incavate

t. [Latin in-=in, and cavatus.] [CAVATE.] To make hollow or concave; to bend in. In-ca-va-tion, s. [ Eng.incav ( ate ); -ation.] 1. The act of making hollow or concave. 2. A hollow; a depre ion; an excavation. *In-cave', v. t. Another spelling of ENCAVE (q. v.). *In-căv-ērn, v . t . [Pref. in- (1), and English cavern (q. v.).] To inclose or shut up as in a cavern. "Then Lid creeps on along, and so in cavern'd goes." Drayton: Polyolbion , s. 1. *In-çed -ing-lỹ, adv . [Formed as if from pr. par. of an Eng. verb incede .] Majestically. Davies gives an example from Mi Bronte ( Villette , ch. xxiii), in which there seems to be an allusion to the "Ego quæ divum incedo regina" of Juno. ( Virgil : Æneid , i. 46.) *In-çě-lěb-ri-ty, s. [Pref. in- (2), and English celebrity (q. v.).] Want or absence of celebrity or fame. *In-çend', v . t . [Lat. incendo to set fire to; to inflame.] To inflame, to heat, to excite. "Naturall heate, by withdrawinge of moysture, is to moc he inc ended ." - Elyot : Castel of Helth , bk. iii., ch. iii. in-çen-di-ar-ism, s. [Eng. incendiar (y); -ism.] The act or practice of an incendiary. in-çen-di-ar-, *in-cen-di-ar-ie, a . & s. [Lat. incendiarius =setting on fire, from incendium =fire; incendo to set on fire; Fr. inc end i a ire ; Ital. & Sp. inc end i a rio .] IMG:content-1545.png:[blocks in formation] 1. Lit .: One who maliciously sets fire to any dwelling-house or other building; one who sets fire to the property of another; one who is guilty of arson. "If such was the design of the incendiaries it completely failed."- Macaulay : Hist. Eng ., ch. v. 2. Fig .: One who or that which excites or inflames factions, seditions, or quarrels; a political agitator. "To be scrawled with the midnight chalk of incendiaries, with 'No Popery,' on walls and doors of devoted houses."- Burke : Speech at Bristol . incendiary-shell, s. [CARCASS, S., II.] *In-çen-di-ous, a. [Lat. inc end ios us , from in cendium=fire.] Exciting or inflaming factions, seditions, or quarrels; inflammatory, incendiary. *In-çěn-di-oŭs-ly, adv . [Eng. incendious ; -ly .] So as to excite factions, quarrels, or contentions. in-çen-sant, a. [Low Lat. incensans , pr. par. of incenso , a freq. from Lat. incendo =to burn.] Her.: A term applied to a boar when borne in a furious angry position. *in-cěns-ā-tion, s. [Eng. in cens(e); -ation .] The offering of incense, either as an act of divine worship, or as a ceremonial adjunct thereto. "The Mi al of the Roman Church now enjoins incensation." Encyc. Brit . (ed. 9th), xii. 722. In-çense, *en-cense, *in Incensant. II. Technically : incenser 1. Bot.: The resin or gum of Olibanum. 2. Comparative Religions: (1) Ethnic : Sir G. Bird wood (in Encyc . Brit ., ed. 9th, xii. 718. sqq.), considers that religious censing of persons and things grew out of purificatory fum i. gation. Tylor ( Prim . Cult ., 1873, ii. 383) is of opinion that incense is the natural outcome of animism, which might reasonably hold that offerings reduced to smoke or vapor by the medium of fire were fittingly consumed by or transmitted to spiritual beings. (Cf. Genesis viii. 21; Hom., Il . i. 317; Ovid, Met . , xii. 154.) An inscription in the valley of Hammam at states that an Egyptian nobleman was sent by Pharaoh Sankhara (B. C. 2500) "to bring back odoriferous gums" from Punt, now identified with the Somali country; the marbles of Nineveh furnish examples of offering incense to the Sun-god (2 Kings xxiii. 5); and the Hindus employed it from the remotest antiquity. The progre in cla ic times from "fumigations with herbs and chips of fragrant wood" is shown in the thy on (cf. thyos ) of Homer, and the lib a rotos of later writers; in the herbæ Sabine and laurus of Ovid ( Fast. 1. 343, 344), and the mascula thura of Virgil ( Ecl. viii. 65). (2) Jewish: Qetoreth, qetorah . This is sometimes confounded with lebonah , frankincense, which is the name of a plant. Incense was compounded of stacte, onycha, galbanum, and pure frankincense, an equal part of each by weight. Any one making a similar composition was to be cut off from the people of God. (Exod. xxx. 34-38.) Incense was to be burnt every morning and evening on the "altar of incense." (Exod. xxx. 7,8.) On the great day of atonement a handful of it, put on a censer of burning coals when the priest went within the veil to the Most Holy Place, was to rise in a cloud covering the mercy seat (Lev. xvi. 12, 13). It was used also on extraordinary occasions,' at times of great public calamity, as plague (Num. xvi. 46-50). Only the priests might burn incense (2 Chron. xxvi. 16-21; Luke i. 8, 9). Probably it symbolized the acceptable prayers of saints (Psalm cxli. 2; Rev. viii. 4). (3) Christian : In the Roman and Greek Churches it is used in all the solemn offices. It is mentioned in the first Ordo Roman us , probably of the seventh century. It is also used in the Catholic and Apostolic Church. [ IRVINGITES.] In the Anglican Church the use of incense was gradually abandoned after the reign of Edward VI. until the ritualistic revival of the present day; but it has never been formally_prohibited. Neither the Reformed Churches of Europe nor English Protestant di enters employ incense in their ritual. incense-breathing, adj. Exhaling incense or sweet odors; as, the incense -breathing morn. (Gray: Elegy.) incense-tree, s. Botany : (1) Icica guianensis, (2) Moschoxylon swartii.