At kins on, Edward

Ph.D., LL.D., an economist; b. at Brook line, Ma ., Feb. 10, 1827; educated at Dart mouth College, and widely known as a writer on economic subjects. His large works include The Distribution of Products; The Industrial Progre of Nations; and The Science of Nutrition. He organized a fire insurance company on new principles, and is the inventor of an improved cooking stove. Atlanta, in Texas, a post-town, former cap. of Ca co. Pop. (1898) 1,800. Atlanta Exposition. Of all the Southern cities none have shown more enterprise and rapidity of levelopment than Atlanta, the capital of Georgia, the largest city in the State, and the leading railroad center of the South. The first house was built there in 1836, the place being known by the name of Terminus until 1843 and Marthasville until 1847, when it was incorporated as the city of Atlanta, it having then a population of about 2,500. At the beginning of the Civil War, it was made a Confederate manufacturing center and dépôt of supplies. In 1864, when besieged and taken by Sherman, it was found to have 30,000 inhabitants. When the Union Army left it on its "March to the Sea," Atlanta was set on fire and practically destroyed. After the war it was rapidly rebuilt, and developed active manufacturing industries, which have increased until it is now a flourishing center of production and trade, its manufactories including a number of large cotton and furniture factories, over 25 foundries, machine shops, and agricultural implement works, and a considerable number of cottonseed-oil mills, fertilizer, gla , and ice factories. In the surrounding districts are many populous suburbs, and market gardening is actively pursued. Shortly after the close of the Columbian World's Exposition, at Chicago, a desire was mani-) fested in the South for a more adequate display of its products, and Atlanta was selected as the site of the Cotton States and International Exposition, which was opened on September 15, 1895. The locality chosen for the Exposition was Piedmont Park, two miles from the center of the city, 189 acres in area, and admirably adapted by nature for scenic effects. The Park being bordered by elevated ground, sloping down to a low level in the centre, afforded opportunity for a large central lake, on whose border was planted a garden of Southern flowers. The buildings were erected on the elevated ground surrounding, and so artistically grouped that all the structures were visible at one glance, while the central lake and garden gave a beautiful effect from every point of view. The edifices, which were of striking and effective architecture, included structures with the following specific titles: Manufactures and Liberal Arts, Machinery, Mining, Transportation, Horticulture, Electricity, Fine Arts, Minerals and Forestry, Government, Woman's, Negro, Tobacco, Administration, and various smaller buildings. The one devoted to the Negro industries was an interesting innovation, and contained an important exhibit of the productions of the colored people of the South. Exhibits were made by most of the Northern States, by Mexico and the other American republics, and by a number of European countries. The enterprise proved highly succe ful, and was largely attended, there being on some days more than 100,000 people present. It closed December 31, 1895. Atlantic, in low a , a city, cap. of Ca co. It has numerous manufacturing industries and is the commercial center of a rich agricultural district.. Pop . in 1890, 4,351; in 1897, abt. 7,500. Atmolyzer, ( āt - mo - lī'zür .) [From Gr. atmos , vapor, lysis , a losing.] An instrument devised by Mr. Graham, late Master of the English Mint, to illustrate the application of diffusion through a porous septum as a practical analytical method of separating mixed gases. The apparatus is thus constructed: - The stalk, about two feet long, of a Dutch tobacco-pipe, having an internal diameter of about 2.5 millimètres, is fixed by means of perforated corks within a gla or metallic tube some inches in length, and about an inch and a half in diameter ( w , i), as in the construction of a Liebig condenser. Another quill tube (v) is inserted in one of the end corks, affording the means of communication between the annular space and the vacuum of an air-pump. The external surface of the corks and those portions of the Fig . 2685.-ATMOLYZER. pipe-stem which project outside the tube should be coated with varnish, to render them impermeable to air. A vacuum is next obtained within the large outer tube, and the mixed gas is then made to enter and pa through the porous tobacco-pipe. A portion of the gas is drained off through the porous tube and pumped away, while another portion pa es on through the other extremity of the clay tube, where it may be collected. The stream of gas diminishes as it proceeds. The lighter gas is drawn most largely into the vacuum, leaving the denser gas in a more concentrated state to pa away through the exit end of the clay tube. The more slowly the mixed gas is moved through the tube, the larger will be the proportion of light gas which has been drawn off into the vacuum, and the more concentrated will the heavy gas become. The rate of flow of the mixed gas can be regulated by discharging it from a gas-holder or drawing it into a gas-receiver under ascertained pre ure. In his communication to the Royal Society, Mr. Graham gave the following, among other results: A mixture of 1 measure of oxygen and 2 of hydrogen was pa ed at the rate of 9 litres per hour; 0-45 litre of the mixed gas was collected. Before traversing the A. it contained O 33-3, H 667; after traversing the apparatus it contained O 90-7, H 9-3. The result of this experiment was very striking, as the mixture before traversing the tube was explosive, but after its pa age through the porous aperture it ceased to be so, and a lighted taper burnt in it as in pure oxygen. Atrowli ( atro'le ), a flourishing town of British India, N. W. Provinces, pres. Bengal, dist. of Allygurh, 63 m. N. N. E. of Agra. Pop . (1895) 12,722. At'tala, in Alabama , a town of Etowah co., 56 m. from Birmingham. It has a large cotton trade and is surrounded by iron-ore deposits, in which it has a considerable shipping trade. Pop . (1890), 1,254. Au'burn, in Nebraska , a city, cap. of Nemaha co. (1890), 1,537. Auburn dale, in Ohio , a village of Lucas co. (1890), 1,609. Pop. Pop.