Dor

See Bongo. Dora (doʻrä). 1. A play by Sardou, produced in 1877, and played in English under the title IMG:content-0372.png:[ocr errors] Diplomacy."-2. 2. A poem by Lord Tennyson. Dora Baltea (dō'rä bältä-ä). A tributary of the Po in Piedmont, Italy. It rises in the Mont Blanc group, and joins the Po east of Turin. Length, about 100 miles. Dora d'Istria (dō'rä dēs'trē-ä), pseudonym of Helene Ghika, Prince Koltzoff Ma alsky. Born at Bukharest, Rumania, Feb. 3 (N. S.), 1828: died at Florence, Nov. 17, 1888. A Ruma nian writer. Among her works are "La vie monastique dans l'église orientale" (1855), "La Sui e allemande" (1856), "Les femmes en Orient" (1860), "Des femmes par une femme" (1864), etc. Dorado (do-rado). A small southern constellation, created by Bayer, north of the great Magellanic cloud. Dorado, El. See El Dorado . Dorak-el-Atik (dō'räk-el-ä-tēk'). A town in the province of Khuzistan, Persia, situated about lat. 30° 40′ N., long. 49° E. Population, estimated, 6,000-12,000. Doralice (dō-rä-lē'che). 1. A tale, an old form of the Cinder ell a story, in Str a parol a's "Nights," i. 4.-2. The daughter of the King of Granada in Ariosto's "Orlando Furioso." She becomes the wife of Mandricardo, but is also loved by Rodomont, to whom she had been betrothed. After the death of Mandricardo she is willing to give herself to his victor Rogero. 3. An opera by Mercadante, first produced at Vienna in 1824.-4 (dor'a-lis). The wife of Rhodophil in Dryden's comedy "Marriage à la Mode," remarkable for her brilliant philosophy of flirtation in the last act. Doran (dō'ran), John. Born at London, March 11, 1807: died at London, Jan. 25, 1878. An English journalist and miscellaneous writer. He was editor of "Notes and Queries" from 1869 until his death. His works include "Lives of the Queens of Eng land of the House of Hanover" (1855), and "Their Majesties' Servants" (1864). Dorante (do-ront'). The name of three courtly and witty gallants, somewhat differing in characteristics, in Molière's comedies "Le bourgeois gentilhomme" (where he is a count enamoured of the Marquise Dorimène), "L'École des femmes," and "Les fâcheux." Dorante. The Liar in Corneille's comedy "Le menteur." He surpa es even the women of the play in di imulation. He seems to lie in a spirited manner for the sake of lying, not from self-interest. In the sequel to "The Liar" ("Suite du menteur") he has reformed. Dora Riparia (dō'rä re-pä'rē-ä). A head stream of the Po, which it joins near Turin. Dora Spenlow. See Spenlow , Dora. Dorastus and Fawnia. See Pandosto . Dorastus is the original of Shakspere's Florizel in "The Winter's Tale." Dorat, or Daurat (dō-rä'), Jean, L. Auratus. Born at Limoges, France, about 1508: died at Paris, Nov. 1, 1588. Á French poet and scholar, a member of the "Pléiade," called by his contemporaries "the modern Pindar." He was appointed profe or of Greek in the Royal College in 1560. Dorax (dō'raks). A renegade in Dryden's tra- gedy "Don Sebastian": a noble Portuguese, formerly Don Alonzo de Sylvera, governor of Alcazar. He has been thought to be the best of Dryden's tragic characters. D'Orbigny, Alcide. See Orbigny . Dorcas (dor'kas). [Gr. δορκάς , gazelle.] In the New Testament (Acts ix. 36), a woman who was full of good deeds, and made coats and gar- ments for the poor; hence a Dorcas Society, a society for supplying the poor with garments. Dorcas. In Shakspere's "Winter's Tale," a shepherde . Dorcas Zeal. See Zeal . Dor chester (dôr'ches-ter). [ME. * Dorchestre , AS. Dornwara ceaster , city of the people of Dorset; from Dorn -sæte, Dorsæte, Dorset. See Dorset. The chief town of Dorset, England, situated on the Frome in lat. 50° 44′ N., long. 2° 27′ W.: the ancient Durnovaria. The remains of a Roman amphitheater and other antiquities are in the vicinity. It was the scene of Jeffreys's "bloody a ize," 1685. Population (1891), 7,946. Dor chester. [ME. Dorchestre, Dorcestre , AS. Dorceaster , Dorce - ceaster , Dorces ceaster , Dorca ceaster (ML. reflex Duroc a strum ).] A village in Oxfords hire, England, situated near Oxford, important in the early middle ages. Dor chester. Formerly a town of Norfolk County, Ma achusetts, situated on Ma achusetts Bay 4 miles south of Boston. It was annexed to Boston in 1869. 478,471. IMG:content-0373.png:[blocks in formation] Dore, Mont. See Mont Dore . Doré (dō-rā'), Paul Gustave. Born at Strasburg, Jan. 10, 1833: died at Paris, Jan. 23, 1883. A French artist. From 1848, when he made his first series of sketches for the "Journal pour Rire," he executed a great number of designs, paintings, and statues, and in 1850 had made his reputation. In 1861 he was decorated with the cro of the Legion of Honor. He illustrated "Œuvres de Rabelais" (1854), "Légende du Juif errant" (1856), "Contes drôlatiques de Balzac" (1856), "Contes de Perrault" (1861), "E ais de Montaigne" (1857), "Voyage aux Pyrénées de M. Taine" (1859), "Divina Com media de Dante" (1861), "Don Quichotte" (1863), "The Bible" (1865-66), "Fables de La Fontaine" (1867), Tenny son's poems "Elaine" and "Vivien" (1866-68), etc. Among his oil-paintings are "Paolo and Francesca da Rimini," "Rebel Angels cast down" (1866), "Gambling-Hall at Dornbirn Baden-Baden," "The Neophyte" (1868), "The Triumph of Christianity," "Christ leaving the Prætorium," etc. Doria (dō're-ä), Andrea. Born at Oneglia, Italy, Nov. 30, 1468: died at Genoa, Nov. 15, 1560. A celebrated Genoese admiral and statesman. He was styled the "Liberator of Genoa," which he freed from the French in 1528. He served with distinction against the Turks, and achieved the capture of Tunis in 1535. There is a celebrated portrait of him, by Sebastiano del Piombo, in the Palazzo Doria, Rome. Doria Palace. See Palazzo Doria . Dor i court (dor'i-kōrt). A brilliant man of the world in Mrs. Cowley's comedy "The Belle's Stratagem." His wit, humor, and courtline make him the fashion, while his taste for French piquancy renders him impervious to the charm of English beauty. See Hardy , Lætiti a . Dorigen (dor'i-gen). In Chaucer's "Franklin's Tale," the faithful wife of Arviragus. She was beloved by Aurelius, "a lusty squire," and to escape his importunity said she would never listen to him till all the rocks on the sea-shore were removed. He having by magic removed them, Arviragus sacrificed her to her promise. When Aurelius beheld her gentle obedience to her husband's overstrained sense of honor, he gave her back her word. Chaucer took the story from Boccaccio's "Dianora and Gilberto." Dorimant (dor'i-mant). In Etherege's comedy "The Man of Mode, or Sir Fopling Flutter," a wit witty and fashionable libertine, ertine, intended as a portrait of the Earl of Rochester. Dorimène (do-re-man'). 1. In Molière's "Le cocu imaginaire," the wife of Sganarelle. A Dorimène is also introduced in a later play, "Le mariage forcé," where she consents to marry Sganarelle, who is much older than she, with the intention of deceiving him. 2. A lady of rank in Molière's comedy "Le bourgeois gentilhomme," loved by Dorante. Dorinda (do-rin'dä). 1. In Guarini's "Pastor Fido," an impulsive, pa ionate girl. Also Dorine.-2. The sister of Miranda in Dryden and Davenant's version of "The Tempest." Like Miranda, she has seen no man but her father.-3. In Farquhar's comedy "The Beaux' Stratagem," the daughter of Lady Bountiful. She falls in love with and marries Aimwell, whose stratagem to win a rich wife thus succeeds. Dorine (dō-ren'). 1. See Dorinda , 1.-2. In Molière's comedy "Tartufe," the caustic but faithful waiting-woman of Marianne. This name was given in the old French theatrical nomenclature to an intriguing soubrette. Doris (dō'ris). [Gr. Δωρίς .] 1. In cla ical mythology, the daughter of Ocean us and Tethys. She married her brother Nereus, and her fifty daughters were called the Nereides. The name Doris is sometimes given to the sea by the poets, as by Vergil. 2. An asteroid (No. 48) discovered by Gold schmidt at Paris, Sept. 19, 1857. Doris. [Gr. Δωρίς .] In ancient geography: (a) A mountainous territory of central Greece, surrounded by Phocis, Locris, Ætolia, and Malis. (b) A part of the coast of Caria, Asia Minor. Dorking (dôr'king). A town in Surrey, England, 22 miles southwest of London. It is famous for its breed of fowls, and is the scene of the fictitious "Bat tle of Dorking" (which see). Population (1891), 7,132. Dorking, Battle of. ("The Battle of Dorking, or Reminiscences of a Volunteer.") An im aginary narrative of an invasion and conquest of England by a foreign army, written by General Sir George T. Chesney in 1871. It called attention to the need of an improved system of national defense, and attracted much notice. exile nine Dorléans, or D'Orléans (dor-lā-on'), Louis. Born at Paris, 1542: died at Paris, 1629. A French poet and satirist. In 1594 he was prosecuted by Henry IV., and fled to Antwerp, remaining in Dorm it or (dor-me-tor'), or Durmitor (dör-met or'). The highest summit in the mountains of Monte negro. Height, 8,146 feet. Dorn (dorn), He in rich Ludwig Edmund. Born at Königsberg, Pru ia, Nov. 14, 1804: died at Berlin, Jan. 10, 1892. A German operatic composer, conductor of the Royal Opera in Berlin 1847-68. His chief opera is "Die Nibelungen" (1854). Dorn, Johann Albrecht Bernhard. Born at Scheuerfeld, Coburg, Germany, May 11, 1805: died at St. Petersburg, May 31, 1881. A German Orientalist, profe or (1835), and later (1843) chief librarian of the imperial publie library at St. Petersburg. His works include "History of the Afghans" (1829-36), "Über die Sprache der Afghanen" (1840), "Chrestomathy of the Pushtu or Afghan Language" (1847) "Caspia" (1875), etc. Dornbirn (dorn'bērn). A town in Vorarlberg, Austria-Hungary, situated near Lake Con stance 7 miles south of Bregenz. Population (1890), commune, 10,678. was released under a general amnesty act in 1847; and was restored to his civil rights in 1851. Dorrego (dor-rāgō), Manuel. Born at Buenos Ayres, 1787: died there, Dec. 13, 1828. An Ar- gentine statesman. In Aug., 1827, he was elected governor of Buenos Ayres. His efforts to establish a con- federation of the provinces were at first succe ful, and the war with Brazil was brought to a close (1828), both countries recognizing the independence of Uruguay. The revolt of Lavalle drove Dorrego from Buenos Ayres: he was defeated in an attempt to recover the city, captured, "Simple Sto is the guardian of Mi Milner who falls in love with him. In Charles Dickens's "Little Dorrit," the un- selfish daughter of the debtor William Dorrit, born in prison. Dorrit, William. The father of Little Dorrit, in Charles Dickens's story of that name: a weak, selfish, good-looking man confined in the Marshal sea prison for a long time for debt, and hence called "The Father of the Marshal sea." Dorr Rebellion, The. In United States history, a revolutionary movement under the leadership of T. W. Dorr to introduce a new State const i- tution in Rhode Island. It was caused by di at is- faction with the existing fundamental law (a charter granted by Charles II. in 1663), which placed a heavy property qualification on the suffrage. A party, the so- called Suffrage party, was organized under the leadership of T. W. Dorr in 1840. It held a ma -meeting at Provi- dence July 5, 1841, and authorized the calling of a con- stitutional convention, which met at Providence Oct. submitted to the people Dec. 27-29, 1841, and received a ma- jority (?) of the popular vote. A government with Dorr at its head was elected under this constitution April 18, 1842. It made an unsucce ful attempt to seize the arsenal at D'Orsay. See Orsay . Dorset (dor's et). [ME. Dorsete , AS. Dorsæte , Dornsæte, prop. the name of the inhabitants, from dorn-, dor-, W. dufr , water, and sæte , set- tlers.] A county of England, lying between Somerset and Wilts on the north, Hants on the east, the English Channel on the south, and Devons hire and Somerset on the west. It is trav- ersed by chalk downs, and is noted for its breed of sheep. It contains many British and Roman antiquities. Area, 988 square miles. Population (1891), 194,517. 2. A very beautiful and unfortunate woman in an episode of Cervantes's "Don Quixote."-3. Dorset, Earl of. See Sackville . Dorr (dôr), Benjamin. Born at Salisbury, Ma ., March 22, 1796: died at German town, Pa., Sept. 18, 1869. An American clergyman of the Protestant Episcopal Church. He was rector of Christ Church, Philadelphia, from 1837 until his death. His works include "The History of a Pocket Prayer-Book, Written by Itself," "A Memoir of John Fanning Watson," etc. Dorr, Thomas Wilson. Born at Providence, R. I., Nov. 5, 1805: died there, Dec. 27, 1854. An American politician. He was a member of the a embly of Rhode Island 1833-37; was the leader of "Dorr's rebellion" (which see); was elected governor by the "Suffrage party" in 1842; was convicted of high trea- Reformed Church of the Netherlands, with delegates from England and other countries, convened by the States-General for the purpose of deciding the Arm in i an controversy, and held at Dort (Dordrecht) 1618-19. It condemned the doctrines of the Arminians or Remonstrants. Dortmund (dôrt'mönd). A city in the province of Westphalia, Pru ia, situated near the Em- scher in lat. 51° 31′ N., long. 7° 28′ E. It is the center of a mining region, and has manufactures of railway machinery, etc. It was mentioned in the 9th century, and was a free imperial city and Hanseatic town, and the seat of the supreme court of the Vehmgericht. It was an- nexed to Pru ia in 1815. Population (1890), 89,663. Dorus (dō'rus). [Gr. Δώρος .] In Greek mythol- ogy, the ancestor of the Dorians, generally rep- resented as the son of Hellen by the nymph Orseis. Dorus. In Sidney's romance "Arcadia," the name under which Musidorus, in the disguise of Dorus, Prince. See Prince Dorus. Dory (do'ri), John. 1. See John Dory.-2. A vociferous and faithful servant of Sir George Thunder, in O'Keefe's "Wild Oats." Dorylæum (dor-i-lē'um). [Gr. Δορύλαιον .] The ancient name of Eski-Shehr (which see). Here, July 1, 1097, the Crusaders under Bohemond, Tancred, Robert of Normandy, Godfrey of Bouillon, and others, de- feated Soliman, the Turkish sultan of Iconium. Doryphorus. See Polycletus . Dos i the ans (do-sith'e-änz). A Samaritan sect, named from Dos i the us, a false Me iah, who appeared about the time of Christ Thurisect, Dost Mohammed Khan (dōstmō-häm'edkhän), Born about 1770: died May 29, 1863. Amir of Kabul. He ascended the throne in 1826. In 1839 the India government, being determined to chastise him on account of his refusal to become the ally of the British, sent an army into Afghanistan, drove him from his throne, and placed Shah Shujah upon it. In 1841 an insurrection broke out in Kabul, and in 1842 the British army was mas- sacred in its retreat. This was followed by a second in- vasion by the British, who decided to reinstate Dost Mo- hammed (1842). He captured Herat from the Persians in 1863 . 1822: died Feb. 9 (N. S.), 1881. A Ru ian novelist and journalist. He was arrested for par- ticipation in a conspiracy in 1849, and condemned to death. His sentence was commuted to exile, and he was pardoned on the acce ion of Alexander II. His works include "The Poor People," published also in French as "The Degraded and Insulted" (1846), "Memoirs from the House of Death," also published as "Buried Alive" (his memories of Siberia, 1858), "Crime and Punishment (1866), etc. Dot (dot). See Peery bingle , Mrs. Does an (do-than). (dō-thän'). n'). In In Scripture Se geography, v, a place in Samaria, Palestine, situated 10 miles north of Shechem. Do the boys Hall (dö'the-boiz hal). ['Do-the- boys Hall': boys Hall'; implying that the boys are taken in and done for. The Yorkshire school in Dickens's "Nicholas Nickle by," kept by Mr. Squeers, in which Nicholas served a short time as an under-master. The exposure of the methods of schools of this cla by Dickens led to the reformation or abolition of many of them. Dotterel (dot'ter-el), Mrs. A character in Gar- rick's play "The Male Coquette." Douai, or Douay (dö-ā'). [L. Duacum .] А town in the department of Nord, France, sit- uated on the Scarpe 18 miles south of Lille. It is an important fortre , and has an arsenal. In the middle ages it belonged to the counts of Flanders, and after 1384 to the dukes of Burgundy. It formed part of the Spanish Netherlands and was conquered by the French in 1667. It contains a Roman Catholic university founded by Philip II. in 1562, and a noted seminary for English priests. At Douai was printed the English version of the Bible for Roman Catholics. It has manufactories of cotton, linen, lace, paper, leather, embroideries, delft- ware, gla , salt, etc., and contains a number of breweries and distilleries. Population (1891), commune, 29,909. Douarnenez (dwär-nā'). A seaport in the de- part ment of Finistère, France, 21 miles south- east of Brest. It is noted for its sardine fisheries. Double Dealer, The. A comedy by Congreve, produced in 1693. See Mask well . Double Falsehood, The. A play published by Theobald in 1728 as by Shakspere. It is founded Doubs, Falls of the. [F. Saut du Doubs .] A noted cataract in the Doubs, on the border of France and Switzerland, 13 miles northwest of Neuchâtel. Height, 86 feet. Doubtful Heir, The. A romantic comedy by Shirley, originally produced at Dublin under the title of "Rosania, or Love's Victory," and ished for political reasons, and was well received at the court of Henry VIII. of England. His chief work is a translation of the Æneid into Scottish verse (1513, printed 1553). Douglas, George, fourth Earl of Angus. Died 1462. A Scottish nobleman. He remained loyal to James II. in a rising of his kinsmen against the king, and commanded the royal forces at the battle of Arkinholm May 1, 1455, in which the insurgents were defeated. He received as a reward large grants of land from the conf is Douloureuse Garde. [F.] See Joyeuse Garde . cated estates, and may be regarded as the founder of the Doune (don). A village in Perth shire, Scot- position the earls Angus as border chiefs. Douglas, George. In Sir Walter Scott's novel lan land, situated on the Teith 7 miles northwest of Stirling. It contains the ruined Doune Castle. "The Abbot," the seneschal of Lochleven Cas-During tle during his father's absence. Falling in love Dour (dör). A manufacturing town in the with his prisoner, Mary Queen of Scots, he aids her esprovince of Hainault, Belgium, 9 miles south- cape, and dies at the battle of Lang side. Douglas, Sir Howard. Born at Gosport, Eng- land, July 1, 1776: died at Tun bridge Wells, England, Nov., 1861. An English general and military writer: author of a "Treatise on Naval Gunnery" (1819), etc. Douglas, Sir James, called "The Good Sir James" and "The Black Douglas." Killed in Spain, probably Aug. 25, 1330. A Scottish nobleman. He joined the standard of Bruce in 1306, and commanded the left wing of the Scottish army at the battle of Bannock burn, June 24, 1314. In accordance with the dying request of Bruce, he set out on a journey to the Holy Land, carrying with him Bruce's heart in- cased in a casket of gold. Arrived in Spain, he offered his services to Alfonso, king of Castile and Leon, against the Saracens of Granada, and fell in battle. Douglas, James, second Earl of Douglas. Died in 1388. A Scottish nobleman, son of William, first Earl of Douglas. He commanded a force of 300 horse and 2,000 foot which ravaged the eastern border in 1388, and probably on the 19th of Aug. in that year (on the 9th according to the English chroniclers, on the 15th according to Froi art) defeated a superior force of the levy of the northern counties under Lord Henry Percy at Otter burn, himself falling at the moment of vic- tory. His fame is celebrated in the Scottish ballad "The Battle of Otter burn" and the English ballad "Chevy Chase." Douglas, James, ninth Earl of Douglas. Died at Lindores, Scotland, July 14, 1488. Last Earl of Douglas. He headed a rebellion against James II. of Scotland 1452-55, in consequence of which he was ban- ished and deprived of his estates. Dousterswivel (dös'tér-swiv-el), Herman. In Sir Walter Scott's novel "The Antiquary," a German adventurer who tricks Sir Arthur Wardour by a pretended magical discovery of treasure, and is himself similarly tricked by Ochiltree. The nickname Dousterswivel was Douville (dö-vēl'), Jean Baptiste. Born at Hambie, Manche, France, Feb. 15, 1794: died in Brazil about 1837. A French adventurer. He published in 1832 a book entitled "Voyage au Congo et dans l'intérieur de l'Afrique équinoxiale," which purport- ed to be an account of explorations made by himself in central Africa between 1828 and 1830. The gold medal of the Geographical Society at Paris was awarded to him for the most important discovery in 1830, and he was made secretary of the society for 1882. It was, however, shown IMG:content-0374.png:[blocks in formation] Douglas, John. Born at Pitten weem, Fife, Scotland, July 14, 1721: died at Salisbury, England, May 18, 1807. A British prelate and general writer. He was appointed bishop of Car lisle In 1787 (being translated to Salisbury in 1791) and dean of Windsor in 1788. Among his works are "Milton vindi- cated from the Charge of Plagiarism" (1751), and a book attacking Hume's argument on the miracles, entitled "The Criterion" (1752). Douglas, Stephen Arnold. Born at Brandon, Vt., April 23, 1813: died at Chicago, June 3, 1861. An American Democratic politician. He learned the trade of a cabinet-maker, but afterward stud- ied law and was admitted to the bar. He was elected a judge of the Supreme Court of Illinois in 1841; was a member of Congre from Illinois 1843-47; and was United States senator 1847-61. He advanced the doctrine of pop- ular or "squatter" sovereignty in relation slavery in the Territories, and reported the Kansas-Nebraska Bill in 1854. He was an unsucce ful candidate of the Democratic party for the presidency in 1860. He was nicknamed "The Edward Baliol, and obtained as a reward the lordship Dove, Doctor. The chief character in Southey's of Liddesdale, whence he was surnamed "The Knight of "Doctor." Liddesdale." He was killed during a hunt in Ettrick forest Dove, Lady. In Cumber land's play "The by his kinsman William, lord (afterward earl) of Douglas. Douglas, William, first Earl of Douglas. Died Brothers," a termagant and the mother of So- good Sir James." He was trained in arms in France; returned to Scotland about 1348; recovered his paternal estates from the English; conducted numerous raids on the English border; was, along with the Earl of March, ap- pointed warden of the east marches about 1356; and was created earl of Douglas by David II. in 1358. Douglas, William, eighth Earl of Douglas. Died in 1452. A Scottish nobleman, son of James, seventh Earl of Douglas. He conspired against James II., by whom he was decoyed by a safe- conduct to Stirling Castle and put to death. Dougla , David Bates. Born at Pompton, J., March 21, 1790: died at Geneva, N. Y., Oct., 1849. An American engineer. He was engaged on the Croton aqueduct 1833-36, on Greenwood cemetery (Brooklyn) 1837-40. Dougla , Frederick. Born 1817: died Feb. 20, 1895. and journalist. was born He a slave was on the the son plantation of a negre of by Colonel a white Edward man, Lloyd. Having escaped from his master in 1838, he even- tually settled at New Bedford, Ma achusetts, and in 1841 became an agent of the Ma achusetts Anti-Slavery Soci- ety, a post which he retained four years. He founded in 1847, at Rochester, New York, "Frederick Dougla 's Pa- per," the title of which was changed to "The North Star," and which was continued a number of years. In 1870 he founded at Washington, District of Columbia, "The New National Era," which he turned over to his sons Lewis and Frederick. He was United States marshal for the District of Columbia 1876-81, recorder of deeds in the Dover Pier. It was burned by the Normans in 1066; became an important naval station; resisted the French in 1216; and fell into the hands of the Parliamentarians in 1642. It is strongly fortified. Population (1891), 33,418. 2. The capital of Delaware and county-seat of Kent County, situated on Jones Creek in lat. 39° 8′ N., long. 75° 32′ W. It has important fruit-preserving industries. Population (1890), 3,061.-3. A city and the county-seat of Str afford County, New Hampshire, situated on the Cocheco 11 miles northwest of Portsmouth. It has manufactures of prints, cotton and woolen goods, shoes, etc., and is the oldest town in the State, having been settled in 1623. Population (1890), 12,790. 4. A town in Morris County, New Jersey, about 32 miles northwest of New York. Population (1890), 2,880. Dover, Strait of, F. Pas de Calais. A strait separating England from France, and connecting the English Channel with the North Sea: the Roman Fretum Gallicum, or Fretum Oceani. Width at Dover, 21 miles. Steamers cro daily from Dover to Calais and to Ostend. Dover, Treaty of. A secret treaty concluded May 22, 1670, at Dover, between Charles II. and Louis XIV. The former was to aid in the designs of France against Holland, and the latter was to furnish subsidies and troops. The province of Zealand and the adja cent islands were to be reserved for England. Charles was to receive £200,000 a year if he declared himself a Roman Catholic. Dovre (dō'vre), or Dovrefjeld (do'vre-fyeld). A spur of the Scand in avian Mountains, situated in Norway about lat. 62°-63° N. It separates northern and southern Norway. Highest peak (Snehaettan), 7,570 feet. Dow, Gerard. See Douw . Dow (dou), Lorenzo. Born at Coventry, Conn., Oct. 16, 1777: died at Washington, D. C., Feb. 2, 1834. An American itinerant preacher, of the Methodist belief. He made two mi ionary tours in England and Ireland-one in 1799 and one in 1805. He was noted for his eccentricities of manner and dre . His "Journal and Miscellaneous Writings" were edited by John Dowling in 1836. Dow, Neal. Born at Portland, Maine, March 20, 1804. An American advocate of prohibition. He drafted the noted "Maine (prohibitory) Law" in 1851, and was the candidate of the Prohibition party for President in 1880, Dowden (dou'den) Edward. Born at Cork, Ireland, May 3, 1843. A British critic and poet, profe or of the English language and literature at Trinity College, Dublin (where he studied), in 1889 first Taylor i an lecturer in the Taylor Institution, Oxford. He has published "Shakspere, his Mind and Art" (1872), "Poems" (1876), "Studies in Literature: 1789-1877" (1878), "Southey" (1879), an edition of Shakspere's sonnets with notes, "Shelley" (1886), etc. Dowgate (doug at). The original water-gate of the city of London. It was situated at the mouth of the Wall brook where it enters the Thames, and just under the great Roman citadel. The Watling St. or Pretorian way cro ed the river here by a Traject us before the London Bridge was built. Loftie , History of London, 1884. Dowl at a bad (dou-la-tä-bäd'), or Daulatabad. A city and fortre in Hyderabad, India, in lat. 19° 55′ N., long. 75° 14′ E.: the ancient Deoghir or Deoghur. It is noted for its strong position on an isolated rock. Dowler (dou'ler), Captain. A retired military man in Dickens's "Pickwick Papers," noted for his bluster and brag, and his extraordinarily fierce and disjointed manner of talking. Down (doun). A maritime county in Ulster, Ireland, lying between Antrim and Belfast Lough on the north, the Irish Sea on the east and southeast, and Armagh on the west. It is one of the lead ing agricultural counties. Capital, Down patrick. Arca, 957 square miles. Population (1891), 224,008. Downes (dounz), John. Born at Canton, Ma ., 1786 (1784?): died at Charles town, Ma ., Aug. 11, 1855. An American naval commander. He served as lieutenant in the E ex under Captain Porter in the War of 1812, and commanded the Epervier in the war against Algiers. In 1832 he obtained command of a squadron in the Pacific Ocean, and bombarded Quallah Batoo, on the coast of Sumatra, in retaliation for an outrage committed on an American ve el. He commanded the navy-yard at Boston 1837-42 and 1850-52. Downing (dou'ning), Andrew Jackson. Born at Newburg, N. Y., Oct., 1815: drowned near Yonkers, N. Y., July 28, 1852. An American landscape-gardener and pomologist. He published "Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening" (1841), "Cottage Residences" (1842), "Fruits and Fruit Trees of America" (1845), etc. Downing, Major Jack. The pseudonym of Seba Smith, in his letters in Yankee dialect. Downing, Sir George. Born probably in Aug., 1623: died in 1684. An English soldier and politician. He emigrated with his parents to New England in 1638, but subsequently returned to England, and in 1650 was scout-master-general of Cromwell's army in B. c. Drake, Sir Francis (drā kō), or Dracon (dra'kon). [Gr. Lived in the last half of the 7th century An A then i an legislator. He formulated the first written code of laws for Athens in 624 or about 621 B. C. On account of the number of offenses to which it affixed the penalty of death, his code was said to have been written in blood. his death. Downing College. A college in Cambridge University, England, founded by the will of Sir George Downing (dated 1717). It was chartered in 1800, and opened in 1821. Downing street. A street in the west end of London, leading from White hall. It contains the treasury building and the foreign office (hence the name Downing street has come to be used for the administration). The south side of Downing street is formed by the magnificent pile of modern Italian buildings by Sir Gilbert Scott, erected in 1868-73 to include the Home Office, Foreign Office, Colonial Office, and East India Office.