KANSAS

a central state of U. S. (38° Phila30’ N., 98° 20’ W.); bounded N. by the Nebraska, E. by Mi ouri, 8S. by Okla of homa, W. by Colorado. Surface gener the ally consists of undulating prarie, ‘rising four from 800 ft. in S. E. to 4,000 ft. in N. W. returned drained by Kansas and Arkansas anc Govern their tributaries, flowing to the Mi ouri of Principal towns are Kansas City first Topeka (cap.), Wichita, Leaven worth chief Climate is healthy, although subject t of Sir occasional extremes of both heat anc was cold. See Map of U.S. of Kansas was originally inhabited by as the various Ind. tribes, to one of which i was owes its name. Greater part was in Here cluded in Louisiana Purchase in 1803 only and it was organized as a territory o the U.S. half a century later. Scene of grea weeks political struggle between the slavery of and emancipation parties for sever a Grin years, in the course of which occurec John hostilities almost amounting to civi 1852, war. Kansas was admitted as state t Union in 1861; during Civil War sup ported Federalist army by sending fore Vincent consisting of about one-fifth of tot a Yorke’s population. After close of war grea It was number of settlements sprang up. Ad 1802, ministration is carried out by governol a isted by six ministers; legislativ authority vested in senate of 40 mem Marsvbers and house of representatives oa 125 members, elected by popular vot B.), for four and two years respectively earth sends to Congre two senators and eigh district representatives. The chief religiou y Sectoral Education is free and obliga in Ory. county Kansas is pre-eminently an agricul and tural state (irrigation required in W.) Kankakee and produces large crops of corn, whea‘ center oats, sorghum, beet, cotton. Live stoc nails is largely raised—horses, cattle, shee] import pigs. Minerals include vast quantitic instiof coal; oil, petroleum, zinc, limeston: A lead, salt, gyspum also found. Indus- * tries include meat packing, flour milling, dairying. Railway mileage is 9,386. Area, 82,158 sq. m. (384 sq. m. being water); pop. (1920), 1,769,257. EANSAS CITY, a city of Kansas, in Wyandotte Co., of which it is the county seat. It is on the Mi ouri Pacific, the Union Pacific, and the Chicago Great Western railroads, and at the junction of the Mi ouri and Kansas rivers. The city is opposite Kansas City, Mo., and constitutes practically one city. The two cities together form the second largest livestock and meat packing place in the ‘United States. The city has other large commercial and industrial interests in_ cluding extensive grain and flour trade, smelting and refining works, iron and _ steel works, and foundries. It contains the shops of the Mi ouri Pacific, the _ Union Pacific, and the Rock Island railroads. There is an excellent system of parks and boulevards. Several bridges connect the city with Kansas City, Mo. The public institutions include the State Institute for the Blind, Kansas City University, Western University, College of Medicine, and two hospitals. Pop. (1920), 101,078. EANSAS CITY, a city of Mi ouri, in Jackson Co. It is on the bounday line between Mi ouri_ and Kansas, and directly opposite Kansas City, Kansas. It is one of the most important railroad centers of the United States and is on the Chicago and Alton, the At chis on, Topeka and Santa Fe, the Chicago, Great Western, the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific, the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul, the Union Pacific, and other railroads. Several of these roads use Union Station, one of the largest in the United States. The Mi ouri River is cro ed here by several bridges. There is also commerce on the ‘river from Kansas City to St. Louis. The city is built on three hills. The manufacturing and wholesale districts are chiefly on the first, and are separated from the central busine or retail districts by high bluffs. The residential city is on the third on the highest elevation. There is an excellent system of streets of which about 500 miles are paved. There are many _ handsome public buildings, including Union Station, City Hall, Courthouse, Board of Trade building, Livestock exchange, Y. M. C. A. building, General Hospital, and many handsome busine blocks. ‘The city is the seat of many educational ‘institutions, including the University of Mi ouri, William Jewell College, Park College and Baker University. There is an excellent system of public schools and many special schools. Kansas City is famous for its park and boulevard system which has been laid out with great. care and expense. There are over 50 iniles of boulevard which connect 2,600 acres of public park within the city limits. The city is the center of a vast agricultural region and it has an extensive busine in grain, live stock and meat packing. It is the largest winter wheat market in the world and its grain elevators have a capacity of about 20 million bushels. In the city are over 1,500 factories whose products are valued: at about $325,000,000. There is % Federal Reserve Bank, 15 national banks, and many other financial institutions. Kansas City was first settled in 1820 by a company of French fur traders. ‘The town was incorporated in 1850 as the town of Kansas. The name was changed ue Sa City in 1890. Pop. (1920), EBANSAS-NEBRASKA BILL, TEE. Pa ed by Congre in 1854 for organizing the territories of Kansas and Nebraska. It was intended as a compromise between the southern extremists who wished to extend slavery, and the abolitionists of the North. It emphasized popular or ‘squatter’ sovereignty, and repealed the Mi ouri Compromise of 1820. Its principal feature was ‘not to legislate slavery into any territory, or state, nor to exclude it there from, but to leave it to the people to regulate subject to the Constitution.’ The bill was pa ed after a bitter debate, Stephen A. ' Douglas being its sponsor. The pa age of the bill caused a revival of the slavery controversy, broke up the Whig party and led to the organization of the Republican party, and no doubt hastened the Civil War.