ENEMA

or clyster is an injection into the lower bowel. Such an injection cannot pa further than the junction of the large and emall intestine because the ileo-cxcal valve 1 prevents this. The purpose for which enemata are given | varies. They may be cla ified thus:— | Parpoe. Composition. | ees } —_—--— - -”~S~<“<“ Srr''''-----—OoOoOr- |) OO OO CU Or": 1. To the | (a) Yellow soap and | In at blood. y bowel mas pint of water. fas with a Hig-: eater | ql two] In cold with a i ee ae ae ring c) Gruel or 3 l Bias starch mek " ’ lage or olive oil one j 2, Tolock up the | Laudanum one tea- Injected at blood = bowels. spoonful in starch with a gla , sae i) four or; syringe. ’ five tablespoonfuls. ‘ 3 ¥ 8. To expel wind. | Oil of turpentine two} Az in 1 (@),; tablespoonfuls in r grucl or starch Ms mucilage, half «: pint. [ eee y 4. To quench| Water one pint,} Ssinl, thirst when table salt one ten 7; water ia not} spoonful,, = allowed y the - mouth. Tobe ‘ ore twice ally. ee ee Oe ew ene eee rere eee os ae INT. A MrvIUAL Porpose. Cempantica. | Administestioa. B. To feed the| Peptonized milk or) The bowel fs Grst tient whenj be of tea eight washed out and food is not/ tablespoonfuls, or the nutrient then given ¥ the| beef-tea and pep allowed ta run in moutb. tonized milk, of slowly from a gla aro. nutrient} each four table syringe, to which a cremata usual- = arg The piece of soft india- Ph every ve to be thick rubber tubing is hours). ened by the addition attached. The of the yolk of an tubing should be eng. lubricated at the Roef-tea eight tablotip with vaseline, spoonfuls and soma not glycerine. The tose one half teafluid should run in spoonful di olved by its own weight; in it ia another the piston of the recipe. A teaspoon syringe should be fal of grape sugar removed. The and of brandy is temperature i3 often added also. blood-hest. — << - ————E—EE——EE $8. To stimulate; Brandy two table-| Allowed to run in at a patient who is| epoonfuls, in coffee blood-heat as in 5. ee six tablespoonfuls. to swallow. 7. To kill thread | Infusion of i As in 1 (a) worms, chips, or a strong solution of gait in water. Fora child half a pint. To administer an enema. The enema is first prepared and the temperature taken with a bath thermometer. Tho enema is injected at 99° F., and therefore should be about 105° in the jug to allow for cooling, the smaller the bulk of fluid the more important this is. The bed is prepared by placing a mackintosh and clean towel beneath the buttocks of the patient. The patient is placed on the leit side and the buttocks brought to the edge of the bed. Stimulants should be handy es occasionally the patient faints, though this is very rere. The syringo is then filled till all air is excluded, as it is important not to inject air. In the case of the yay syringe this is best done by placing both ends in fiuid and ainaray, the ball until no more stander gen The nozzle is thon softened in hot water, lo with vaseline, and gently inserted. The fluid to be injected is generally put into a bow! and either the right amount only put in or the number of squeezes of the ball of the syringe counted. Each squeeze may be congidered to inject two tablespoonfuls, and a pint contains oly dn gscxsgegiao A douche can, raised two feet from the may be used instead of a Higginson, and for sclfadministration is better. If an enema is to be retained it must be given more pens. than when it is not, but in any case there should be a slig arene between each squeczo of tho syringe. By pre ing buttocks ea with a cloth and by letting the patient lie still with a low pillow Of none s0 that the buttocks aro rath or above the level of the head, onemata can often bo retained which are otherwise eit regard to the preparation of the enemata themselves: a So prptoosing milk are given under milk, whilst to make mucilage the fo!lowing directions may be ‘useful:—W ork up two teaspoonfuis of starch into paste with ‘B little cold water and then add half a pint of being water ‘and stir. Next, to judge the quantity of an aperient enema Buitable for different ages, a oy guide is to allow two ‘tablespoonful a for cach year of life up to twenty years. Nutrient enemata shock, however, not exceed cight tablespoonfuls, or rojection generally follows. Supposi- ‘tories are made of gelatine or cxcao butter, which melts at blood heat, and they contain nutriont materia! or drugs. “Their use is not recommended, as they aro apt to cause Arritation end to [i] to melt.. [s. 359]