World as on projection, showing all the New Discoveries," etc

(1790), "Maps of the World" (1791), "Maps of North America" (1796), "Maps of Scot land" (1807), "Atlas of Southern India" (1822), etc. Arrow smith, John. Born 1790: died at London, May 1, 1873. An English geographer and chartographer, a nephew of Aaron Arrow smith. was the of the Royal Geographical Society. He published a "London Atlas" (1st ed. 1834), etc. Arroyo de China (är-rōyō de che'nä). [Sp., 'pebble gorge.'] A former name of Concepcion del Uruguay, in the Argentine Republic. Arroyo Hondo (är-ro'yo hon'do). [Sp., 'deep gorge.'] The name of two deep sluices or gorges in New Mexico, one running west of Taos a distance of about 12 miles, the other running 5 miles south of Santa Fé toward the Santa Fé Creek. On the sides of the latter there are the ruins of two ancient villages of the Tehuas called Kukua. Arroyo Molinos (är-rōyō mō-lēnōs). A village in Spain, 43 miles northeast of Badajoz, the scene of a British victory over the French, 1811. βάζης (Plutarch).] A son of Tigranes the Great (king of Armenia), co-ruler with his father, and his succe or about 55-34 в. с. Artabazes. See Art abas des . Artabazus (är-ta-bā'zus). [Gr. Ἀρτάβαζος.] Α Persian general distinguished in the campaigns of 480 and 479 в. c. He retreated to Asia after the defeat of Platæa. Artabazus. In Xenophon's "Cyropedeia," a Median, a friend and adviser of Cyrus. Artabazus. Lived about 362-328 в. с. A Per- sian satrap of western Asia under Artaxerxes III., against whom he rebelled. He was par- doned and fought at Arbela under Darius. Arthegal. Artachshast (ar-tak-shast'), or Artachshasta (är-tak-shas'tä). [Old Pers. Artakshatza (on the Babylonian monuments Artakshatsu and Artaksha u ), from art a , great, and kshatza , or Neh. ii. 1, v. 14, xiii. 6), a name referring to Ar- taxerxes I. Long i man us (465-425 B. c.) of the Persian Achæmenian dynasty, the son and suc- ce or of the Xerxes who undertook the memo- In the seventh year of the reign of Artaxerxes Ezra came with a colony of exiles to Jerusalem authorized by the king to reestablish the worship of the temple (Ezra vii. 12 ff.). But when the Jews started to build walls around the city, Artaxerxes was persuaded to suspend the work. In 446-445 Nehemiah went to Jerusalem empow- ered to rebuild the walls and gates of the city. Artaxerxes Artagnan (är-tän-yon'), D'. One of the prin- cipal characters in "The Three Musketeers" by Dumas, and also in its sequels "Twenty Years After" and "Bragelonne." He is a young Gascon of an adventurous yet practical nature, with a genius for intrigue, who goes up to Paris to seek his for- tune with an old horse, a box of miraculous salve given to him by his mother, and his father's counsels. His career is one of hairbreadth escapes (with death, in the end, on the field of battle) in the society of "The Three Musket- eers," Athos, Porthos, and Aramis. Artaguette (är-tä-get'). Killed 1736. A French military leader under Bienville, colonial French governor of Louisiana. He had subdued the Nat- chez Indians, and was engaged in fighting the Chick a saws, who, in connection with English traders from the Caro- lin as, defied French authority on the Mi i ippi, when he was wounded and captured in an attack upon the Chicka- saw strongholds. He was burned at the stake. Artamène (är-tä-män'), or The Grand Cyrus. A romance by Mademoiselle Scudéry, published in 1650 in 10 volumes. Artamène is intended for the great Condé. Artaphernes (är-ta-fer'nez). [Gr. Ἀρταφέρνης.] Lived about 500 в. c. A brother of Darius Hystaspis by whom he was appointed satrap of Clayton, produced in 1705. It was composed of a number of Italian songs which he brought with him from Italy and adapted to the words of an English play by Peter Motteux called "Arsinoë, Queen of Cyprus. Arta, or Narda (när'dä). A town in the nom- archy of Arta, Greece, situated on the river Arta in lat. 39° 8' N., long. 20° 59′ E.: the ancient Ambracia. It was colonized by Corinthians about 640 B.C.; was taken by the Romans 189 B. c.; and was ceded to Greece by Turkey in 1881. Population (1889), 7,084. Arta. A town in the eastern part of Majorca, Balearic Islands. Population (1887), 5,893. Arta, Gulf of. An inlet of the Ionian Sea, the ancient Ambracian Gulf, lying between Albania on the north and Greece on the south. Its length is about 25 miles, and its greatest breadth about 10 miles. Art abas des (är-ta-bas dēz), or Artabazes the expelled tyrant of Athens, and took part in war against the revolted Ionians. Artaphernes. Son of the preceding. He com- manded, with Datis, the Persian army which invaded Greece in 490 B. C., and led the Lydians in the expedition Artaxaminous (är-taks-am'i-nus). of Utopia, a character in "Bombastes Furioso," a burlesque opera by W. B. Rhodes. Artaxata (är-taks'a-tä). [Gr. Ἀρτάξατα , Arm. Artashat .] In ancient geography, the capital of Armenia in the 2d and 1st centuries B. C., situated in the plain of the Araxes, probably northeast of Ararat. It is said to have been built, in accordance with the plan of Hannibal, by Artaxias I., 180 B. C.; was destroyed by Nero's general Čorbulo in 58 A. D.; and was restored by Tiridates I. Artaxerxes (är-taks-érks'ez) I. [Gr. Άρτα- ξέρξης, Ἀρτοξέρξης. See Artachshast and Arda- shir.] King of Persia 465-425 (4247) в. с., son of Xerxes: surnamed "Long i man us" ('the Long-handed') from the exce ive length of his right hand. His forces were defeated on sea and land in 449 B. C. in the double action of Salamis in Cyprus. IMG:content-0100.png:[blocks in formation] Artaxerxes II. King of Persia 405-361 (3599) B. C., son of Darius II.: surnamed "Mnemon" (Gr. Μνήμων) from the excellence of his mem- ory. He was defeated by his younger brother Cyrus (who was killed in the battle) at Cunaxa in 401, and concluded the Peace of Ant alcid as with Sparta in 387. During his reign the worship of An a it is was adopted from the Baby- lonians by the Persians. Artaxerxes III. King of Persia 361 (3599)-338 B. C., son of Artaxerxes II.: surnamed "Ochus." He reconquered Egypt and reduced Phœænicia, and was poi- soned by the eunuch Bagoas, his chief minister. Artaxerxes. An opera by Arne, produced in 1762. The libretto was translated from Metas- tasio's "Artaserse." century A. D. (?). A Greek geographer. Artémire (är-ta-mēr'). A tragedy by Voltaire, produced in 1720. It was not succe ful, and the author preserved the best of it in "Mari- amne," which was produced in 1724. Artemis (är'tē-mis). [Gr. Ἄρτεμις .] In Greek mythology, one of the great Olympian deities, daughter of Zeus (Jupiter) and Leto (Latona), and twin sister of Apollo. She may be regarded as a feminine form of Apollo. She chastised evil with her keen shafts and with deadly sickne , and also protected mortals from danger and pestilence. Unlike Apollo, she was not connected with poetry or divination, but, like him, she was a deity of light, and to her was attributed authority over the moon, which belonged more particular- ly to her kinswomen Hecate and Selene. In art Artemis is represented as a virgin of noble and severe beauty, tall and majestic, and generally bearing bow and quiver as the huntre or mountain godde . She was identified by the Romans with their Diana, an original Italian divinity. Artemis. A court lady in Dryden's comedy "Marriage A-la-Mode." Artemis, Temple of. See Ephesus . Artemisia (är-te-mish'iä). [Gr. Ἀρτεμισία.] husband Mausolus, she built at Halicarna us the mau of Caria 352-350 в. с. In memory of her soleum which was reckoned one of the wonders of the world. (See Mausolus .) To give further proof of her af- fection she is said to have mixed her husband's ashes with a precious liquid and to have drunk the potion so prepared. Artevelde, Philip van. died at Roosebek, Belgium, Nov. 27, 1382. A Flemish popular leader, son of Jacob van Arte- velde. He was chosen ruwart or president of Flanders in 1381, in the course of a revolution against Louis III., Count of Flanders, whom he defeated at Bruges, May 3, 1382. He was conquered and slain by Charles VI. at Roosebek, Nov. 27, 1382. Artevelde, Philip van. A play by Sir Henry Taylor (published 1834): an attempt to revive the traditions of the tragic school of Marlowe and Shakspere. Artful Dodger, The. See Dawkins , John. Arth (art). A town in the canton of Schwyz, Switzerland, the starting-point of a railway up the Rigi. Arthénice (är-tā-nēs'). An anagram of "Cath- erine" (Marchione de Rambouillet), invented by the poets Malherbe and Racine. Arthur Arthur (är'thur). [ME. Arthur , Arthour , from OF. Arthure (ML. Arthur us , Arturus ), from W. Arthur, earlier Artus , conjectured to be from Old Celtic (Old Ir.) art ( artva- ), stone. The extant Ir. Artur is from E. or W.] A British chieftain who lived in the 6th century. He fought many battles, and was finally killed at the battle of Mount Badon, near Bath, 520 A.D. He was buried at Glas tonbury. In the time of Henry II., according to Gerald us Cam brens is and others, his remains were discovered there. Nennius, a Breton monk, left in the 10th century a short Latin chronicle which is the earliest authentic account we French romance, but his actual existence and deeds have very little to do with the origin of the cycle of romances to which his name is given, as around him myths relating probably to some remote ancestor or ancestors have crystallized. Arthur, King. In Fielding's burlesque "Tom Thumb," a "pa ionate sort of king," husband to Doll all olla, of whom he is afraid, and in love with Glumdalca. Arthur, Count or Duke of Britt any. Born at Nantes, France, March 29, 1187 killed at Rouen, France, April 3, 1203. Son of Geoffrey Plantage net, murdered probably by order of his uncle, King John. Arthur, Sir George. Born at Plymouth, June 21, 1784: died Sept. 19, 1854. An English colonial governor in British Honduras, Van Diemen's Land, Canada, and Bombay. Arthur William Patrick Albert, Prince, Duke of Con naught. Born May 1, 1850. Third son of Queen Victoria. Arthur, Chester Alan. Born at Fairfield, Vt., Oct. 5, 1830: died at New York, Nov. 18, 1886. The twenty-first President of the United States. He was graduated at Union College in 1848; taught school; practised law in New York city; was appointed on the staff of the governor of New York in 1861; became inspector-general and quartermaster-general of New York troops in 1862; and was collector of the port of New York 1871-78. In 1880 he was elected (Republican) Vice-President, and held that office from March, 1881, to Sept. of the same year, when he succeeded Garfield (who died Sept. 19, 1881), and served as President from Sept. 20, 1881, to March 4, 1835. He was an unsucce ful candidate for the Republican nomination in 1884. Arthur's. A London club established in 1765. It was named from the keeper of White's Chocolate House who died in 1761. Arthur's Seat. A hill, 822 feet in height, which overlooks Edinburgh from the east. Arthur's Show. A representation, principally an exhibition of archery, by fifty-eight city worthies who called themselves by the names of the Knights of the Round Table, referred to in Shakspere's Henry IV., II. iii. 2, 300. Aldis Wright. Arthur i an Cycle of Romances, The. A series of romances relating to the exploits of Arthur and his knights. They were "Breton romances amplifiled in Wales and adopted at the court of the Plant a genets as the foundation of the epic of chivalry." Geoffrey of Mon mouth (about 1140) may perhaps be considered as the source of the legends. He collected or invented in such a manner as to give a chivalric interest to his material, on which the great ma of later romance was based or grafted. From about 1150 poems were sung by wandering minstrels on the adventures of Arthur and his knights. The French prose "Morte Arthur" was not compiled till the latter half of the 13th century, and had not originally this name. It was an abridgment and consolidation, by Rustighello (or Rusticien) of Pisa, of a number of the prose romances which grew from these poems. The English "Morte Arthur" of Sir Thomas Malory is thought to have been translated from some earlier compilation, perhaps that of Hélie de Borron. The stories of Arthur, Guinevere, Merlin, The Round Table, Lance lot, The Holy Grail, Tristan, Perceval, Meliadus, Guiron, Ysaie le Triste, and Arthus de Bretagne are the principal romances both British and French in this cycle. There is a large number of minor poems and prose romances which deal with special episodes. Art ich of sky (är-të-shov'skē), or Arciszewski (ärt-se-shev'skē), Crestofle d'Artischau. Born in Poland about 1585: date of death not recorded. A Polish soldier who entered the service of the Dutch West India Company in 1623, and distinguished himself in the wars with the Portuguese in Brazil, 1631-39. He returned to Holland in 1637, and in Dec., 1638, was sent back in command of a reinforcement, with a rank so high that it conflicted with the powers of the governor, Maurice of Na au. A quarrel ensued, and in 1639 Art ich of sky was ordered back to Holland. Article 47, L'. A drama by Adolphe Belot, from a romance, produced in 1871. Articles of Confederation. See Confederation. Articles of Smalkald. kalat Bee Smalkaldic . Artifice, The. A comedy comedy by Mrs. Cent livre. Artigas (är-te'gäs), José. Born near Monte video, Uruguay, 1755: died in Paraguay, Sept. 23, 1851. A South American revolutionary general, and dictator of Uruguay, 1811-20. Artois (är-twä'). [From L. L. At rebates (sing. Atre bas ), At reb a tenses , a Celtic tribe who inhabited the district in the time of Cæsar.] An ancient to France in 1659, the ce ion being completed in the treaties of Nimeguen 1678-79. Artois, Comte d'. The title of Charles X. of France previous to his acce ion to the throne. Artotyrites (är-to-tīrīts). [LL. Artotyritæ , pl., from Gr. ἀρτότυρος , bread and cheese, from άρτος , bread, and τυρός , cheese.] A sect in the primitive church which used bread and cheese in the eucharist, alleging that the first oblations of man were the fruits of the earth and the produce of their flocks. They ad- mitted women to the priesthood and to the episcopate. Artsmilsh (ärts'milsh). A collective name for several tribes of North American Indians living on Shoal water Bay and Will opah River, Wash-