Witchcraft

(Kusuinek), and sorcery (Llisinek), were regarded as unlawful means of escaping evil, yet were much practised as appeals to evil powers. The Eskimo had no master-devil, but some bad spirits like “ Grandmother Anarkuagsak,” who lives at the bottom of the sea, and is apt to draw people down to herself: all mortals must keep on good terms with her, and also with the Kiugtoks, or wandering subterranean demons, generally of evil nature. The Ingnersuaks, who frequent the caves, and pointed rocks, on dangerous coasts, must also be propitiated, and some mariners have found them to be benevolent spirits, giving shelter in times of trouble. The original home of this people, but in very remote times, must have been in N. Asia. Dr Rink (who believes them to be American aborigines) says that “only a few” (the Tuski) are found on the Asiatic side of Behring Straits. He finds the Alaska Eskimo often cro ing to Asia. [Baron Nor den ski old says that they are connected with the Chukchis and Koryaks of N.E. Asia, Some regard them as descendants of the early inhabitants of N.W. Kurope, where remains of small Lapp-like people occur—as in Auvergne. They are remarkably long-headed; but Sir W. Flower is strongly of opinion that they are “a branch of the typical North Asiatic Mongols,” who have “ gradually developed characters most of which < are strongly expre ed modifications of those seen in their allies, who still remain on the western side of Behring Straits” (see Mr R. 90