rolypol, rollypol ly, rollypooley, rowlypowly, roulypouly

& 8. [A redupl. of roll (q. v.).] A. As adjective: 1. Lit .: Shaped like a rolypoly; round, podgy. "Squashy rolypoly pudding, with all the jam boiled out and the water boiled in."-E. J. Worboise: Si ie , ch. xix. 2. Fig .: Unstable, unsteady. IMG:content-0713.png:[blocks in formation] turmoil. *rom-age (age as Ig), s. [ROMAGE, v.] Bustle, "Of this post-haste and romage in the land." Shakesp.: Hamlet, i. 1. Rō-mā-Ic, a. & subst . [Fr. Romaïque ; Mod. Gr. Romaikė , from Lat. Roma =Rome.] A. As adj .: Pertaining or relating to the Modern Greek vernacular language, or to those who speak it. B. As subst.: The vernacular language of Modern Greece; the language spoken by the uneducated and the peasantry, so called from being the lan guage of the descendants of the Eastern Romans. It is a corruption of ancient Greek, the characters IMG:content-0714.png:[blocks in formation] Roman-architecture spring of A. D. 58, a year after the First, and half a year after the Second Epistle to the Corinthians, and a few months after the Epistle to the Galatians (cf. Rom. xv. 25, 26 with Acts xix. 21, xx. 1-3, xxi. 15). In writing it he employed an amanuensis, Tertius (Rom. xvi. 22), and sent it by the hand of Phebe, a servant to the church at Cenchrea, the port of Corinth (verse 1). When Paul penned it he had never been to Rome (Acts xix. 21; Rom. i. 10-13, .), and had not, therefore, directly founded its church. Among those present on the day of Pentecost, there were "strangers of Rome, Jews, and proselytes" (Acts ii. 10). If, as is po ible, some of them returned home after seeing the miracle, and listening to the impa ioned preaching of St. Peter, they may have been the first to sow the seeds of Christianity in the metropolis, and Peter have been the indirect founder of the Roman Church. The tradition that he founded it more directly, A. D. 41, originated with Jerome, who died A. D. 420, and is difficult to reconcile with Acts xv. 7-11, and Gal. ii. 1-9. It is remarkable that St. Paul makes no allusion in his epistle to any pastor of the Roman Church, as if it had not been organized under eccle siastical officers. The Church seems to have been partly Jewish (ii. 14-17, vii. 1), and partly Gentile (i. 6, 13, xi. 13). The epistle opens with an introduction in which Paul declares his apostleship (i. 1-7), commends the faith of the Roman Christians, whom he earnestly desires to visit (8-13), proclaims that he is not ashamed of the gospel of Christ (14-17), and then glides almost insensibly into the most systematic treatment of Christian doctrine and practice to be found in the New Testament. Trying the Roman and other parts of the Gentile world by the light of nature (19-20), he shows how fearfully corrupt the heathens then were, and how destitute of excuse for their conduct (18-32). The Jew is next shown to have flagrantly violated the Divine law revealed to him, and it is proclaimed that all the world stands guilty before God (ii., iii. 1-19). Justification is in no case to be obtained by the "deeds of the law" (20), but is granted freely by God's grace to those who have faith in the propitiatory sacrifice of Christ (23-31). After showing that the same principle was in force in the times of Abraham and of David (iv.), he enumerates some of the ble ings which faith brings in its train; as, peace (v. 1), patience, experience, hope, and eternal life (2-21). Nor does the doctrine of free grace encourage its recipients to carele ne of moral practice. Paul and other believers are dead to sin, and are spiritual men continually in conflict with it (vi., vii., viii. 1-15). Led by the Spirit of God, admitted to the privileges of sonship, aided in prayer by the Spirit of God, they shall never be separated from the love of Christ, and through Him shall be more than conquerors (16-39). The doctrine of the Divine sovereignty is next treated of with respect to nations and individuals, pa ionate desire being expre ed for the salvation, ultimately to take place, of the Jewish people (ix.-xi.). Then follow practical exhortations with respect to Christian conduct in the several relations of life-as to friends, to enemies and persecutors, to the Roman civil authorities, to the church in general, and a weaker brethren in particular (xii.-xv. 13). After intimating more minutely than before his own intended movements (14-33), and sending many salutations from himself and his companions (xvi. 1-23) he closes with a benediction (24-27). No eminent critic has disputed the genuinene of the epistle which is acknowledged even by Baur. It is first alluded to by Clement of Rome, A. D. 95, by Ignatius, by Polycarp, by various Gnostics, by Justin Martyr, by the writer of the epistle to Diognetus, ., till finally Irenæus, about 185, refers to it by name. [PAULINE THEOLOGY.] Roman-alum, s . An alum extracted from the volcanic rocks of the solfaterra near Naples, and containing more alumina than the common alum. Roman-architecture, s . Arch.: The Composite order. During the first centuries of the Roman state the buildings erected to be ascribed to the Etruscans, forming the basis of Roman architecture cub at quently, in the time of the Scipios, the taste for Grecian art was mingled with it. Greek architects were soon introduced into Italy; and thus Roman architecture, like Roman art in general, conformed 1. A native or inhabitant of Rome; one enjoying as nearly to the Grecian as the Roman genius per the privileges of a Roman citizen. "This man is a Roman ." -Acts xxii. 26. 2. A Roman Catholic. "Whether doth the Jew romanize, or the Roman judaize, in his devotions?"-Light foot: Miscellanies , p. 137. 3. A Roman letter or type, as distinguished from an italic letter. The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Romans: New Test . Canon : The first in arrangement (not in date) of St. Paul's Epistles. It was written from Corinth (cf. xvi. 23 with 1 Cor. i. 14; 2 Tim. iv. 20) on his third mi ionary journey, apparently in the mitted it to do. The reticulated masonry [OPUS RETICULA TUM) is peculiar to Roman architecture. It consists of square cuneiform stones or tiles, with the broad ends facing outward, and arranged in lines, which do not run horizontally, but intersect each other like network. The base and the corners of these walls consist of horizontal layers of squarest one, and there are sometimes intersecting belts of the same kind of material in the middle of the network itself. Among all the forms which the Romans borrowed from foreign sources, the art of vaulting, which they learned from the Etruscans, was that which they most skillfully adapted and IMG:content-0715.png:[blocks in formation] 3489 Cicero flourished B. C. 60; Cæsar, 54. Cornel i us Nepos. 44; Virgil and Horace, 28; Livy and Ovid, 14. About A. D. 180 the Roman literature began to decline, and by 539 it was in the last stage of decay. Roman-nose, s. A nose somewhat aquiline, like that of an ancient Roman. Roman-numerals, s . pl . The Roman system of numerals has deduced by Latin scholars from inscriptions and references in books rather than from any known Latin arithmetic. The Romans had seven prime figures: I for 1, V for 5, X for 10, L for 50, C for 100, D'for for 500, and M for 1,000. D was 1) and M was originally CIO). When was affixed to any number, it indicated that that number was multiplied by 10. Thus I stood for 5,000; 1000 for 50,000. Chad to be prefixed to a number as many times as A. As adj.: Of or belonging to the Roman Cathwas affixed. When present in such quantities it olics. [B.] B. As substantive: doubled the number indicated by the reversed Cs. Thus I was 5,000, CCID) was 10,000, and so on. tic. romantic