She wrote under the pseudonym E

Berger. Among her books are "Charles Auchester" (1853), "Counterparts, or the Cro of Love" (1854), "My First Season, by Be at rice Reynolds" (1855), "Rumour" (1858). Sheppard, Jack. Born at Stepney, 1702: hanged at Tyburn, Nov. 18, 1724. A famous English robber. He was a carpenter by trade, and began his career of robbery about 1720. He was of a generous disposition, and was very popular. His portrait was painted by Sir John Thorn hill; a pantomime, "Harlequin Sheppard," was produced at Drury Lane; Defoe wrote a narrative about him in 1724; and a novel by Ains worth, "Jack Sheppard," was published in 1839. He made two remarkable escapes from New gate, but after many vici itudes was finally cap tured in an ale-house while drunk. Sheppey (shep'i), or Isle of Sheppey. An island in the county of Kent, England, lying between the estuaries of the Thames and Medway and the Swale. Length, 94 miles. Shepton Mallet (shep'ton mal'et). A town in Somerset, England, 18 miles south of Bristol. Population (1891), 5,501. She ratan (sher-a-tän'). [Ar. šaratain , the two signs (referring to the two stars in the ram's head).] The ordinary name for the third-magnitude star ẞ Arietis. andoah Valley. ton-on-Tees, 1751: died at London, 1806. A noted English furniture-maker and -designer. on the east and a parallel range of the Alleghanies on the west, and is noted for its fertility. It was the scene of various important events in the Civil War, including "Stonewall" Jackson's campaign in 1862 and Sheridan's campaign in 1864. Shenango (she-nang'gō) River. A river in northwestern Pennsylvania which unites, near New Castle, with the Mahoning to form Beaver River. Length, about 80-90 miles. Shendy, or Shendi (shen'de). A town in Nubia, England, 31 miles south-southwest of Bath. Its abbey church and Sherborne Castle are notable. It was the seat of a bishopric from the 8th to the 11th century. Population (1891), 3,741. Sherbro (shér bro), or Sherboro (sher'bu-rō), Island. An island off the coast of Sierra Leone, West Africa. It belongs to the colony of Sierra Leone, and lies off the mouth of Sherbro River. Its length is about 30 miles. Sherbrooke (sher'brük). The capital of the county of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, situated at the junction of the Magog with the St. Francis, 79 miles east of Montreal. Population (1901), 11,765. paign in the Shenandoah Valley against Early, gaining the victories of Winchester Sept. 19, and Fisher's Hill Sept. 22; was appointed brigadier-general in the regular army in Sept.; devastated the Shenandoah Valley; gained the victory of Cedar Creek Oct. 19 ("Sheridan's Ride": below); was appointed major-general in the regular army Petersburg, Feb.-March, 1865, gaining the victory of : see Nov. 8; conducted a succe ful raid from Winchester to Waynesboro; commanded at the battle of Five Forks, March 31-April 1; and took a leading part in the pursuit to Appomattox Court House in April. He commanded the Military Division (later Department) of the Gulf 1865-67; was appointed commander of the Department of the Mi ouri in 1867; was made lieutenant-general in 1869; visited Europe in 1870 to witne the conduct of the Franco-Pru ian war; succeeded Sherman as general-in-chief in 1883 and received the rank of general from Congre in 1888. He wrote "Personal Memoirs" (2 vols. 1888). Sheridan, Richard Brinsley Butler. Born at Dublin, Sept. 30, 1751: died at London, July 7, 1816. A noted British dramatist, orator, and politician: son of Thomas Sheridan (1721 1788). He was educated at Harrow; settled in London in 1773; and married Mi Linley, a singer ("the Maid of Bath"), and daughter of the composer. He bought Garrick's share of Drury Lane Theatre in 1776; and in 1778, with his a ociates, bought the remaining half. He entered Parliament in 1780 as Whig member for Stafford; and was under-secretary for foreign affairs in 1782, and secretary of the treasury in 1783. He was one of the Whig leaders; was distinguished by his speeches (1787-94) on the impeachment of Warren Hastings; was treasurer of the navy in 1806; and left Parliament in 1812. He was in favor of the French Revolution, and denounced Napoleon. He was a favorite companion of the prince regent (George IV.) and the wits of the time, but his last years were obscured by debt and disappointment. His dramatic works are "The Rivals" (1775), "St. Patrick's Day" (1775), "The Duenna" (1775), "A Trip to Scar borough" (1777: altered from Van"Relapse"), "The School for Scandal" (1777), "The Critic" (1779), and "Pizarro" (1799: a translation from Kotzebue). Sheridan, Thomas. Born about 1684: died in 1738. An Irish clergyman, grandfather of Richard Brinsley Sheridan the dramatist. He was a favorite companion of Swift in Ireland. He wrote the "Art of Punning," and in 1728 published an edition of the satires of Persius. Swift wrote "Gulliver" at his house. Sheridan, Thomas. Born at Quilca, near Dublin, 1721: died at Margate, England, 1788. An Irish actor, elocutionist, and author: son of Thomas Sheridan. He first went on the stage at Dublin in 1743 and at London in 1744, and played with Garrick in 1745. He was manager of a Dublin theater for 10 years, and of Drury Lane after his son Richard Brinsley Sheridan bought out Garrick there. He wrote "Dictionary of the English Language,” “Life of Swift" (1784: whose works he edited in 17 volumes), and works on education. Sheridan's Ride. A famous incident of the battle of Cedar Creek, Virginia, Oct. 19, 1864. Sheridan's army, which was encamped on Cedar Creek in the Shenandoah Valley, was surprised before daybreak and defeated by the Confederates under General Early. Sheri dan, who was at Winchester, twenty miles from the field, situated on the Nile in lat. 16° 40′ N. It was an important place before its destruction by the Egyptians in 1822. It was captured by the Mahdists in 1884 and recaptured by Gordon, but later retaken. Population variously estimated at from 3,000 to 5,000. on his return from a visit to Washington, heard the sound of battle and rode rapidly to the scene of action. As he galloped past the retreating soldiers, he shouted, "Face the other way, boys! We are going back!" He reformed his corps, and before the close of the day had Sheridan's Ride gained a decisive victory. This incident has been made the subject of a poem by T. B. Read, entitled "Sheridan's Ride" (1865). Sheriff muir (sher-if-mūr'). A plateau in Perth shire, Scotland, situated near Dunblane 5 miles north of Stirling. Here, Nov. 13, 1715, an indecisive battle was fought between the Royalists (3,0004,000), under the Duke of Argyll, and the Jacobite Highlanders (9,000-12,000), under the Earl of Mar. Sherlock (sher'lok), Thomas. Born at London, 1678: died July 18, 1761. An English prelate, son of William Sherlock. He became bishop of Bangor in 1728, and later of Salisbury and London. He published "Trial of the Witne es of the Resurrection of (1729), "Pastoral Letters" (1750), and sermons. Sherlock, William. Born at London, 1641: died at Hampstead, June 19, 1707. An English clergyman. He was suspended in 1689 for refusing to take the oath of allegiance to William and Mary, but submitted later, and was made dean of St. Paul's in 1691. He published "The Case of Resistance of the Supreme Powers" (1684), "Doctrine of the Trinity" (1690), "Discourse Concerning Death," etc. Sherman (sher'man). A city and the capital of Grayson County, northern Texas, 60 miles north of Dallas. It is a trading center. Population (1900), 10,243. Sherman, John. Born at Lancaster, Ohio, May 1.0, 1823: died at Washington, Oct. 22, 1900. An American Republican statesman and financier, brother of W. T. Sherman. He was admitted to the bar in 1844; was a Republican member of Congre from Ohio 1855-61; United States senator from Ohio 1861-77 and 1881-97; secretary of the treasury under President Hayes 1877-81; and secretary of state under President McKinley 1897-98. He was intimately a ociated with financial legislation during and after the Civil War. Sherman, Roger. Born at Newton, Ma ., April 19, 1721: died at New Haven, Conn., July 23, 1793. An American patriot. He became a judge in Connecticut and a member of the Connecticut legislature, He was a delegate from Connecticut to Congre 1774-89; tion of Independence, and one of its signers. He was member of the Constitutional Convention in 1787, and of the Connecticut ratifying convention. He was United States senator from Connecticut 1791-93. Sherman, Thomas West. Born at Newport, R. I., March 26, 1813: died at Newport, March 16, 1879. An American general. He served against the Indians and in the Mexican war; commanded the land forces in the Port Royal expedition 1861; and was division commander at the sieges of Corinth and Port Hudson. Sherman, William Tecumseh. Born at Lancaster, Ohio, Feb. 8, 1820: died at New York city, Feb. 14, 1891. A celebrated American general. He graduated at West Point in 1840; served in Cali fornia during the Mexican war; resigned from the army in 1853, in order to accept a position as manager of a bank at San Francisco, California; and was superintendent of the State military academy at Alexandria, Louisiana, at the outbreak of the Civil War. He accepted a colonelcy in the Union army in 1861; commanded a brigade at Bull Run in July; was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers in Aug.; commanded a division at Shiloh in April, 1862, and in the advance on Corinth; was made major-general of vol unteers May 1; commanded the unsucce ful expedition against Vicksburg Dec. 26-29; stormed Fort Hindman Jan. 11, 1863; took an important part in the campaign before Vicksburg in 1863; was appointed brigadier-general in the regular army July 4, 1863; served with distinction at Chattanooga in Nov.; was appointed commander of the Military Division of the Mi i ippi in March, 1864; started from Chattanooga on his march through Georgia May 6; won the battles of Dalton, Resaca, and New Hope Church in May, Kenesaw Mountain in June, and Peach tree Creek and Atlanta in July; was made major-general in the regular army Aug. 12; occupied Atlanta Sept. 2; started from Atlanta on his "march to the sea" "Nov. 15; entered Savan nah Dec. 21; marched northward through the Carol in as in 1865; gained the battles of Averysboro and Bentonville; and received the surrender of Johnston's army April 26. He was appointed commander of the Military Division of the Mi i ippi in 1865, and of the Division of the Mi ouri in 1866; was made lieutenant-general in 1866; succeeded Grant as general and as commander of the army in 1869; visited Europe 1871-72; and retired from the service in 1884. He published "Memoirs of General William T. Sherman, by Himself" (2 vols. 1875). Sherman Bill. An act of Congre approved July 14, 1890. It was supported by Senator Sherman and others as a compromise measure, since the two houses were unable to agree on a financial policy. It directed the secretary of the treasury to purchase silver bullion to the amount of 4,500,000 ounces per month, i uing treasury notes in payment. The repeal of the act was often urged. In the summer of 1893 the act was believed to be a main cause of the busine depre ion, and President Cleveland summoned Congre to meet in special se ion Aug. 7. A bill to repeal the silver-purchasing clause pa ed the House Aug. 28; in the Senate a substitute, the Voorhees bill, which repealed the silver-purchasing clause but affirmed bimetallism as a national policy, pa ed after a prolonged struggle Oct. 30. The Voorhees bill was con curred in by the House Nov. 1, and approved the same day by the President. Sherrington (sher'ing-ton), Madame Lemmens. Born at Preston, England, Oct. 4, 1834. An English soprano singer. She made her first appearance in London in 1856, and soon took a leading position on the operatic stage. Sherwood (sher'wud), Mrs. (Mary Martha Butt). Born at Stanford, Worcesters hire, May 6, 1775: died at Twickenham, England, Sept. 22, 1851. An English author. She went to India in 1803 with her husband, and was interested in the mi ionary work of Henry Martyn and Bishop Corrie. She is known for her works for juveniles, among which are “Little Henry and his Bearer," "History of Susan Gray," etc. Sherwood Forest. A forest in Nottingham shire, England, 14 miles north of Nottingham. It was IMG:content-1040.png:[blocks in formation] seven Patalas. Sheshonk, or Sheshenk. See Shishak . She Stoops to Conquer, or the Mistakes of a Night. A comedy by Oliver Goldsmith, first played March 15, 1773, printed 1774. At the present day it is probably the best known of the author's works, and, outside Shakespeare and Sheridan, the English play with which the greatest number of persons are familiar. Of post-Elizabeth an comedies which preceded it in this country, those of Congreve alone can be named by its side; and, if it is le artistically constructed, somewhat le carefully written, and much le witty, its moral purity and wholesomene , its fund of good spirits, that raise it almost to a level with "Love for Love" or and its wonderful flow of natural dialogue, are qualities "The Way of the World." Of succeeding comedies, but one has approached it in lasting popularity - the "School for Scandal," produced four years later, by Sheridan. Go e, Hist. Eng. Lit., p. 319. She tim ash a. See Chit i machan . Shetland (shet'land) Islands, or Zetland (zet' land) Islands. [ Shetland , Zetland , earlier * Shelt land , orig. Hialtland , Icel. Hjaltland , later Het land , land of Hjalt or Hjalti, a man's name, from hjalt = E. hilt .] A group of islands north of Scotland, forming the county of Shetland, situated about 50 miles northeast of the Orkneys. Chief town, Lerwick. The group contains about 100 islands, of which 30 or more are inhabited. The surface is hilly and rocky. The principal island is Mainland; others are Unst, Yell, Fetlar, Bre ay, Whalsay, Papa. Stour, and Foula. The inhabitants are of Norse descent. The ancient inhabitants were Picts. The islands were settled by the North men in the 9th century, and were acquired by Scotland in 1469. (Compare Orkney Islands.) Area, 551 square miles. Population (1891), 28,711. She tucket (she-tuk'et). Ariver in eastern Connecticut. It is formed by the union of the Will i mantic and Natchaug, and unites at Norwich with the Yantic to form the Thames. Length, including the Natchaug, nearly 60 miles; including the Quinebaug, about 90 miles. She Would if She Could. A very succe ful comedy by George Etherege, produced in 1668. Sheyenne. Sheyenne. See Cheyenne. Shiahs (she'äz). A division of the Mohammedans which maintains that Ali, first cousin of Mohammed and husband of his daughter Fatima, was the first legitimate imam or succe or of the prophet, and rejects the first three califs of the Sunnis (th (the other great division) as usurpers. The Shiahs "are also called the Imamiyahs, because they believe the Muslim religion consists in the true knowledge of the Imam or rightful leaders of the faithful" (Hughes, Dict. of Islam). They claim to be the orthodox Mohammedans, but are treated by the Sunnis as heretics. The Shiahs comprise nearly the whole Persian nation, and are also found in Oudh, a province of British India; but the Mohammedans of the other parts of India are for the most part Sunnis. Also Shiites. Shiawa ee (shi-a-wos'e). A river in Michigan which unites with Flint River 8 miles southwest of Saginaw City to form Saginaw River. Length, about 90 miles. Shidzuoka (shēd-zö-ō'kä). A city in the province of Suruga, Japan, 95 miles southwest of Tokio. Population (1891), 38,246. Shiel (shel), Loch. A lake in western Scotland, forming part of the boundary between Argyll and Inverne . It communicates with the ocean by Loch Moidart. Length, 17+ miles. Shield (shēld), William. Born at Swalwell, near Newcastle, 1748: died at London, Jan. 25, 1829. An English operatic composer. In 1772 he was second violin in an opera orchestra. In 1778 he pro. duced "The Flitch of Bacon," his first comic opera. He was engaged at Covent Garden as composer, and remained there 1791-97., He composed "Rosina," "The Mysteries, of the Castle," "Robin Hood," "The Lock and "Aladdin," "The Castle of And alus i a," etc. Among his songs are "The Arethusa," "The Heaving of the Lead," "The Thorn," "The Wolf," the trio "O Happy Fair," etc. Shields (shēldz), Charles Woodruff. Born at New Albany, Ind., April 4, 1825. An American theologian and philosopher, profe or at Princeton. He has published "Philosophia Ultima" (1861), "Book of Common Prayer (1864), "Religion and Science in their Relation to Philosophy" (1875), etc. Shields, James. Born in County Tyrone, Ireland, 1810: died at Ottumwa, Iowa, June 1, 1879. An American general and politician. Hewasa general Shift (shift). 1. An impudent beggar who pretends to be a disbanded soldier, "one that never was a soldier, yet lives upon lendings": character in Jonson's "Every Man out of his Humour," since frequently imitated. An attorney's clerk, a mimic, appearing as Smirk, Smin an auctioneer, in Foote's play "The Minor." This part was played by Foote himself, and was designed to satirize Tate Wilkinson, his a ociate.