Length, about 80 miles

Bacchus (bak'us). [L., Gr. Βάκχος, another name of Dionysus, the god of wine; also one of his followers or priests. Also called " Ιακχος , prob. related to iάχειν , shout, with allusion to the noisy manner in which the festival of Dionysus was celebrated.] In cla ical mythology, Bach, Johann Sebastian. Born at Eisenach, March 21, 1685: died at Leipsic, July 28, 1750. An organist, and one of the greatest of composers of church music. At the age of ten (then an orphan) he went to live with his brother Johann Chris toph, organist at Ohrdruff, and at fifteen entered the Michælis school at Lüneburg. He became a violinist in the court band of Prince Johann Ernst at We i mar in 1703; organist at Arnstadt in 1704; organist at Mühlhausen in 1707; court organist at Weimar in 1708; kapellmeister to the Prince of Anhalt-Köthen at Köthen in 1717; cantor at the Thomas-Schule, and organist and director of music in two churches at Leipsic (1723-50); honorary court composer to the Elector of Saxony (1736); and honorary kapell lord keeper in 1617, and lord chancellor in 1618; and was tried in 1621 for bribery, condemned, fined, and removed from office. A notable incident of his career was his connection with the Earl of E ex, which began in July, 1591, remained an intimate friendship until the fall of E ex (1600-01), and ended in Bacon's active efforts to Bach, Johann Sebastian meister to the Duke of Wei enfels. His works-chiefly church and piano music-are numerous. He was twice married, and had seven children by his first wife and thirteen by the second. Bach, Karl Philipp Emanuel. Born at Weimar, March 14, 1714: died at Hamburg, Dec. 14, 1788. A distinguished composer, son of Johann Sebastian Bach. He went to Berlin in 1737, and in 1740 entered the service of Frederick the Great as court mus i cian, remaining in this position until 1767; he then went to Hamburg. He was a voluminous composer of piano music, oratorios, etc.; he also wrote on the theory of piano playing. Bach, Wilhelm Friedemann. Born at Weimar, 1710: died at Berlin, July 1, 1784. The eldest son of Johann Sebastian Bach, organist of the Church of St. Sophia in Dresden (1733) and of St. Mary's at Halle (1747–1767). He was an organist and composer of great ability, but was of di olute habits. He died in want and degradation. Bacharach (bä'chä-räch). A town in the Rhine Province, Pru ia, on the Rhine 24 miles above Coblentz: famous for its wines. Near it is the castle Stahleck, an ancient residence of the palatines. Bache (bach), Alexander Dallas. Born at Philadelphia, July 19, 1806: died at Newport, R. I., Feb. 17, 1867. An American physicist, son of Richard Bache and grandson of Benjamin Franklin. He was a graduate of West Point 1825; profe or of natural philosophy and chemistry in the University of Pennsylvania 1828-41; the organizer of Girard College 1836, and its first president; and superintendent of the Coast Survey 1843-67. He wrote "Observations at the Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory at the Girard College," and various scientific papers. Bache, Francis Edward. Born at Birmingham, England, Sept. 14, 1833: died there, Aug. 24, 1858. An English composer, author of music for the pianoforte, operas, songs, etc. Bache, Franklin. Born at Philadelphia, Oct. 25, 1792: died there, March 19, 1864. An American physician and chemist, a cousin of Alexander Dallas Bache. He was profe or of chem istry in the Franklin Institute 1826-32, in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy 1831-41, and in Jefferson Medical College 1841-64. With Dr. Wood he prepared a "Pharma copœia," (1830), which was the foundation of the "United States Pharma copœia" and "United States Dispensatory." He was editor, with Dr. Wood, of the "Dispensatory' 1833-64. Bache, Richard. Born at Settle, Yorkshire, England, Sept. 12, 1737: died in Berks County, Pa., July 29, 1811. Son-in-law of Benjamin Franklin, postmaster-general of the United States 1776-82. Bache, Sarah. Born at Philadelphia, Sept. 11, 1744: died Oct. 5, 1808. Daughter of Benjamin Franklin, and wife of Richard Bache. Bachelor of Salamanca, The (F. "Le bachelier de Sal a manque, ou les mémoires de Don Chérubin de la Ronda"). A romance by Le Sage. According to a statement of the author in the first edition (1736) it was taken from a Spanish manuscript; but this was not really the case. It was his last novel. ( Bachelor here means a 'bachelor of arts..) Bachergebirge (bä'chèr-ge-bēr'ge). A mountain group in southern Styria, south of the River, now largely filled in and forming a wealthy quarter of Boston, Ma achusetts. Backbite (bak'bit), Sir Benjamin. A slanderer in Sheridan's comedy "The School for Scandal." Backer gunge (bäk'er-gunj), or Bakerganj, or Bakarganj (bäk'ar-ganj). A district in the Dacca division, Bengal, British India, in the Ganges delta. Area, 3,649 square miles. Population (1891), 2,153,965. Backhuysen (bäk'hoi-zen), or Bakhuyzen, Ludolf. Born at Emden, in East Fries land, Dec. 18, 1631: died at Amsterdam, Nov. 17, 1708 (17092). A Dutch marine painter. Back nang (bäk'näng). A town in the Neckar circle, Würtemberg, on the Murr 15 miles northeast of Stuttgart. Population (1890),commune, 6,767. Bäckström (bāk's trém), Per Johan Edvard. Born at Stockholm, Oct. 27, 1841: died there, Feb. 12, 1886. A Swedish poet and dramatist. He was editor of "Teater och Musik" (1876), of "Nu" (1877), and of "Post och Inrikes Tidningar" (from 1878 to his death), and author of the tragedy "Dagvard Frey" (1877), etc. Backtischwah. See Bakhtishwa . Back us (bak'us), Isaac. [ME. bakhous , AS. bæchūs , bake-house.] Born at Norwich, Conn., Jan. 9, 1724: died Nov. 20, 1806. An American Baptist minister, author of a "History of New England, with Special Reference to the Bap- tists" (1777--96), etc. Back well (bak'wel), Edward. Died 1683. A London goldsmith and alderman who played an important part in financial affairs under Cromwell and Charles II. He is regarded as the chief founder of the banking system in England. Bacler d'Albe (bäk-lär dälb'), Louis Albert Ghislam, Baron. Born at Saint-Pol, Pas-deCal a is, France, Oct. 21, 1762: died at Sèvres, Sept. 12, 1824. A French painter, chartographer, and soldier. He served with distinction under Napoleon 1796-1814, especially as director of the topographical bureau, and attained (1813) the rank of brigadier general. His best-known work is a picture of the battle of Arcole, in which he took part. Bac-ninh (bäk-nēny'). A town in Tonkin, in the delta of the Red River northeast of Hanoi. Near it several engagements in the French war in Tonkin took place in 1884. Bacolor (bä-kō-lōr'). A town in Luzon, Philippine Islands, northwest of Manila. Population (1887), 12,978. Bacon (ba'kon), Anthony. Born 1558: died May, 1601. Än English diplomatist, son of Sir Nicholas Bacon by his second wife, and brother of Francis Bacon. He attached himself (1593) to the Earl of E ex, and followed his fortunes until his death, acting for seven years as his private foreign secretary. Bacon, Delia. Born at Tall madge, Ohio, Feb. 2, 1811: died at Hartford, Conn., Sept. 2, 1859. An American writer, sister of Leonard Bacon. Her best-known work is the "Philosophy of the Plays of Shakespeare Unfolded" (1857), in which she attempted to prove that the plays attributed to Shakspere are the work of Francis Bacon and others. wanken. IMG:content-0159.png:[blocks in formation] 1776: died at Utica, N. Y., Oct. 18, 1870. An American jurist and politician. He was member of Congre from Ma achusetts 1807-13, and first comptroller of the United States Treasury 1813-15. don, Jan. 22, 1561: died at High gate, April Bacon, Francis. Born at York House, Lonrist, and Bachimanuadman), "Quadrupeds of North America." 9, 1626. A celebrated English philosopher, ju- Bacup "Hist or i a Ventorum" (1622), "Hist or i a Vitæ et Mortis" (1623), "Hist or i a Densi et Rari" (posthumously, 1658), "Sylva Sylvarum" (posthumously, 1627), "New At lant is," "E ays" (1597, 1612, 1625), "De Sapient i a Veterum (1609), "Apothegms New and Old," "History of Henry VII." (1622). Works edited by Ellis, Spedding, and Heath (7 vols. 1857); Life by Spedding (7 vols. 1861, 2 vols. 1878). See Shakspere . Bacon, John. Born at London, Nov. 24, 1740: died there, Aug. 4, 1799. An English sculptor. Among his works are monuments to Pitt (Guildhall and Westminster Abbey), Dr. Johnson and Howard (St. Paul's), and Black stone (All Souls, Oxford). Bacon, Leonard. Born at Detroit, Mich., Feb. 19, 1802: died at New Haven, Conn., Dec. 24 1881. An American Congregational clergy. man, editor, and author. He was pastor in New Haven (1st church 1825-81), profe or and lecturer (1871) in New Haven Theological Seminary (1866-81), one of the founders of the "New Eng lander," and one of the founders and editors of the New York "Independent." Bacon, Nathaniel. Born 1593: died 1660. An English Puritan lawyer, member of Parliament 1645-60, and master of requests under Crom well and Richard Cromwell. He was the author of a "Historical Discourse of the Uniformity of the Government of England" (1647-51). Bacon, Nathaniel. Born in England about 1642: died Oct., 1676. An Anglo-American lawyer, son of Thomas Bacon of Friston Hall, Suffolk, England. He emigrated to Virginia, settled on the upper James, and became a member of the governor's council. He was chosen by the Virgin i ans, who were di atisfied with Governor Berkeley's Indian policy, to lead an expedition against the Indians, but was refused a commi ion by the governor. He neverthele invaded the Indian territory in 1676, but was proclaimed a rebel by Governor Berkeley, was captured, tried before the governor and council, and acquitted. The enthusiasm which Bacon's cause awakened was taken advantage of to demand the abolition of exorbitant taxes, the recently imposed restrictions on the suffrage, and other evils. Having been proclaimed a rebel a second time by the governor, Bacon captured and destroyed James town, but died before he could accomplish his projects of reform. Bacon, Sir Nicholas. Born at Chisel hurst, Kent, 1509: died at London, Feb. 20, 1579. An English statesman, father of Francis Bacon. He was graduated B. A. at Corpus Christ i College, Cambridge in 1527; was called to the bar in 1533; became solicitor of the Court of Augmentations in 1537; attorney of the Court of Wards and Liveries in 1546; and was lord keeper of the great seal from Dec. 22, 1558, to his death, exercising after April 14, 1559, the jurisdiction of lord chancellor. Bacon, Roger. Born at or near Ilchester, Somersets hire, about 1214: died probably at Oxford in 1294. A celebrated English philosopher. He was educated at Oxford and Paris (whence he appears to have returned to England about 1250), and joined the Francis can order. In 1257 he was sent by his superiors to Paris where he was kept in close confinement for several years. About 1265 he was invited by Pope Clement IV. to write a general treatise on the sciences, in answer to which he composed his chief work, the "Opus Majus." He was in England in 1268. In 1278 his writings were con demned as heretical by a council of his order, in conse quence of which he was again placed in confinement. He was at liberty in 1292. Besides the "Opus Majus," hist most notable works are "Opus Minus," "Opus Tertium,' and "Compendium Philosophiæ." See Siebert, "Roge: Bacon," 1861; Held, "Roger Bacon's Praktische Philoso phie," 1881; and L. Schneider, "Roger Bacon," 1873. Bacon's Rebellion. See Bacon , Nathaniel . Bacon thorpe (bā'kon-thôrp), or Bacon, o Bacho, John. Died 1346. An English Car melite monk and schoolman, surnamed "the Resolute Doctor.” Bacos. See Cacos . poleza, western Hungary Mar Bacsányi (bo'chan-yē), János. Born at Ta Linz, May 12, 1845. A Hungarian poet, prose April 15, 1881. A German cla ical philologist, profe or of cla ical philology in the University of Rostock 1833-65. Bacis (bā'sis), or Bakis (bā'kis). [Gr. Βάκις.] In Greek legend, a name given to several seers or prophets, the most celebrated of whom was the Bœotian Bacis, whose oracles were delivered at Heleon in Bœotia. Specimens of these (spurious) oracles, in hexameter verse, have been preserved. Back (bak), Sir George. Born at Stock port, Cheshire, Nov. 6, 1796: died at London, June 23, 1878. An English admiral and Arctic explorer. He accompanied Franklin to the Spitz bergen Viscount St. Albans Jan. 27, 1621: commonly, but incorrectly, called Lord Bacon . He studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, April, 1573, to March, 1575, in 1788. Bactra. See Balkh . Bactria (bak' tri-ä), or Bactriana (bak-tri-a of Sir Amias Paulet in France in 1576; was admitted to the bar in 1582; entered Parliament in 1584; was knighted in 1603; became solicitor-general in 1607, and attorney general in 1613; was made a privy councilor in 1616, Mountains on the upper Oxus, nearly cor a country in Asia, north of the Paropamisu responding to the modern district of Balkhi secure the conviction of the earl for treason. (See E ex . sians, and then by Alexander. It was a part of the king do His great fame rests upon his services as a reformer of of the Seleucide, and from 256 B. C. for about 100 years the methods of scientific investigation; and though his independent Greco-Bactrian kingdom which extended relation to the progre of knowledge has been exag- the Kabul River and the Indus. Bactria belonged to tl Seas in the Trent (1818), to the Copper mine River (by gerated and misunderstood, his reputation as one of Sasanidæ until about 640 A. D., and has since been und the chief founders of modern inductive science is well His chief works are the "Advancement of land) and the Arctic coasts of America (1819-22), and to the Mackenzie River (1825-27). He conducted an expedition overland, and discovered the Great Fish or Back River (1833-35); and commanded the Terror in an Arctic expedition (1836-37). He was made admiral in 1857. His chief works are "Narrative of the Arctic Land Expedition to the Mouth of the Great Fish River," and "Narrative of an Expedition in H. M. S. Terror." Back Bay, The. An expansion of the Charles Learning," published in English as "The Two Books of Bactrian Sage, The. Zoroaster, who was a n Francis Bacon of the Proficience and Advancement of tive of Bactria. the Afghanistan. The population was Aryan in race; th capital Zariaspa or Bactra, now Balkh. Bactria was th cradle of the Persian religion which Zarathushtra (Zoroa ter) reformed about 600 B. C. (?). At a very early period was the center of a powerful kingdom which was co quered by the Medes, and together with these by the Pe Mohammedan rule. organum sive indicia vera de interpret at i one naturæ," reuni Baczko Baczko (bats'kō), Ludwig von. Born at Lick, East Pru ia, June 8, 1756: died March 27, 1823. A German historical writer and novelist. Badagry (bä-dä-grē'). A town in West Africa, near Lagos. It was formerly the capital of a native kingdom and a great slave-port. Badajoz (bäd-ä-hōs'; Sp. bä-Dä-Hoth'). A province of Estremadura, western Spain, popularly called Lower Estremadura. Area, 8,687 square miles. Population (1887), 480,418. Badajoz. The capital of the province of Badajoz, situated on the Guadiana near the Portuguese frontier, in lat. 38° 49′ N., long. 6°56′ W.: the Roman Pax August a, or Bat allium. It is strongly fortified and has a cathedral and castle. It has belonged at various times to the Moors, Castile, and Portugal. It is the birthplace of Morales. Badajoz has often been besieged, the most notable of these events being (1) the unsucce ful siege by the Allies in 1705, when it was defended by the French and Spanish; (2) its siege by the French under Soult, who captured it March, 1811; (3) three sieges by the British, April-May, 1811, May-June, 1811, and March-April, 1812. It was stormed and taken by them April 6, 1812. Population (1887), 27,279. Badakshan (bad-äk-shän'). A territory in cen tral Asia, about lat. 36°-38° N., long. 69°-72° E., bounded by the Amu-Daria on the north, the Hindukush on the south, and Kunduz on the west, especially noted for its rubies. It is inhabited largely by Tajiks. Capital, Faizabad. Population (estimated), 100,000. Badalocchio (bä-dä-lokʻkē-ō), Sisto, surnamed Rosa. Born at Parma, 1581: died at Bologna, 1647. An Italian painter and engraver, a pupil and a istant of Annibale Carracci. Badalona (bä-Dä-lō'nä). A seaport in the province of Barcelona, Spain, northeast of Barcelona. Population (1887), 15,974. Badcock (bad kok), John. A writer on pugilistic and sporting subjects, who wrote between 1816 and 1830 under the pseudonyms of "Jon Bee" and "John Hinds." In 1830 he edited the "Works of Samuel Foote," with remarks, notes, and a memoir (under the name of Jon Bee). Baddeley (bad'li), Robert. Born probably in 1733: died in 1794. An English actor. He was originally the cook of Samuel Foote, and went on the stage 1761. He was the original Moses in the "School for Scandal." In his will he left the revenue of his house in Surrey for the support of an asylum for decayed actors, and also the interest of one hundred pounds to provide wine and cake for the actors of Drury Lane Theater on Twelfth Night. This is still done. Since 1843, then, the term of "Their," or "Her Majesty's Servants," is a mere formality, as there is no especial company now privileged to serve or solace royalty. Mr. Webster, who occupies Garrick's chair in the management of the Theatrical Fund, tells me, that Baddeley was the last actor who wore the uniform of scarlet and gold prescribed for the "gentlemen of the household" who were patented actors; and that he used to appear in it at of "Majes Doran , Eng. Stage, II. 416. thearsal. He was proud of being on by theilajes ing actors. Baddeley, Sophia. Born at London in 1745: died at Edinburgh in 1786. The wife of Rob- ert Baddeley, and an actre and singer. Badeau (ba-do'), Adam. Born Dec. 29, 1831: died March 19, 1895. dam American officer (cap- tain and brevet brigadier-general, United States army) and writer, military secretary to Gen- eral Grant 1864-69, and later in the consular service. He has written "Military History of Uly es 8. Grant" (1867-81), "Grant in Peace" (1886), "The Vaga- bond Papers" (a volume of literary sketches and dramatic criticism, 1859), etc. 1 Badebec (bäd-bek'). The wife of Gargantua in the romance of "Pant a gruel" by Rabelais. She was the at whose birth she leon; received further acce ions in 1805; joined the Confederation of the Rhine in 1806, became a grand duchy, and again received increase of territory; joined the Allies in 1813; entered the Germanic Confederation in 1815; and received a constitution in 1818. It was the scene of revolutionary proceedings in 1848, and of the outbreak of revolution in May, 1849, which was suppre ed by the aid of Pru ian troops It sided and became a member of the German Empire in 1871. Area, 5,821 square miles. Population (1900), 1,867,944. Baden, or Baden-Baden. [G., 'baths.'] A town and watering-place in Baden, in the valley of the Oosbach 18 miles southwest of Carlsruhe, famous for its hot medicinal springs: the Roman Civitas Aurelia Aquensis. It is a place of annual resort of about 50,000 people, and was formerly noted for its gambling establishments (closed 1872). It was long the capital of the margravate of Baden. Popu lati on (1890), commune, 13,884. Baden, or Baden bei Wien (bä'den bi ven). A town and watering-place of Lower Austria, situated in a valley of the Wiener wald 14 miles south west of Vienna, noted for its hot sulphur springs, known to the Romans. Population (1890), commune, 11,263. Baden, or Oberbaden (ō'ber-bä'den). [G., 'Upper Baden.'] A town and watering-place in the canton of Aargau, Switzerland, situated on the Limmat 14 miles northwest of Zürich, noted for its hot sulphur baths, known to the Romans: the Roman Aquæ Helveticæ. It was the meeting-place of the Swi diet for three centuries. Population, about 4,000. Baden, Jacob. Born at Vordingborg, May 4, 1735: died at Copenhagen, July 5, 1804. A Danish philologist and critic, appointed profe or of eloquence and the Latin language at Copenhagen in 1780. He founded the “Kritisk Journal" in 1768, and published "Grammatic a La tina" (1782), etc. Baden, Margrave of. See Louis William I. , Margrave of Baden. Baden, Treaty of. A treaty between the German Empire and France, concluded at Baden, Switzerland, Sept. 7, 1714, which, with the treaties of Utrecht and Rastadt, ended the War of the Spanish Succe ion. The Peace of Ryswick was ratified, the electors of Bavaria and Cologne were reinstated in their lands and dignities, and Landau was left in the po e ion of France. Baden-Baden. See Baden . Baden-Powell (bā'den-pou'l), Sir George Smyth. Born 1847: died 1898. An English politician and publicist. He was appointed joint commi ioner with Colonel Sir W. Cro man, in 1882, to inquire into the administration, revenues, and expend i. ture of the British West India colonies; a isted Sir Charles Warren in his diplomatic relations with the native chiefs of Bechuanaland in 1885; spent the winter of 1886-87 in Canada and the United States, investigating the fishery dispute; and was made joint commi ioner with Sir George Bowen, in 1887, to arrange the details of the new Malta constitution. He was British commi ioner in the Bering Sea inquiry, 1891; and British member of the Joint Com mi ion, Washington, 1892. Author of "New Homes for the Old Country” (1872), “Protection and Bad Times" (1879), "State Aid and State Interference" (1882), etc. Badenweiler (bä'den-vi-ler). A village and watering-place in Baden, near Müllheim, southwest of Freiburg. It contains ruins of Roman baths, one of the most interesting existing examples. There are two parts, corresponding in their subdivisions, one for men and one for women. Each part has a large atrium or outer court, whence there is acce to the apodyterium or dre ing-room; the caldarium, or hot-air bath; the frigidarium, or cold bath; and the tepidarium, or warm bath. The entire structure measures 318 by 99 feet; the walls, pavements, and steps remain in position. The date as signed the 2d century A. D. she brought forth at the same time. Baer Badia (bä-dē'ä). A small town in the province of Rovigo, Italy, situated on the Adige 29 miles southwest of Padua. Badia Calavena (bä-dē'ä kä-lä-vā'nä). A small town in the province of Verona, Italy, 13 miles northeast of Verona, the chief place in the "Tredici Communi." Badiali (bä-dē-ä'lē), Cesare. Born at Imola, Italy: died there, Nov. 17, 1865. A celebrated Italian ba singer. Badia y Leblich (bä-тнē'ä ē lab-lēch'), Domingo. Born 1766: died 1818. A Spanish traveler in northern Africa and the Orient: better known by his Mu ulman name of Ali Bey. Badikshis (bä-dēk-shēz'). [Pl.] An Afghan tribe of Aryan origin. Badinguet (bä-dan-ga'), afterward Radot (rä-dō'). Died 1883. A workman in whose clothes Napoleon III. escaped from the fortre of Ham1846; hence, a nickname of Napoleon III. Badius (bä'de-ös), Jodocus or Jo e, surnamed As cens i us (from his birthplace). Born at Asche, near Bru els, 1462: died 1535. Flemish printer and writer. He established at Paris a printing-house, the "Prælum Ascensianum," about 1499. Bad Lands. Certain lands of the northwestern United States characterized by an almost entire absence of natural vegetation, and by the varied and fantastic forms into which the soft strata have been eroded. At a little distance they appear like fields of desolate ruins. The name was first applied, in its French form mauvaises terres , to a Tertiary area (Miocene) in the region of the Black Hills in South Dakota, along the White River, a tributary of the Upper Mi ouri. Badman (bad'man), The Life and Death of Mr. A work by John Bunyan, published in 1680. Badminton (bad'min-ton). The residence of the dukes of Beaufort, in Gloucestershire, England, 15 miles northeast of Bristol. Badminton. A cup made of special and sweetened claret, named for the Duke of Beaufort (of Badminton), who was a patron of pugil is tics; hence, in the prize-ring, blood, the slang name for which is "claret." Badminton, The. A coaching and sporting club of 1,000 members, established in London in 1876. Badon (bā'don), Mount, L. Mons Badonicus (monz ba-don'i-kus). The scene of a battle said to have been gained by King Arthur over the Saxon invaders in 520 (?): variously identified with Badbury Rings (Dorset), a hill near Bath, and Bouden Hill (near Linlithgow). Bad our a (ba-dö'rä). The principal character in the story of the "Amours Prince Camaralzaman and the Prince Bad our a,” in “The Arabian Nights' Entertainments." Their story is a proverbial one of love at first sight. Badrinath. See Bhadrinath . tainments." Badroulboudour (ba-dröl bo-dör'). The wife of Aladdin in the story of "Aladdin or the Won- derful Lamp," in "The Arabian Nights' Enter- Bæbia gens (bēbi-ä jenz). In ancient Rome, a plebeian clan or house whose family names were Dives, Herennius, Sulca, and Tamphilus. The first member of this gens who obtained the consulship was Cn. Bæbius Tamphilus (182 в. с.). Bæda (be'di). See Bede . Baedeker (bad'e-ker), Karl. Born 1801: died etc., of Baden. He was editor of the period i- 1859. A German publisher, noted cal "Badenia" 1839-64. Bad-Elster. See Elster . Baden (bü'den). [F. Bade .] A grand duchy Badger (baj'er), Squire. A character in Field- of southern Germany, and a state of the Gering's "Don Quixote in England." man Empire, the fourth in area and fifth in Badger, George Edmund. Born at Newbern, population: capital Carlsruhe. It is bounded by N. C. April 13, 1795: died at Raleigh, N. C., He e and Bavaria north, Bavaria northeast, at or from North Carolina 1846-55. hops, and chicory; manufactures clocks, woodenware, cotton and silk goods, chemicals, cigars, machinery, straw hats, IMG:content-0160.png:[blocks in formation] Carlsruhe, and Mannheim. The government is a const i- tutional hereditary monarchy under a grand duke, and a Landtag with an upper house and a chamber of 63 repre sentatives. Baden sends 3 representatives to the Bun- desrat and 14 to the Reichstag about two thirds of the Badham (bad'am), Charles. Born at Ludlow, istan, north of Herat. By the recent de- limitation it is included in the Ru ian IMG:content-0161.png:[blocks in formation] Baena (ba-ya'nä), Antonio Ladislau Monteiro. Born in Portugal about 1795: died in Pará, March 28, 1850. A Portuguese-Brazilian author. He was an officer in the Portuguese and subsequently in the Brazilian army, attaining the rank of colonel; his later years were spent in Pará, where he took part in several military expeditions against the Cabanaes rebels, 1835-36. Subsequently he studied the geography and history of the grafico sobre a provincia do Pará" are still standard works Amazon valley. His "Eras and coro on that region. Baer (bar), Karl Ernst von. Born in Esthonia, Ru ia, Feb. 28, 1792: died at Dorpat, Nov. 28, IMG:content-0162.png:[blocks in formation] Bagby, George William. Born in Virginia, Bagnères-de-Bigorre (bän-yar'dė-be-gōr'), or Aug. 13, 1828: died at Richmond, Va., Nov. 29, Bagnères-d'Adour (bän-yar'dä-dör'). A 1883. A physician, journalist (became editor of the Lynchburg "Expre " in 1853, and of the "Southern Literary Me enger" in 1859), and humorist. He wrote under the pseudonym “Mozis Addums." town in the department of Hautes-Pyrénées, France, situated on the Adour 13 miles south of Tarbes: the Roman Aquæ Bigerrionum Bal- near iæ. It is one of the chief Pyrene an watering-places on account of its hot springs (sulphate of lime, etc.). Pop- Bagdad, bag'dad). [Pers., 'gift of God.' The name Bag - da - da is found in the A yrian cuneiform inscriptions, and appears to be of Aramean origin.] A vilayet of Asiatic Turkey, in the lower valleys of the Euphrates and Tigris, between Persia and Arabia. Bagdad, or Baghdad. The capital of the vila- yet of Bagdad, situated on the Tigris in lat. 33° 20′ N., formerly a city of great importance and still the seat of considerable commerce. It has manufactures of leather, silk, cotton and woolen goods. It was founded in 762 by Abu Jaffar, surnamed "Al- Mansur" ('the Victorious'), second calif of the dynasty of the Abbas sides, and it was the capital of the Abbas sides for five hundred years, bearing the name of Mansurijeh, also Dar-es-Selam ('Dwelling of Peace'), which latter name it still has in official documents of the Ottoman government. Under the Abbas sides it became a celebrated center of Arabic learning and civilization, and the glory and splen- dor of the eastern world. During the height of its pros- perity it harbored a million and a half people within its walls. It declined with the decay of the Abba idian ca- lifate, and came at the fall of this dynasty, in 1258, into the hands of the Mongols. It is still the capital of the Turkish province Me so pot am i a. Population, 180,000. Bage (bāj), Robert. Born at Darley, Derby- shire, England, Feb. 29, 1728: died at Tamworth, England, Sept. 1, 1801. An English novelist. He was a paper-manufacturer by trade, and did not begin to write before the age of fifty-three. He wrote "Mount Henneth" (1781), "Barham Downs" (1784), "Herm sprong, or Man as he is not" (1796), etc. Bagehot (baj'ot), Walter. Born at Lang port, Somersets hire, Feb. 3, 1826: died there, March 24, 1877. A noted English economist, publicist, and journalist. He was graduated at the University of London 1846, was called to the bar in 1852, and was editor of the "Economist" 1860-77. English Constitution" (1867), "Physics and Politics, etc." (1869), "Lombard Street, etc." (1873), "Literary Studies" (1879), "Economic Studies” (1880), “Biographical Studies" Bagnères-de-Luchon (bän-yar'dė-lü-chôn′), or Luchon. A town in the department of Haute-Garonne, France, 71 miles southwest of Toulouse, near the Spanish frontier: the Roman Balneariæ Lixovienses. It is one of the chief watering-places in the Pyrenees, and is celebrated for its warm salt and sulphur springs. Population (1891), com- mune, 3,528. Bagnoles (bän-yōl'). A small watering-place in the department of Orne, France, northwest of Alençon. Bagnoli (bän-yōʻlē). A small town in the Naples. Baggesen (bäg'e-sen), Jens (Emmanuel). Born at Korsör, Denmark, Feb. 15,1764: died at Hamburg, Oct. 3, 1826. A Danish poet, author of "Comic Tales" (1785), 85), “Labyrinthen" (1792), "Par then a is" (1804), etc. Baghdad. See Bagdad . east of Palermo. Population, 12,000. Baghirmi (bä-gēr'mē). An important African kingdom, southeast of Lake Chad on the Shari River, between Bornu and Wadai, and within the French sphere of influence. The country is a fertile plain. The population is mixed: the ma is Ni- gritic; the higher cla are pastoral Fulahs and trading time usurped the virtual sovereignty of the Arabs. Islam was introduced in the 16th century, but made a prince in Naples. Bagoas (ba-gō'as). [Gr. Βαγώας .] Died about 336 в. с. An Egyptian eunuch, in the service of Artaxerxes Ochus of Persia, who for a short many are still pagan. Capital, Ma enya. The language empire. He put to death Artaxerxes Ochus (338) and is called Bagrima ; it is related to Kuka and distinct from Kanuri. Population, about 1,000,000. Arses (336), but was himself compelled to drink a poison 石見 which he had intended for Arses's succe or Codomannus. Bag hist an (bäg-is-tän'). The ancient name of Bagoas. A favorite eunuch of Alexander the Behistun. Bagamoyo (bä-gä-mo'yō). A port, town, and the greatest commercial center of German East Zanzibar. It is a meeting-place of inland roads and caravans. A railroad is building to the neighboring Dar-es-Salaam. Population, 20,000 to 30,000, consisting of Arabs, Hindus, and Africans. land, West Africa. Here Nachtigal hoisted the German flag in 1884. the ecclesiastical benefices of Scotland and their valuation in the latter part of the middle ages. "It took its name from an Italian churchman, Boiamond (or Bajimont) of Vicci, a canon of the cathedral of Asti in Piedmont, who was sent by the Pope to Scot- land in 1274 to collect the tithe or tenth part of all the church livings, for a Crusade." Chambers's Encyc ., I. 657. N. Y., July 24, 1832: died at San Francisco, July 27, 1881. An American politician, Repub- lican governor of Michigan 1873-77. Baglivi (bäl-yē ́vē), Giorgio. Born at Ragusa, the 11th century. See Armenia . 1669: died at Rome, 1707. An Italian in the College de Sapienza at Rome. He was the founder of the system of "solidism" in medicine, as opposed to Galenism or humorism. His medical writings were held in high esteem, and were frequently reprinted. Bagnacavallo, Bartolommeo. See Ramenghi. Bagne (bany), or Bagnes (bäny), Valde. An al- pine valley in the canton of Valais, Switzerland, southeast of Martigny, traversed by the Dranse. atio Bagshaw Bagshaw (bag's ha), Edward. Died 1662. An English Royalist politician and author. Origi. nally a Puritan, he sat in the Parliament convened by Charles I. at Oxford 1644, was taken prisoner in the same year by the Parliamentary army, and languished in the King's Bench prison at South wark till 1646. While in prison he wrote, among other works, "De monarch i a absoluta" (1659). Bagshot (bag's hot) A village in Surrey, Eng land, 10 miles southwest of Windsor. Bagshot Heath. A tract of land on the border of Surrey and Berks hire, England. Bag stock (bag's tok), Major Joe. "A wooden featured, blue-faced" officer, a friend of Mr. Dombey, in Dickens's novel "Dombey and Son." He calls himself “ J. B.,” “Old J. B.,” “ tough old Joe," and says "Joe is rough and tough, sir! blunt, sir, blunt is Joe." Bahalul (bä-hä-löl'). The court fool of Harun-al-Rashid: surnamed " Crazy'). Bahraich, or Bharech. A town in Oudh, British India, 65 miles northeast of Lucknow. Bahrdt (bärt), Karl Fried rich. Born at Bis chofswerda, in Saxony, Aug. 25, 1741: died near Halle, April 23, 1792. A German theologian, noted for his extreme rationalism. He was profe or of biblical philology at Leipsic 1766-68, of biblical antiquities at Erfurt 1768-71, of theology (and pastor) at Gie en 1771-75, and became director of Von Salis's Phi fourteen months. He was superintendent-general and lanthropin at Marschlinz in 1775, a post which he held pastor at Dürkheim when (1778) he was declared by the imperial aulic council incapable of holding an ecclésiastical office and forbidden to publish any writing. Taking refuge in Pru ia, he lectured on philosophy and philology at Halle 1779-89. He was condemned to one year's imprisonment (1789) for having published the pasquinade "Das Religions edict, ein Lustspiel" (1788). His remaining years were devoted to the management of a tavern of questionable repute. Bahrein (bä-rān'), or Aval (ä-väl'), Islands. Baily, Francis April 22, 1816: died there, Sept. 6, 1902. An English poet. He wrote "Festus" (1839), "Angel World" (1850), "Mystic" (1855), "The Age, Universal Hymn" (1867), etc. Bailey, Samuel. Born at Sheffield, 1791: died Jan. 18, 1870. An English writer on philosophy and political economy. Bailey, The odor us. Born at Chateau gay, N. Y., April 12, 1805: died at Washington, D. C., Feb. 10, 1877. An American rear-admiral. He entered the navy in 1818, and became lieutenant in 1827, commander in 1849, and captain in 1855. He was second in command in the naval attack on the defenses of New Orleans in 1862, and was sent by Admiral Far ragut, April 25, to demand the surrender of the city. He was made commodore in 1862, and in the same year was appointed commander of the Eastern Gulf blockading squadron, in which post he is said to have taken over 150 blockade-runners in eighteen months. He was made rear admiral July 25, 1866, and placed on the retired list Oct. The Century Cyclopedia of Names Bahama Bank (ba-hā'mä bangk), Great. A bank or area of shoal water between Cuba and the Bahama Islands. Bahama Bank, Little. A bank north of Great Bahama Island. A group of islands in the Persian Gulf, near the coast of Arabia, about lat. 26° N., long. 50° E. The chief island is Samak (length about 30 miles); the capital Manama. The islands are celebrated for their pearl fisheries. They are under British protection. Bahr-el-Abiad (bähr-el-ä-be-äd'). The White Nile. between Cuba and the southern part of the Bahamas. Also called Gulf of Florida . Bahamas (ba-hā'mäz), formerly Lucayos (löki'os). A group of islands in the British West Indies, southeast of Florida. The principal islands are Great Abaco, Great Bahama, Andros Island, New Providence, Eleuthera, Cat Island, Watling's Island, Long Island, Great Exuma, Crooked Island, Acklin Island, Mar iguana, and Great Inagua. The group contains also many keys and reefs. The capital is Na au. The Bahamas were discovered by Columbus in 1492; were occupied by the British in 1629; and were finally secured to them in 1783. Area, 5,450 square miles. Population (1891), 47,565. IMG:content-0164.png:[blocks in formation]