The dates for the Trojan war vary almost two centuries

Duris placed it as early as B. C. 1335 (Clem. Alex. Stromat. i. p. 337, A.). Clemens in B. C. 1149. I so crates, Ephorus, Demo crit us, and Phanias seemed to have inclined to the later, Hero dot us, Thucydides, the author of the Life of Homer, and the compiler of the Parian Marble,. to the earlier period. The date now usually received, B. C. 1183, is that of Eratosthenes, whose chronology was purely artificial and rested on no solid basis. The following is a list of the principal views on this subject: Duris placed the fall of Troy in 1335 B. C.; author of the Life of Homer, 1270; Hero dot us, 1260; Thucydides, 1260; Parian Marble, 1209; Eratosthenes, 1183: Sosibius, 1171; Ephorus, 1169; Clemens, 1149. Rawlinson , Herod., II. 223, note. Trollope (trol'up), Anthony. Born at London, April 24, 1815: died Dec. 6, 1882. An English novelist, son of Frances Trollope. He studied at Harrow and Winchester, and spent the greater part of his life in the postal service, as inspector in Ireland, England, and abroad. He a isted in establishing the "Fortnightly Review" in 1865. In 1867 he retired from the post-office and undertook the management of "St. Paul's," a magazine which existed only for about 30 years. He came to the United States in 1868 on post-office affairs and with a view to establishing an international copyright. Among his novels, in many of which the same characters (notably Mrs. Proudie and Lady Glencora) and the same localities reappear, retaining their identity, are "The Macdermots of Ballycloran" (1847), "The Kellys and the O'Kellys" (1848), "La Vendée" (1850), "The Warden" (1855), "Bar chester Towers" (1857), "The Three Clerks" (1857), "Doctor Thorne" (1858), "The Bertrams" (1859), "Castle Richmond" (1860), "Orley Farm" (1861-62), "Framley Parsonage" (1861), "Tales of All Countries" (1861-63), "The Struggles of Brown, Jones, and Robinson" (1862), "Rachel Ray" (1863), "The Small House at Allington" (1864), "Can You Forgive Her?" (1864), "Mi Mackenzie" (1865), "The Clave rings" (1867), "Nina Balatka" (1867), "The Last Chronicle of Barset" "(1867), "Linda Tres sel" (1868), "He Knew He was was Right" (1869), "Phineas Finn" (1869), "The Vicar of Bull hampton" (1870), "Sir Harry Hotspur of Humble thwaite" (1870), "Phineas Redux" (1873), "Lady Anna" (1874), "Harry Heath cote, etc." (1874), "The Way we Live Now" (1875), "The Prime Minister" (1875), "The American Senator" (1877), "Is He Pop enjoy?" (1878), "John Caldigate" (1879), "An Eye for an Eye" (1879), "Cousin Henry" (1879), "The Duke's Children" (1880), "Ayala's Angel" (1881), “ "Dr. Wortle's School" (1881), "The Fixed Period" (1882), "Kept in the Dark" (1882), "Marion Fay” (1882), "Mr. Scar borough's Family" (1882), "The Land Leaguers" (unfinished, 1882), "An Old Man's Love" (1884). His "Autobiography" was published in 1883: it was written in 1875-76, with additions In 1879. Among his books of travel are "The West Indies and the Spanish Main" (1859), "North America" (1862), and travels in South Africa, Australia, etc. He also wrote lives of Cicero (1880), and of Thackeray (in "English Men of Letters," 1879), etc. Trollope, Mrs. (Frances Milton). Born at Stap let on, near Bristol, 1780: died at Florence, Oct. 6,1863. An English novelist and writer of travels, the mother of Anthony and T. Adolphus Trollope. She lived in the United States 1829-32. She wrote "Domestic Manners of the Americans" (1832: which created much comment) and various travels on the Continent. Among her numerous novels are "The Vicar of Wrexhill," "The Widow Barnaby," and "Petticoat Government." inversion of Boccaccionow hosting of here Gesadde Trollope, Thomas Adolphus. Born April 29, Troie" of Benoît de Sainte-Maure (in which the story first appeared as an addition of Sainte-Maure's to the legen dary history of Troy ascribed to Dares Phrygius and Dictys Cretensis), or of the Latin version of Sainte-Maure by Guido Colonna. The Lollius to whom Chaucer attributes the story is now thought to be mythical. 2. A play by Dekker and Chettle, acted in 1599.-3. A tragedy by Shakspere, thought to be altered from an older one. It was played at the Globe about 1600, licensed to be printed in 1603 and 1609, and printed in the folio edition of 1623. Troilus and Cre ida, or Truth Found too Late. A play by Dryden, printed in 1678, in which be undertook to "correct" what he "opined was in all probability” one of “Shakspere's first Endeavours on the Stage." Trois Couleurs (trwä kö-ler'), Les. [F., 'The Tricolor.] A popular French political song, written after 1830 by Adolphe Vogel, celebrating the fall of the white flag and the return of the tricolor. Trois Échelles (trwäzā-shel'). [F., 'three ladders.] The executioner of Louis XI. of France. Scott introduces him in "Quentin Durward." Trois Mousquetaires (trwä mös-ke-tar'), Les. [F., The Three Musketeers.'] A novel by Alex 1810: died at Clifton, Nov. 11, 1892. An English writer, brother of Anthony Trollope. He was educated at Winchester and Oxford. He went to Italy in 1841, and resided in Florence till 1873, when he went to Rome. In 1888 he returned to England. He wrote "A Summer in Britt any" (1840), "A Summer in Western France" (1841), "Impre ions of a Wanderer, etc." (1850), "The Girlhood of Catherine de' Medici" (1856), " "A Decade of Italian Women" (1859: Vittoria Colonna was included in this), "Tuscany in 1849 and in 1859" (1859), "Filippo Strozzi" (1860), "Paul V. the Pope and Paul the Friar" (1860), "A Lenten Journey in Umbria, etc." (1862), "A History of the Commonwealth of Florence" (1865), "The l'apal Conclaves as they Were and as they Are" (1876), "Life of Pope Pius the Ninth" (1877), "A Peep Behind the Scenes at Rome" (1877), "Sketches from French History" (1878), "What I Remember" (1887), etc. He wrote also a num ber of novels, among them "La Beata," "Lindisfarn Chase," "Diamond Cut Diamond," and "The Garstangs of Garstang Grange." His second wife, Frances Eleanor Ternan, has written a number of novels, among them "Aunt Margaret's Trouble," "The Sacristan's Household," and "That Unfortunate Marriage." With her husband she wrote "Homes and Haunts of the Italian Poets" (1881). Tromp (tromp), Cornel is or Cornel i us. Born Sept. 9, 1629: died at Amsterdam, May 29, 1691. A Dutch admiral, son of M. H. Tromp. He obtained a command against the Algerine pirates at the age of nineteen, and was promoted rear-admiral about 1653 He was defeated by the English at Solebay in 1665; served Trow bridge, John under De Ruyter in 1666; and gained several victories over the Allies in 1673. He afterward a isted the Danes against the Swedes, and became lieutenant-admiral-general of the United Provinces on the death of De Ruyter in 1676. Tromp, Martin Harpertzoon. Born at Briel, Netherlands, 1597: killed July 31,1653. A Dutch admiral. He entered the navy in 1624; was made lieutenant-admiral in 1637; gained two decisive victories over the Spaniards in 1639; was worsted by Blake in the Downs May 19, 1652; defeated Blake off Dungene Nov. 29, 1652; fought a drawn battle with Blake, Monk, and Deane in the Channel Feb. 18-20, 1653; fought an indecisive engage ment with Deane and Monk in the Channel in June; and was defeated by Monk off the Texel, and killed, July 31, 1653. Trompeter von Säckingen, Der. [G., 'The Trumpeter of Säckingen.] A popular epic poem by Joseph Victor von Scheffel (published in 1853), which has reached its 200th edition in Germany. It has been translated into English under the title of "The Trumpeter: a Romance of the Rhine," and is the subject of several operas: one by Victor Ne ler was produced in 1884. Tromsö (trom'sė). The capital of the stift and amt of Tromsö, Norway, situated on the small island Tromsö, in Tromsö Sound, in lat. 69° 39′ N., long. 18° 57′ E. It has seal and walrus-fisheries, and a trade in furs and fish. Population, 6,079. Trondhjem (trond'yem). A stift in central Norway. Trondhjem, or Throndhjem (trond'yem), or Drontheim (dront'him). A seaport and the third city in Norway, capital of Trondhjem stift, situated on the Trondhjem Fjord in lat. 63° 27′ N., long. 10° 23′ E. It has important foreign and domestic commerce; exports fish, lumber, copper, etc.; and has ship-building and manufactures. Its cathedral, the most notable church in Scand in a via, was founded in the 11th century, but rebuilt in the 12th and 13th. The Romanesque transept, with its tower, and the beautiful chapterhouse are of the 12th century; and the choir, with its chapels and the octangular chevet, and the impre ive nave are of the 13th. The eastern end of the church is architecturally distinct from the remainder of the building, and forms a feature of the nature of Becket's Crown at Canterbury. The western façade exhibits a rose-window and a profusion of sculpture. The cathedral was an early burial-place for the kings of Norway, and is now the place of their coronation. It has for many years been undergoing a careful restoration. Population (1891), with suburbs, 29,162. Trondhjem Fjord. A fiord on the western coast of Norway, extending inland about 70 miles. Trophonius (tro-fo'ni-us). [Gr. Τροφώνιος.] A Greek architect, reputed to have been the son of Erginus, king of Or cho menus, or of Apollo. He is said to have built, with his brother A game des, the temple of Apollo at Delphi. He was celebrated as a hero after his death, and had an oracle in a cave near Lebadeia in Bœotia. Troppau (trop'pou). A former principality, now in large part belonging to Pru ia. Troppau, Slav. Opava. The capital of Austrian Silesia, situated on the Oppa, on the Pru ian frontier, in lat. 49° 56′ N., long. 17° 54′ E. Population (1890), 22,867. Troppau, Congre of. A congre of the monarchs of Ru ia, Austria, and Pru ia, held at Troppau Oct.-Dec., 1820, for the purpose of deliberating on the Neapolitan revolution and other popular movements, and preserving the Holy Alliance. Tro achs, or Trosachs (tros'aks). A romantic valley in the Highlands of western Perth shire, between Lochs Katrine and Achray: made celebrated by Scott in the "Lady of the Lake." Trotwood (trot'wud), Betsey. The eccentric but kind-hearted great aunt of David Copper field, in Dickens's novel "David Copper field." Troup (tröp), George McIntosh. Born at MeIntosh Bluff, Ga., Sept. 8, 1780: died in Laurens County, Ga., May 3, 1856. An American politician. He was member of Congre from Georgia 18071815; United States senator 1816-18; governor of Georgia 1823-27; and United States senator 1829-33. He was a prominent advocate of State rights. Trou eau (trö-sō'), Armand. Born at Tours, France, 1801: died at Paris, Nov. 22, 1866. A noted French physician, profe or in the medical faculty and physician at the Hôtel Dieu at Paris. He wrote "Traité de thérapeutique et de mat ière médicale" (1836-39), etc. Trouville (trö-vēl'). A seaport in the department of Calvados, France, situated at the mouth of the Touques in the Bay of the Seine, 9 miles south of Le Havre. It is a frequented seaside resort. Population (1891), commune, 6.243. On the other side of the Touques is the town Deauville. Trovatore (tro-vä-tō're), Il. [It., 'The Troubadour.'] An opera by Verdi, produced at Rome in 1853. An English version, "The Gipsy's Vengeance," was produced at Drury Lane in 1856. Trow bridge (tro'brij), John. Born at Boston, Ma ., Aug. 5, 1843. An American physicist, Trow bridge, John Rumford profe or of the application of science to the useful arts at Harvard (since 1888). He is the author of "The New Physics: a Manual of Experimental Study" (1884). Trow bridge, John Town send. Born at Ogden, N. Y., Sept. 18, 1827. An American novelist, poet, and editor. Among his works are the novels "Neighbor Jack wood" (1857), "Cudjo's Cave" (1863), "Coupon Bonds, etc." (1871); books for the young, "His Own Master" "(1877), "The Tinkham Brothers' Tide-Mill" (1884), the "Jack Hazard" stories, etc.; and several vols. of poems, notably "The Vagabonds, and Other Poems" (1869), "The Book of Gold" (1877), "The Lost Earl" (1888). Trow bridge, William Petit. Born in Oakland County, Mich., May 25, 1828: died at New Haven, Conn., Aug. 12, 1892. An American engineer. He graduated at West Point in 1848; was for many years connected with the United States Coast Survey; and be came profe or of engineering in the School of Mines at Columbia College in 1876. He published "Heat as a Source of Power" (1874), etc. Troy (troi). [L. Troja , Gr. Τροία, Τροίη, Τρωία , Τρωίη.] An ancient city of the Troad, famous in Greek legend as the capital of Priam and the object of the siege by the allied Greeks under Agamemnon. See Iliad and Trojan War . The site of this Homeric city was generally believed in antiquity to be identical with that of the Greek Ilium (which see), the modern Hi arlik; and this view has been supported in recent times most notably by Schliemann, whose explorations at Hi arlik laid bare remains of a series (6 or 7) of ancient towns, one above the other, at least one of which is universally admitted to be prehistoric. The third and later the second from the bottom he identified with the Homeric town. On the other hand, some scholars regard the situation of Ilium as irreconcilable with Homer's description of Troy, and prefer a site in the neighborhood of the modern Bunárbashi, holding Schliemann's results to be inconclusive. Troy (troi). The capital of Ren elaer County, New York, situated on the eastern bank of the Hudson, 6 miles north of Albany, at the head of steam navigation of the Hudson. It is practically the terminus of the Erie and Cham plain canals, and has extensive manufactures of iron, steel, stoves, shirts, col etc. It is the seat of the Ren elaer Polytechnic In stitute. Troy was settled by the Dutch in the latter part of the 18th century, and was incorporated in 1816. The name Troy was adopted in 1789. Population (1890), 60,956. Troy, West. See West Troy. Troya (tro'yä), Carlo. Born at Naples, June 7, 1784: died there, July 27, 1858. An Italian historian, a writer on Dante and on early Italian history. His chief work is "Storia d'Italia del medio evo" (1839-51). Troyes (trwä). The capital of the department of Aube, France, situated on several arms of the Seine in lat. 48° 18' N., long. 4° 4′ E.: the Roman Aug us to bona and the ML. Trece and Trecas. It has large manufactures of stockings, etc., and flourishing trade. Its cathedral is in great part of the 13th century, with a fine Flamboyant west front. It has double aisles and numerous chapels; the nave is unusually wide, and the effect is of notable lightne and space. There is much old gla , splendid in color. The length is 374 feet, the height 96. Troyes was the capital of the Trica es Trica i); was sacked by the Normans; and be the Central Pacific Railroad 91 miles northeast of Sacramento. Population (1890), 1,350. Truckee River. A river in eastern California and western Nevada which flows from Lake Tahoe into Pyramid Lake. Length, about 125 miles. Truculent us (truk-ū-len'tus). [L., 'fierce,' stern. A comedy by Plautus. IMG:content-0985.png:[blocks in formation] Trümmelbach (trüm'mel-bäch) Fall. A noted cascade in the Bernese Oberland, Switzerland, near Lauterbrunnen. Trumpeter of Säckingen. See Trompeter . tion, about 3,000. Trujillo, Chimu ). Population (1889), about 11,000. Trujillo, In tendency of. See Libertad . Truli (tröʻli). [MGr. Τροῦλοι.] See the extract.