Scot, or Scott (skot), Michael

[Identified by Boece with Sir Michael Scot of Balwearie in ✓ Fifes hire, but by Camden with a Cistercian monk of Cumber land. The traditional date of his death is about 1291.] A Scottish schoolman, with posthumous fame as a wizard and ma gician. He is said to have studied at Oxford and Paris, and to have learned Arabic at Toledo. On the invitation of - the emperor Frederick II. he superintended a translation of Aristotle and his commentators from Arabic into Latin. His original works deal with astrology, alchemy, and the occult sciences. The chief are "Super auctorem spheræ" (Bologna, 1495; Venice, 1631), "De sole et luna" (in "The at rum chimicum," Strasburg, 1622), and "De physiog nomia et de hominis procreatione." According to a tradition followed by Scott in "The Lay of the Last Minstrel," and to Border folk-lore, he was buried in Melrose Abbey. Scot, Reginald. Died 1599. An English author. He studied at Hart Hall, Oxford, and afterward lived at Smeeth. He wrote a book against the persecution of witches, entitled "Discoverie of Witchcraft" (1584), which was burned by order of James I. Scotia (skō'shi-ä). [ML., 'land of Scots,' from Scotus, Scot.] 1. A name given in the early middle ages to Ireland.-2. A name given to Scotland. Scot i chronic on (skō ti-kron'i-kon), The. A Scottish chronicle written partly by John of Fordun (see Fordun ), who brought the chronicle down to 1153, and partly by Walter Bower (1385-1449), who brought it to 1436. An abridg ment of the work written by Walter Bower is known as the "Book of Cupar": this has not been printed. Scotists (skō'tists). The followers of Duns Scotus. His fundamental doctrine is that distinctions which the mind inevitably draws are to be considered as real, although they do not exist apart from their relations to mind. Such distinctions were called formal , the abstractions thence resulting formalities , and those who in sisted upon them formalists or formalizers (Middle Latin formal i zantes). He taught the important principle of hæcceitythat individual existence is no quality, is capable of no description or general conception, but is a peculiar element of being. He held that the natures of genera and species, as animal and horse , are real, and are not in them. selves either general or particular, though they cannot exist except as particular or be thought except as sens teaching Scotism in English universities was prohibited by the royal injunctions of 1535. Scotland (skot'land). [AS. Scotland , land of Scots; F. Eco e , G. Schottland , L. Caledonia .] A country of Europe, occupying the northern division of the island of Great Britain, and forming part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Capital, Edinburgh; largest city, Glasgow. The mainland, which extends from lat. 54° 38′-58° 41' N., and from long. 1° 45′-6° 14′ W., is bounded by the Atlantic on the west and north, the North Sea on the east, and England and the Irish Sea on the south. The country is divided generally into the Highlands in the north and west, and the Lowlands in the south and east. The chief indentations of the coast are the Moray Firth, Firths of Tay and Forth, Solway Firth, and Firth of Clyde. The highest mountains are the Grampians, about 4,000 feet (Ben Nevis, 4,406 feet). The chief river-systems are those of the Spey, Tay, Forth, Tweed, and Clyde. There are many mountain lakes, including Lochs Tay, Awe, Lomond, Katrine, etc. The principal islands are the Orkney Islands, Shetland Islands, Lewis and Harris, North Uist, South Uist, Skye, Mull, Jura, Islay, Arran, and Bute. Scotland has important commerce, valuable mines of iron and coal, fisheries, flourishing iron, cotton, woolen, linen, and jute manufactures, ship-building industries, whisky-distilleries, etc. It has 33 counties. The kingdom is represented by 72 members in the House of Commons; and the peerage, to which no additions have been made since 1707, but which still numbers 87 members, appoints 16 peers at the opening of each Parliament to sit in the House of Lords, in which, however, 51 of the other Scottish peers have seats as holders of British titles. The great majority of the Scots are Presbyterians (mostly of the Established Church, Free Church, or United Presbyterian Church); there are also Roman Catholics, Episcopalians, Congregationalists, etc. Gaelic (a Celtic language) is spoken in many parts of the Highlands. The original inhabitants were Celts. Scotland was invaded by the Romans under Agricola in the 1st century. A wall between the Clyde and Forth was built under Ant on in us and Septimius Severus. Invasions of Roman Britain by the Picts and Scots took place in the 4th and 5th centuries. In the 6th century a kingdom was founded by the Dalriad Scots; there was a settlement of Angles in the southeast; and the conversion of the Picts was begun by Columba. A union of Picts and Scots into the kingdom of Albania or Scotia was effected in the 9th century. From the 8th century to the 11th there were raids by the Norsemen, and settlements were made by them especially in the Orkneys and Shetlands. King Malcolm II. achieved the conquest of Lothian in 1018. In the struggles between England and Scotland, the latter was invaded by William the Conqueror, but no territory was lost. The kingdom prospered in the 12th and 13th cent us ries, especially under the three Alexanders. The death of Margaret, the Maid of Norway, granddaughter of Alexan der III., led to a notable dispute about the succe ion, and to the interference of Edward I. of England in Scottish af fairs. In the contest between Bruce and Baliol, in which Edward was virtually arbitrator, Baliol (see Baliol , John de) was chosen king in 1292. He paid homage to Edward, but afterward renounced his allegiance, and a war followed which was really a struggle on Edward's part for sovereignty and on Scotland's for independence. Scotland was invaded by Edward in 1296. The Scots under Wallace were victorious at Stirling in 1297, but were defeated at Falkirk in 1298. On the death of Wallace in 1305, Robert Bruce succeeded as national leader, and was crowned king in 1306. The independence of Scotland was secured by the victory of Bannock burn in 1314, and was recognized by Edward III. in 1328. Robert II. (who succeeded in 1371), the son of Bruce's daughter, was the first sovereign of the Stuart dynasty. In 1513 the Scots under James IV. invaded England and suffered a disastrous defeat at Flodden, Sept. 9. The following are important among more recent events: reign of Mary Queen of Scots, 1542-67; in of the Reformation, 1560; invasion by the Eng froduction Somer of James VI., king of Scotland, to the throne of England as James I., 1603; succe of the Covenanters against Charles I., 1639-40; persecution of the Covenanters under Charles II. and James II.; legislative union of the twe kingdoms of England and Scotland, 1707; Jacobite insurrections 1715 and 1745-46. Area, 29,785 square miles. Population (1901), 4,472,103. When the disputed relations between the English and Scottish crowns began, the names of England and Scotland seem not to have been in use at all. And if we choose to use them as convenient ways of expre ing the English and Scottish territories as they then stood, we must still remember that the limits of those territories in no way answered to the modern limits of England and Scotland. Part of modern England was not yet English, and a very large part of modern Scotland was not yet Scottish. The growth of the Scottish nation and kingdom is one of the IMG:content-1024.png:[blocks in formation] 2. The natives or inhabitants of Scotland. Scots' Darien Colony. See Paters on , William . Scots Greys (skots grāz). A regiment of British dragoons, first organized under Claver house about 1683. Scots wha hae wi' Wallace bled. A song by Robert Burns. Scott (skot), Clement. Born at London, 1841. An English journalist, playwright, and dramatic critic. He has also published several volumes of poems: "Lays of a Londoner" (1882), "Lays and Lyrics" (1888), etc. Scott (skot), David. Born at Edinburgh, Oct. 10 (129), 1806: died there, March 5, 1849. A Scottish historical painter. He was the pupil of his father, an engraver. His chief works are "The Descent from the Cro ," "The Dead Rising at the Crucifixion," "Vasco da Gama," "Peter the Hermit," "Ariel and Caliban," etc. His illustrations for the "Monograms of Man" (outlines), Cole ridge's "Ancient Mariner," and "The Pilgrim's Progre " were published in 1831, 1837, and 1850. In 1841 he published a pamphlet on "British, French, and German Painting." His works are noted for boldne of conception and exaggerated draftsmanship. Scott, Sir George Gilbert. Born at Gawcott, near Bucking ham, July 13, 1811: died at London, March 27, 1878. An English architect, grandson of Thomas Scott (1747-1821). He became the chief practical architect of the Gothic restoration in England. In 1841 he erected the Martyrs' Memorial at Oxford, and in 1847 began at Ely the renovation of English cathedrals. In 1856 he was obliged by Lord Palmers ton to build the new Foreign, Home, and Domestic Offices in the Renai ance style. In 1862-63 he designed and con. structed the Albert Memorial. He was buried in the nave of Westminster Abbey. His "Personal and Profe ional Recollections" were edited by his son in 1879. He published a number of works on architecture, among which are "Remarks on Secular and Domestic Architecture" (1850), "Gleanings from Westminster Abbey" (1862), etc.; and others published after his death, are "Lectures on the Rise and Development of Mediæval Architecture" (1879), "English Church Architecture prior to the Separation of England from Rome" (1881). Scott, Hugh Stowell: pseudonym Henry Seton Merriman. Died at Melton, Suffolk, Nov. 19, 1903. A British novelist. He wrote "From One Generation to Another" (1892), "With Edged Tools" (1894), "The Sowers" (1896), "In Kedar's Tents" (1897), "Roden's Corner" (serially, 1898), etc. Scott, Michael. See Scot . Scott, Michael. Born at Glasgow, Oct. 30, 1789: died there, Nov. 7, 1835. A British novelist, writer of sea stories, among which are "Tom Cringle's Log," etc. Scott, Robert. Born in Devons hire, 1811: died 1887. An English lexicographer. In 1833 he graduated at Oxford (Christ Church). He took orders, and became master of Balliol in 1854, profe or of exegesis in 1861, and dean of Rochester in 1870. He a isted in forming the Oxford library of the "Fathers," and was a ociated with Dean Liddell in the preparation of Liddell and Scott's "Greek-English Lexicon" (1843). Scott, Thomas. Born at Braytoft, Lincoln shire, Feb. 16, 1747: died at Aston Sand ford, Bucking hams hire, April 16, 1821. An English clergyman. He was ordained in 1773, and in 1780 succeeded John Newton as curate of Olney. He published "The Force of Truth" (1779), the "Family Bible, with Notes" (5 vols., 1788-92), etc. Scott, Thomas Alexander. Born at Loudon, Franklin County, Pa., Dec. 28, 1824: died May 21, 1881. An American financier, long connected as vice-president and president with the Pennsylvania Railroad. He was a istant secretary of war 1861-62, and president of the Texas Pacific Railroad and other roads. Scott, Sir Walter. Born at Edinburgh, Aug. 15, 1771: died at Abbots ford, Sept. 21, 1832. A famous Scottish novelist and poet. He was the son of Walter Scott, a writer to the signet, and Anne Rutherford, daughter of Profe or John Rutherford of Edinburgh. He became lame in infancy. In 1779 he was sent to the Edinburgh high school, and later studied at the university and read for the bar. He was admitted member of the Faculty of Advocates in 1792, and in 1799 was made sheriff of Sel kirks hire, and in 1806 one of the clerks of se ion. In 1797 he married Mi Char pen tier (or Carpenter), daughter of a French refugee. Becoming inter Scott, Sir Walter ested in the new German romantic literature in 1788, he published translations of Bürger's ballads in 1796, and in 1799 a translation of Goethe's "Götz von Berlichingen." The "Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border" appeared 1802-03, and the first of his poems, "The Lay of the Last Minstrel," in 1805. These were published by Ballan tyne with whom he established an unfortunate partnership in busine . This was followed by the poems "Marmion" (1808), "The Lady of the Lake" (1810), "The Vision of Don Roderick" (1811), "Rokeby" (1813), "The Bridal of Trier main" (1813), "The Lord of the Isles" (1814), “The Field of Waterloo" (1815), and "Harold the Dauntle " (1817). In 1805 he wrote several chapters of a Scottish novel of the time of the last Jacobite rebellion: this was looked at in 1810, but was again laid aside till 1814, when it was completed and published anonymously (July 7) under the title of "Waverley, or 'Tis Sixty Years Since." It was the first of those masterpieces, the "Waverley Novels," which place Scott in the front rank of the writers of fiction. The following is the list of them: "Waverley" (1814), Manner ing" (1815), "The Antiquary" (1816), "Old Mortality" (1816), "The Black Dwarf" (1816), "Rob Roy" (1818), "The Heart of Mid loth i an" (1818), "The Bride of Lammer moor" (1819), "The Legend Montrose" (1819), "Ivanhoe" "The Monastery" (1820), "The Abbot" (1820), "Kenilworth" (1821), "The Pirate" (1822), "The Fortunes of Nigel" (1822), "Peveril of the Peak" (1823), "Quentin Durward" (1823), "St. Ronan's Well" (1824), "Red gauntlet" (1824), "The Betrothed" (1825), "The Talisman" (1825), "Wood stock" (1826), "The Two Drovers" (1827), "The Highland Widow" (1827), "The Surgeon's Daugh ter" (1827), "The Fair Maid of Perth" (1828), "Anne of Geierstein" (1829), "Count Robert of Paris" (1831), and "Castle Dangerous" (1831). His earliest printers and publishers were the Ballan tynes with whom he formed a secret partnership. The publishing busine was not succe ful-mainly, it would appear, from the production of costly works for which there was but a limited demand. In 1818 and later his copyrights were purchased by Constable, and when that publisher failed in 1826, the novelist was involved to the amount of £120,000-in addition to which he had private debts of £30,000. The purchase of the estate of Abbots ford, and the erection, adornment, and maintenance of the mansion (which he occupied from 1812 to 1826), had been a very serious drain on his resources. He struggled manfully to meet his liabilities; and by his publications (written, after the failure, in gradually failing health), and the disposal of copyrights after his death, his creditors were paid in full. The writer of the novels long remained "the Great Unknown"; extraordinary precau tions were taken to conceal the authorship, and the vast amount of literary work published by Scott under his own name helped to preserve the secret of his identity. It was not till Feb. 23, 1827, that he publicly confe ed himself "the total and undivided author." He was the first on whom the title of baronet was conferred (1820) by George IV. He edited the works of Dryden (1808: in 18 vols., with life) and of Swift (1814: in 19 vols., with life), and wrote, in addition to the works mentioned above, a "Life of Napoleon (9 vols. 1827), "Tales of a Grandfather" (1827-30), History of Scotland" (1829-30), "Letters on Demonology and Witchcraft" (1830), etc., besides numerous introductions, prefaces, and articles in magazines and reviews. His "Familiar Letters" were published in 1893. A biography of Scott, by his son-in-law, J. G. Lockhart, appeared 1836-38. Scott, William, Baron Stowell. Born Oct. 17, 1745: died Jan. 28, 1836. An English jurist, brother of Lord Eldon. He became judge of the Consistory Court and advocate-general in 1788: and was judge of the High Court of Admiralty 1798-1827. He is noted for his decisions in international law. Scott, William Bell. Born at Edinburgh, Sept. 12, 1811: died at Penkill Castle, Ayrshire, Nov. 22, 1890. A Scottish artist and poet, brother Scott, Win field. Born near Petersburg, Va., June 13, 1786: died at West Point, N. Y., May 29, 1866. An American general. He studied at William and Mary College; was admitted to the bar in entered the United States army captain in 188; served in the War of 1812, distinguishing himself in the attack on Queens town Heights (1812), and the battles of Chippewa and Lundy's Lane (1814); was made brigadier-general and brevet major-general in 1814; commanded in South Caro lin a during the Nullification troubles of 1832; served against the Semi noles and Creeks 1835-37; took part in Scranton (skranton). A city, capital of Lack a wanna County, Pennsylvania, situated on Lack a wanna River in lat. 41° 23′ N., long. 75° 43′ W. It is the fourth city in the State; is a railway center; is the center of a great coal-mining region and has extensive manufactures of iron, steel, locomotives, boilers, mach in ery, iron-ware, etc. It was made a city in 1866. Population (1900), 102,026. Scrap of Paper, A. A play adapted from Sardou's "Les pattes de mouche" (1861) by Palgrave Simpson. Charles Mathews produced an adaptation, by himself, in 1867 as "Adventures of a Love Letter." Scribe (skrib), The. A celebrated early Egyptian statue (5th dynasty), in the Louvre Museum, Paris. The figure is colored red, and has inlaid eyes of crystal; it sits cro -legged, with a striking expre ion of life and energy. Scribe (skreb), August in Eugène. Born at Paris, Dec. 24, 1791: died there, Feb. 20, 1861. A French dramatist. While studying law to please his mother, he wrote for the stage to satisfy his own tastes. He did not meet with succe . In time he gathered ex perience in dramatic matters sufficient to locate public taste; then he undertook to gratify it, and catered to it thereafter almost altogether. Either alone or in collab oration with others he wrote upward of 350 plays. His earliest succe es were "Flore et Zephire" (1816), "Le sol licit eur" (1817), "L'Ours et le pacha" (1820), "Le secrétaire et le cuisinier," "Mon oncle César," "Le ménage de garçon," "La petite sœur" (1821), "Valérie" (1822), etc. A number of his comedies were produced for the first time at the Comédie Française; among the best are "Le mariage d'argent" (1827), "Bertrand et Raton" (1833), "L'Ambitieux" (1834), "La camaraderie" and "Les indépendants" (1837), "La calomnie" and "Le verre d'eau" (1840), "Une chaîne" (1841), "Le fils de Cromwell" (1842), "Le puff, ou Mensonge et vérité" (1848), "Les contes de la reine de Navarre" (1850), "Bataille de dames" (1851), and "Les doigts de fée" (1858). The two last-named were written in collaboration with Legouvé, as was also the well-known drama "Adrienne Lecouvreur" (1849). Another drama of Scribe's composition was "La czarine" (1855). Scribe wrote also the words to an unusually large number of celebrated musical compositions, as, for instance, to Boieldieu's "La dame blanche" (1825); to Auber's "La muette de Portici" (1828), "Fra Diavolo" (1830), "Le domino noir" (1837) etc.; to Meyer beer's "Robert le Diable" (1831), "Les Huguenots" (1836), "Le prophète" (1849), "L'Etoile du Nord" (1854), and "L'Africaine" (1865); to Cherubin i's "Ali Baba" (1833); to Halévy's "La Juive" (1835), etc.; to Donizetti's "La favor it a" (1840); to Verdi's "Les vépres siciliennes" (1855); etc. Asa novelist Scribe was not particularly succe ful. He was received into the French Academy in 1836. of Scriblerus Club (skrib-lē'rus klub). A club writers in London, founded by Swift in 1714 after the breaking up of "The Brothers" in 1713. Among the members were Pope, Arbuthnot, Bolingbroke, Gay, and others. The object of the club was to satirize literary incompetence: it was not political. See Martin us Scriblerus . Scribner (skrib'nėr), Charles. Born at New York, Feb. 21, 1821: died at Lucerne, Switzer-. land, Aug. 26, 1871. An American publisher, the founder (1846) of the publishing house now Charles Scribner's Sons, and one of the found ers of "Scribner's Monthly" (1870). Scribonia (skri-bō'ni-ä). The wife of Augus- tus Cæsar, whom he married 40 B. c. and di- Scrivener (skriv'ner), Frederick Henry Am- brose. Born at Bermondsey, near London, Sept. 29, 1813: died at Hendon, Oct. 26, 1891. An English biblical scholar. Scyros Riverside Magazine for Young People" 1867-70; and the "Atlantic Monthly" 1890-98, succeeding Thomas B. Ald rich. He published "The Bodley Books" (1875-84), "Boston Town" (1881), "Seven Little People and their Friends" (1831), "Noah Webster" (1882), "History of the United States" (1884), "George Washington" (1886), and "Men and Letters" (1887); and edited "American Poems” (18:9), "American Prose" (1880), and "The American Common wealth Series" (from 1885). He was joint author with Mrs. Taylor of the "Life and Letters of Bayard Taylor" (1884). Scudder, Samuel Hubbard. Born at Boston, Ma ., April 13, 1837. An American naturalist, brother of Horace E. Scudder. He graduated at Wil. liams College in 1857, and at the Lawrence Scientific School of Harvard in 1862; was a istant librarian of Harvard 1879-85; and was appointed paleontologist to the U. S. Geological Survey in 1886. He has published a "Catalogue of Scientific Serials of all Countries, including the Transactions of Learned Societies 1633-1876" (1879), "Butterflies: their Structure, etc., with reference to American Forms" (1881), "Nomenclator Zoologic us" (1882), "The Butterflies Scudéry, or Scudery, or Scudéri (skü-da-re'), Georges de. Born Born at Havre about 1601: died at Paris, May 14, 1667. A French author, best known from his tragicomedy "L'Amour tyrannique" and his epic "Alaric." Scudéry, Madeleine de. Born at Havre in 1607: died at Paris, June 2, 1701. A French novelist and poet. On her parents' death she was care of the Eastern United States and Canada" (1887-). fully brought up by an uncle, and when he died she went to Paris with her brother Georges. Naturally bright and clever she was not slow to a ert her ability in the literary circle of the Hôtel de Rambouillet. When these famous gather. ings broke up as a gradual result of the internal troubles that attended the minority of Louis XIV., Mademoiselle de Scudéry was able to command her own salon, meeting every Saturday. Her first novel, "Ibrahim, ou l'illustre Ba a," appeared in 1641 under her brother's name. En. couraged by its succe , she affixed her own signature to the two works for which she is best known, "Artamène, ou le grand Cyrus" (1650) and "Clélie, his to ire romaine (1656). In these novels she has introduced under a umed names a great many of her contemporaries: in the former she speaks of herself as Sapho. Victor Cousin discovered the complete key to all her characters. In addition to these works, Mademoiselle de Scudéry published "Almahide, ou l'esclave reine" (1660), "Célinde" (1661), "Les femmes illustres, ou harangues héroïques" (1665), "Mathilde d'Aguilar, his to ire espagnole" (1665), "La promenade de Versailles, ou his to ire de Célanire" (1669), and finally "Le discours de la gloire" (1671), which won for the first time the academic prize for French eloquence founded by Jean Louis Guez de Balzac. IMG:content-1025.png:[blocks in formation] Scurcola, Battle of. See Tagliacozzo . Scutari (sköʻtä-rē). A city in Albania, the capi- tal of a vilayet of the Turkish empire, situated at the southern end of the Lake of Scutari, at its outlet into the Bojana, in lat. 42° 1' N., long. 19° 27′ E.: the ancient Scodra, and Slavic Ska- dar. It has considerable commerce, and manufactures of arms, etc. It was the capital of Illyria, and was con- quered by the Romans in 168 B. C. It pa ed from the Venetians to the Turks in 1479. Population, about 25,000. Scutari, Turk. Iskudar or Iskuder. A city in Asia Minor, Turkey, situated on the Bos- Trinity College, Cambridge, and 1846-56 was head-master of Falmouth School, and was one of the revisers of the New Testament. He published "Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament" (1861), "Cambridge Paragraph Bible" (1873), "Bezæ codex Cant a brig i ens is," etc. Scroggs (skrogz), Sir William. Died 1683. A venal, unjust, and brutal English judge, chief justice of the King's Bench 1678. He tried the victims of Titus Oates's anti popish conspiracies. settling with Great Britain the disputed boundary line of Maine and New Brunswick in 1839; became major-gen- eral and commander-in-chief of the army in 1841; was ap- pointed to the chief command in Mexico in 1847; took Vera Cruz in March; defeated the Mexicans at Cerro Gordo Scrooge (skröj), Ebenezer. The leading char- in April, Contreras and Churubusco in Aug., Molino del Rey and Chapultepec in Sept., and occupied Mexico Sept. 14, 1847; was an unsucce ful Whig candidate for President in 1852; was appointed brevet lieutenant-general in a commi ioner to settle San Juan question with Great Britain in 1859; and retired from active service in the autumn of 1861. He wrote "General Regulations for the Army" (1825), "Infantry Tactics" (1835), and an autobiography (1864). Scottish Chiefs, The. A romance by Jane Porter, published in 1810. It is founded on early Scottish history. Scotus, Duns. See Duns Scotus . Scotus Erigena. See Erigena . Scourers. See Mohocks . Scourge of God, The. Attila. Scourge of Homer. Zoilus. Scourge of Princes. The satirist Pietro Aretino. Scourge of Scotland. A name sometimes given to Edward I. of England. Scourge of Villanie, The. A work by Marston, consisting of a series of satires published in 1598 under the name of W. Kinsayder, which has been variously explained. acter in Dickens's "Christmas Carol." He is "a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, cove to us old sinner"; but is visited by spirits on Chrindly man, Scrope (skrop), George Poulett. Born at London, 1797: died Jan. 19, 1876. An English geologist. He was educated at Harrow and Cambridge. On his marriage he changed his name (Thomson) to that of his wife (Scrope). He studied volcanic phenomena at Vesuvius and in France; and published "Considerations and changed by his experiences into a worthy, Volume 1824) Geology of the Extinct Vol on so on in Central France" (1827). Scrope, or Scroop (skröp), Richard, Executed 1405. An English prelate, archbishop of York: one of the leaders in the insurrections of 1403-05. Scrub (skrub). In "The Beaux' Stratagem" by Farquhar, an amusing valet: a favorite character with Garrick. Scud am our, Sir. In Spenser's "Faerie Queene," the lover of Amoretta. Scudder (skud'er), Horace Elisha. Born at Boston, Ma ., Oct. 16, 1838: died at Cambridge, Ma ., Jan. 11, 1902. An American author. He graduated at Williams College in 1858; edited "The Scutari, Lake of. A lake on the border of Monte negro and Albania in European Turkey. Its outlet is by the Bojana into the Adriatic. Length, 29 miles. Scutum Sobiescianum (sku tum sō-bi-es-i-ānum). [L., 'shield of Sobieski.'] A constellation made by Hevelius late in the 17th century, and representing the shield of the king of Poland, John Sobieski, with a cro upon it to signify that he had fought for the Christian re ligion at the siege of Vienna. It lies in the brightest part of the Milky Way, over the bow of Sag it tar i us. Its brightest star is of the fourth magnitude. Scylla (sil'ä). [Gr. Σκύλλα.] In Greek mythology, a sea-monster, said to have been a seanymph (according to some traditions), and represented as dwelling in the rock Scylla, opposite Charybdis, in the Strait of Me ina. See Cha rybdis . Scylla. In Greek legend, a daughter of King Nisus of Megara, sometimes confused with the sea-monster Scylla. Scylla (town). See Scilla . Scyllæum (si-lē'um). [Gr. Σκυλλαῖον .] In an- cient geography, a promontory in Argolis, Greece, projecting into the Ægean: the eastern- most point of the Peloponnesus: the modern Kavo-Skyli. Scyllæum. [Gr. Σκύλλαιον .] A promontory in southern Italy, projecting into the Strait of Me ina: the modern Scilla or Sciglio. Scyros (sī'ros). [Gr. Σκύρος.] 1. In ancient geography, an island of Greece, in the Ægean The Century Cyclopedia of Names ☑ Scythia (sith'i-ä). [Gr. Σκυθία .] In ancient geography, a name of varying meaning. It designated at first a region in modern southern Ru ia and Rumania inhabited by the Scythians (see below). They resisted the invasion of Darius I. of Persia. After the time of Alexander the Great they were subjugated by the Sarmatians and others. Later Scythia denoted northern and much of central Asia, divided by the Imaus Mountains into Scythia Intra Imaum and Scythia Extra Imaum. As a Roman province it comprised the lands immediately south of the mouths of the Danube. Scythians (sith'i-anz). In ancient times, the inhabitants of the whole north and northeast of Europe and Asia (which was called by the Greeks Scythia). After the time of Hero dot us the northeast of Europe received the name of Sarmatia, while all central Asia was still considered as inhabited by the Scythians. Of the nomadic tribes of the Scythians are mentioned the Aorses north of the Caspian Sea, extending to the hehehe Sacrantes: ern Kirgises). In the 7th century B. C. Scythian hordes, strengthened by the Cimmerians (which see), invaded Me dia, next Armenia and As syria, reaching over Syria and Palestine to the frontiers of Egypt, and leaving everywhere ✓ behind them desolation. Many exegetes a ume that Eze kiel, in his description of the hosts of Gog and Magog (ch. xxxviii. and xxxix.), alludes to this invasion. They scat 11 tered and were disintegrated, some of them having been killed, others returning to the north, and still others remaining in the countries they invaded. Scythopolis (si-thop' (si-thop'ō-lis). [Gr.] Beth-she an, a city of the Dec a polis: capolis: the modern Beisan, about 55 miles north-northeast of Jerusalem. Sea-Born City, The. An epithet of Venice. Seaham (sē'am), or Dawdon on (da'don). A seaport in the county of Durham, England, situ✓ ated on the North Sea 5 miles south of Sunder land. Population (1891), 8,856. Seal Islands. See Lobos Islands.