Brown's on, Orestes

AUGUST US, B. in New Hampshire, 1802, is to some extent a self-educated man. Originally a Presbyterian, he became a Universalist preacher, then a Unitarian, and afterwards a Socialist, of the school of Robert Owen and Frances Wright, in support of whose tenets he delivered lectures. He contributed extensively to the periodical literature of the Socialist and Rationalistic party, wrote an autobiographical novel entitled Charles Ellwood, and several other works. About 1847, he commenced the publication of the Boston Quarterly Review, a title which was afterwards changed to that of Browns on's Quarterly, on his removal to New York, after his adoption of the Roman Catholic creed. -A village of Monroe co., 27 m. N.E. of Marietta. Brownsville, in Oregon , a post-village of Linn co., on the Calapooya River, 22 miles south-east of Albanv Brownsville, in South Carolina, a post-village of Marl borough co. Brownsville, in Tenne ee , a city, the cap. of Haywood co., on the Louisville & Nashville R. R., 57 m. N.E. of Memphis. An extensive trade is carried on, including the shipment of some 200,000 bales of cotton annually. Pop . (1897) about 2,900. Brownsville, in Texas (formerly FORT BROWN), a flourishing city, cap. of Cameron co., on the Rio Grande, facing Mat am or as, 40 m. from the embouchure of the river, and 300 S. of Austin. This is one of the most enterprising and busy places in the State, having an active trade with Mexico, carried on by steam navigation. Pop . (1897) about 7,000. Brownsville, in Utch , a village of Ogden co., on the E. border of Great Salt Lake. Brownsville, in Vermont , a post-vill. of Windsor co. Brownsville, in Washington , a post-office of Kitsap co. Brownsville, in West Virginia , a village of Cabell co., on the Ohio river, 24 m. from Ironton, O. Brownsville, in Wisconsin , a post-village of Dodge co. on C., M. & St. P. R. R. Pop . (1895) 260. Brown ton,in Minnesota , a post-village of McLeod co., on C. M. & St. P. R. R. Pop . (1895) 480. Browns Wells, in Mi i ippi , a P. O. of Copiah co. The wolf the kid, the wanton kid the browse." - Dryden. Brows'er, n. One that browses. Browse'-wood, n. Bush wood or twigs on which an- Brows'ing, n. The same as BROWSE. Brox'ton's Bridge, in South Carolina , a post-office of Collet on district. Broyles/ville, in Texas , a post-office of Washington co. Bru'at, ARMAND JOSEPH, a French admiral, B. at Colmar, 1796. Commander-in-chief of the Ocean squadron in 1852, he served in 1854 in the fleet in the Black Sea, as vice-admiral, under Admiral Hamelin, and took a prominent part in the first bombardment of Sebastopol. The same year, he succeeded Admiral Hamelin. D. of the cholera at Me ina, Nov. 25, 1855. Bruce, the name of a Scottish family of Norman origin. Robert de Brus, or Bruys, came over to England with William the Conqueror, and was rewarded for his services by a grant of land in Yorkshire. Robert, his son, was the companion in arms of David I. of Scotland, at the court of Henry I. of England; and when the Scottish prince succeeded to the throne of his ancestors, he bestowed the lordship of Ann andale upon his early friend, Robert de Brus. The eldest son of the second Robert carried on the English line of the family, while his younger son became the proper founder of the Scottish branch. His great-grandson married Isabel, second daughter of David, Earl of Hunting don, brother of William the Lion; and their eldest son was Robert de Bruce, the competitor with Baliol for the Scottish throne. (See BALIOL, JOHN.) His son, also called Robert, married under singular and romantic circumstances, a young and beautiful widow, only child of Nigel, Earl of Carrick, and Margaret, a daughter of Walter, the High Steward of Scotland, and thus added largely to the estate and feudal influence of the family of this union. BRUCE, ROBERT, the restorer of Scottish Independence, was the first fruit of the above marriage. He was B. the year (1274) in which Edward I. of England was crowned. In 1296, as Earl of Carrick, he swore fealty to Edward I. at Berwick. Shortly after, he abandoned the cause of Edward, and with his Carrick va als joined the Scottish leaders in arms for the independence of their country. On the defeat of the Scots a few months afterwards, at Irvine, B. made his peace with the English monarch. After Wallace's defeat at Falkirk, B. burned the castle of Ayr to the ground, to prevent its falling into the hands of the English, and retired into the rece es of Carrick. In 1299, the year after Wallace had resigned the regency, B. , then in his 25th year, was admitted one of the four regents, who ruled the kingdom in the name of Baliol. In the three campaigns which subsequently took place, B. continued faithful to Edward. With John Comyn, called the" Red Comyn," the nephew of Baliol, he appears to have entered into some agreement as to their rival claims to the throne. In an interview between them, in the church of the Minorite Friars, Dumfries, Feb. 4, 1305-6, a quarrel took place, and B. , in a paroxysm of pa ion, stabbed Comyn with his dagger. B. hastened to Lochmaben Castle, a embled his va als, and a erted his right to the throne. Two months after (March 27), he was crowned king, at Scone. An English army under the Earl of Pembroke, nominated by Edward governor of Scotland, took po e ion of Perth, and on the night of June 18, attacked B. in the wood of Methven, compelling him to retreat into the wilds of Athole. Sending his queen and her ladies to Kildrummie Castle, under the charge of Nigel Bruce and the Earl of Athole, he, with 200 followers, cro ed Loch Lomond, and had recourse for subsistence to the chase. B. next took refuge in the little island of Rathlin, on the north coast of Ireland, where he remained all winter, and was supposed to be dead. In his absence, the English took the The American Dictionary and Cyclopedia IMG:content-0773.jpg:[graphic][subsumed][subsumed] Marjory, from the sanctuary of St. Duthac, Ro -shire. All B's estates were confiscated, and himself and adherents excommunicated by the Pope's legate at Car lisle. In the spring of 1307, with about 300 men, B. landed in Carrick, and at midnight surprised the English garrison in his own castle of Turn berry; but before a superior force, he retired into the mountainous districts of Ayrshire. At Loudoun Hill, May 10, 1307, he defeated the English under the Earl of Pembroke. In le than two years he wrested from the English nearly the whole of Scotland. His authority being now established, in 1309 B. advanced to Durham, laying waste the country. The same year Edward II. of England invaded Scotland, but was compelled to retreat from Edinburgh to Berwickupon-Tweed. During the harvest of 1312, the Scots again invaded England, but unsucce fully. B. now reduced the Isle of Man also. On his return, in the autumn of 1313, he found his brother, Edward Bruce, engaged in the siege of Stirling Castle, held by Sir Philip Mowbray for the English. A treaty was entered into, by which Mowbray bound himself to surrender it, if not relieved before 24th June following. This led to the memorable battle of Bannock burn, q . v . , at which B. commanded in person (June 24, 1314). In 1317, B. pa ed over to Ireland, to a ist his brother Edward, q . v ., and defeated the Anglo-Irish under the Baron of Clare; and in the spring of 1318 the Scots army invaded England by North umber land. Another invasion of Scotland by the English king, who was compelled to retreat, was followed by B. again marching into England. After besieging Norham Castle, he defeated Edward once more at Bowl and Abbey, Yorkshire. A truce was, in consequence, ratified between the two kingdoms at Berwick, June 7, 1323, to last for 13 years. On the acce ion of Edward III., in 1327, hostilities recommenced; and the Scots being again victorious, a final treaty was ratified in a parliament at North amp ton, March 4, 1328, recognizing the independence of Scotland, and B.'s right to the throne. His object was now accomplished, and suffering under the disease of leprosy, he spent the last two years of his life at Card ro Castle, on the N. shore of the Frith of Clyde. D. June 7, 1329. He was twice married, first to Isabella, daughter of Donald, tenth earl of Mar - i ue, a daughter, Marjory, wife of Walter the High-Steward, whose son ascended the throne as Robert II.; and second to Elizabeth, daughter of Aymer de Burgh, Earl of Ulster-i ue, one son, who succeeded him as David II., and two daughters.