help, v . a. [A.S. help an ; Ger. helfen ; Icel. hialpa ; Goth. hilpan ; Lith. szelpju ; Sansk. klep , to become the cause of; in one of its forms kalpayumi .] To lend strength or means towards effecting a purpose; to a ist; to aid; to support; as, to help another in his work; to help one in the acquisition of knowledge, . - To succor; to re- lieve; as, to help a fellow-creature in distre , to help a person out of difficulty. - To cure, or to mitigate pain or disease; - frequently with of before the denomination of the sickne or hurt; as, "The true calamus helps cough." -Gerard. Helmholtz, HERMANN LUDWIG FERDINAND, one of the most distinguished German physiologists of the present day, born 1821, in Potsdam, is profe or of physiology at Heidelberg. His scientific reputation was founded on his pamphlet, Ueber die Erhaltung der Kraft , (Berlin, 1847.) He is the discoverer and inventor of the Oph- thalmoscope, for the examination in the ball of the eye, -To remedy; to change for the better. "Love doth to her eyes repair, to help him of his blindne ." Shaks. great revolution in their departments. Hel'mick, in Ohio , a post-office of Cosh oct on co. Hel'minth, n.; pl . HELMINTHES. [Gr. helmius , a worm.] (Zool.) An intestinal worm. ( Min .) A variety of Procolorite , q. v., occurring in slender, worm-like crystals. Helmin'thagogue, n . [Gr. helminthos , a worm, and age in, to drive. ( Med .) Whatever destroys or expels IMG:content-0555.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0556.png:[blocks in formation] Helm'age, n. Direction; guidance; steerage. (R.) Hel'met, or Helm, n. [A.S. helm ; Icel. hialmr .] A piece of defensive armor for the head, which seems to have been worn by the soldiers of all nations from the earliest ages. The ancient casque, head-piece, or helm, was formed of various mater i- als, but chiefly of bra , iron, or the tanned skins of beasts. The helmets of the Greeks and Romans were mostly open, and not unlike IMG:content-0557.png:[blocks in formation] Helmin'thoid, a . [Gr. helmius , worm, and eidos , shape.] Worm-like in structure; belonging to worms. He linin tho logʻic, a . [Fr. helm in tho log i que .] Be- longing to worms; having reference to the history of (Zool.) Pertaining to Helm in tho logical, worms, or their history; helminthologic. Helminthology, n. [ Gr.helmius , and logos , treatise.] The natural history of worms. Helm'le , a. Without a helm. -Wanting a helmet. Hel'mont, JEAN BAPTISTE VAN, a celebrated alchemist, B. at Bru els, 1577. Being rendered independent by his marriage with a lady of property in 1609, he displayed his benevolence by practising his profe ion gratuitous- ly, and devoted his leisure to the studies of which his name has become such a famous representative. It is admitted that he was a great pioneer in chemical dis- covery, but there is also a fund of valuable truth under the obscure terms which are generally regarded as the mere conceits of his imagination. The archeus , for ex- ample, which makes a conspicuous figure in his works, is the mover of all the functions in the animal economy, and may be regarded as the vital aura which was in this century the subject of so much popular curiosity, and the ridicule of so many learned profe ors. It was from the archeus that Barthez derived his idea of a vital prin- ciple, and operated a revolution in physiology. The same element, or spiritual e ence of life, is recognized by nearly all the old philosophers under different names, and there is now every prospect of its coming within the pale of experimental philosophy. Of course, it is not pretended to deny that Helmont's works abound in crude notions, and wild fantastic theories, but even in these cases the imaginative may often find the road to some true, and now forgotten principle, from which the author wandered away in the ignes-fatui with which he surrounded himself. Apart from all this, he was a per- fect master of his art, and there is evidence of the as- tonish ing cures he performed as a physician. He died a tie, a bond, a fastening.] The border of a garment, doubled and sewed to strengthen it, and prevent the ravelling of the threads. - Edge; border; margin; con- fine; as, the " hem of the sea." - Shaks . -v . a. To form, as a hem or border; to fold and sew down, as the edge of cloth to strengthen it; as, to hem a hand- kerchief. To border; to edge. To hem around, in, or about , to inclose; to surround; to environ; to confine. Hel'ter-skel'ter, adv . [Du. holder - de - bolder , topsy-v. n. turvy, in confusion.] A cant term denoting in hurry and confusion. (Colloquial.) Heltonville, in Indiana , a post village of Lawrence co., abt. 8 m. N.E. of Bedford. Helvetia, the country inhabited by the Helvetii , q. v., now Switzerland. Helvetia, in Penna ., a post-office of Clear field co. Helvetia, in W. Virginia , a post-vill. of Randolph co. Helvet'ic, a. [Lat. Helve tic us .) Pertaining to Switzer- To make the sound expre ed by the word hem . "First he hemm'd, and next he haw'd." - Davies . -interj . An exclamation whose utterance is a sort of voluntary half-cough, loud or subdued, as the emotion may suggest. Hem'achate, n. [Gr. aim a , blood, achates , agate.] (Min.) A name given by Pliny to a variety of agate, probably light colored with spots of red jasper. Hemadrom'eter, n. [Gr. aim a , blood, dromus , course, and metron , measure.] ( Physiol .) An instrument for measuring the velocity with which the blood moves in the arteries. Hem a dynamometer, n. [Gr. aim a , blood, du- nam is , power, and metron , a measure.] (Physiol.) An instrument for ascertaining the presence of the blood in the arteries and veins by means of a graduated scale. He'mal, a . [Gr. aim a , blood.] Having reference, or pertaining to the blood, or blood-ve els. He'mans, FELICIA DOROTHEA, an English poete , B. at Liverpool, 1796, D. 1845. Her chief works are, The Forest Sanctuary; Records of Women; Scenes and Hymns of Life; The Vespers of Palermo; National Lyrics, and Songs for Music. She was for a time very popular in this country, where her works have been frequently re- printed. Hemastat'ic, Hemastat'ical, a . [Gr. aim a , and statos, fixed.] ( Med . ) That relates to the weight of the blood. Hem a statics, Hæmastatics, n . pl. ( Med .) The statics of the blood and blood-ve els. Hemateme's is, n. [Gr. aim a , and emeo, to vomit.] (Med.) A vomiting of blood. Hem'atherm, n. [Gr. aim a , and therm a , heat.] An animal which has warm blood. Hem'atine, n. [Fr., from Gr. aimatikos , of the color of blood.] ( Chem .) The coloring-matter of the blood.- Also the coloring principle of logwood; HEMATOXYLIN, q.v. Hematite, Hæmatite, n . [Gr. aim a , blood, from the color of its powder.) ( Min .) The native sesquioxide of iron, Fe2O3. Its color varies from dark-gray to black. Sp . gr . 4-5-5-3. Its streak and powder are blood-red. Comp . Oxygen 30, iron 70. Specular iron is a var. of H. often found in fine crystals of brilliant colors. Clay, iron, stone, or argillaceous H. consists of H. mixed with clay, sand, and other impurities; and when of a red color and oölitic structure it is called lenticular iron ore. Red chalk is an earthy variety of H. mixed with clay. H. is often found in columnar or stalactitic forms and in radiated, fibrous ma es. It is a valuable iron ore, re- quiring a stronger heat to reduce it than other ores, but yields a good quality of iron. Its powder is used as a coloring material, and for polishing metals. H. is widely diffused and yields much of the iron made in some coun- tries. Vast quantities of it are found in the U. States, especially in northern Michigan and in Mi ouri, where the two mountains Pilot Knob, 650 feet high, and Iron Mountain, 200 feet high, are composed chiefly of this ore. - Brown H. See LIMONITE. - Black H. See PSILO- Hem'atite, in Mi ouri , a post-village of Jefferson co., abt. 36 m. S. by W. of St. Louis. Hematitic, a . Pertaining or relating to hematite; composed of or resembling hematite. Hematocele, n . [Fr., from Gr. aimatos , blood, and kēle , tumor.] ( Med .) Hernia from extravasation of blood. Hematology, n. [Gr. aimatos , and logos , treatise.] ( Med .) That part of medical science which pertains to or treats of the blood. Hemat'osine, n. [Fr., from Gr. aimatos .] (Chem.) The red coloring-matter of the blood. Hemato's is, n. [Gr.] ( Physiol .) The transform a- tion of the venous blood and chyle into arterial blood by respiration. Hematoxylin, n. (Chem.) The coloring principle of logwood. When pure it yields transparent straw- colored crystals, which di olve in hot water, alcohol, and ether. The aqueous solution yields with ammonia a deep reddish-purple color. With various metallic. oxides it yields blue and red colors. Form . C16H1406- Hematuria, n. [Gr. aim a , and ourein , to make urine.] ( Med .) Hemorrhage from the mucous mem- brane of the urinary pa ages, proceeding from the kidneys, bladder, or urethra. The e ential symptoms are: blood, evacuated by the urethra, preceded by pain in the region of the bladder or kidneys, and accom- panied by faintne . H. is generally ascribed to exha- lati on. Active H. requires general or local blood-let- ting; diluent and cooling drinks; absolute rest; and an horizontal posture. The chronic kind is more trouble- some. It requires acidulated or aluminous drinks; chalybeates and tonics in general. He'mel-Hempstead, a town of England, co. Herts, 22 m. N.W. of London, and 16 W. of Hertford. Manuf. Paper and straw plait; an extensive agricultural trade also prevails. Pop . abt. 4,500. Hemi-. [Gr. hem i .] A Greek prefix, denoting the half of anything; used in a similar sense as the Lat. semi, and Fr. dem i . Hem'icarp, n. [Gr. hēmi , and kartos , fruit.] ( Bot .) A half-fruit of Apiacea ; same as Mericarp . Hemicra'nia, n. [Gr. hēmi , and kranion , the skull.] ( Med .) A pain that affects only one side of the head. It is generally nervous or hysterical, sometimes bilious; and in both cases sometimes comes at a regular period, like an ague. When it is accompanied by a strong pul- sation like that of a nail piercing the part, it is denomi- nated clavus . the hemispheric form; but in most of the lower vertebrats, where the cranial cavity affords more room for the small brain, both moieties are spherical. Hemispheric, Hemispherical, a . [Fr. hémisphérique.] Pertaining to, or containing a hemisphere; as, a hemispheric figure, a hemispherical body. Hemispheroid'al, a. With a form or figure resembling that of a hemisphere. Hem i spherule, (hem-i-sfer'ul,) n. A half-spherule. Hemistich, ( hèm'i - stik ,) n. [Gr. hemistich i on - stichos, a'verse.] ( Lit. ) In poetry, half a verse. The unfinished verses in Virgil's Eneid , concerning which it is not known whether they were purposely left in that state, or are owing to the incompletene of the poem, are usually called hemistichs. The Alexandrine , or French hem i-verse, requires a regular pause at the end of the first hemistich. Hemistichal, ( he - mis'tik -al.) a. Pertaining or relating to hemistichs; written in hent i stichs. Hem'itone, n. [Lat. hemitoneum; Gr. he mit on i on . ] ( Mus .) Same as SEMITONE, q. v. Hemit'ropal, Hemitropous, a . Half-inverted; turned half-round. ( Bot . ) Applied to an ovule, the rhaphe of which term i mates about half-way between the chalaza and orifice.