PACO

or PACOS, is the Peruvian name of an earthy-looking ore, which consists of brown oxide of iron, with imperceptible particles of native silver di eminated through it. IMG:4147767755307473660_illo0915.png:Padding machine PADDING MACHINE ( Machine à plaquer , Fr.; Klatsch , or Grundirmaschine , Germ.); in calico-printing, is the apparatus for imbuing a piece of cotton cloth uniformly with any mordant. In fig. 774. A B C D represents in section a cast-iron frame, supporting two opposite standards above M , in whose vertical slot the gudgeons a b , of two copper or bronze cylinders E F , run; the gudgeons of E turn upon fixed bra es or plummer blocks; but the superior cylinder F rests upon the surface of the under one, and may be pre ed down upon it with greater or le force by means of the weighted lever d e f g , whose centre of motion is at d , and which bears down upon the axle of F . K is the roller upon which the pieces of cotton cloth intended to be padded are wound; several of them, being stitched endwise together. They receive tension from the action of a weighted belt o , n , which pa es round a pulley n upon the end of the roller K . The trough G , which contains the colouring matter or mordant, rests beneath the cylinder upon the table L , or other convenient support. About two inches above the bottom of the trough, there is a copper dip-roller C , under which the cloth pa es, after going round the guide roller m . Upon escaping from the trough, it is drawn over the half-round stretcher-bar at I , grooved obliquely right and left, as shown at N , whereby it acquires a diverging extension from the middle, and enters with a smooth surface between the two cylinders E F . These are lapped round 6 or 7 times with cotton cloth, to soften and equalize their pre ure. The piece of goods glides obliquely upwards, in contact with one third of the cylinder F , and is finally wound about the uppermost roller H . The gudgeon of H revolves in the end of the radius h , k , which is jointed at k , and movable by a mortise at i along the quadrantal arc towards l , as the roller K becomes enlarged by the convolutions of the web. The under cylinder E receives motion by a pulley or rigger upon its opposite end, from a band connected with the driving-shaft of the print shop. To ensure perfect equability in the application of the mordant, the goods are in some works pa ed twice through the trough; the pre ure being increased the second time by sliding the weight g to the end of the lever d f . A view of a padding machine in connexion with the driving mechanism is given under Hot Flue ; see also Starching Machine .