polarity (polar it i)

[= F. polar ité = Sp. polar i dad = Pg. polaridade = It. polar ità, ies, these are properties of attraction or repair the power of taking a certain direction: as, the polarity of the magnet or magnetic needle. (See magnet.) A substance is said to po e magnetic polarity when pos Se es poles, as shown by the fact that it attracts one pole of a magnetic needle and repels the other. A magnetical property which some call polarity . Boyle , Works, III. 309. 2. The being attracted to one pole and repelled from the other; attraction of opposites: literal or figurative: as, electricity has polarity. It seemed Clifford's nature to be a Sybarite. It was perceptible even there, in the dark old parlor, in the inevitable polarity with which his eyes were attracted towards the quivering play of sunbeams through the shadowy foliage. Hawthorne , Seven Gables, vii. 3. The having of an axis with reference to which certain physical properties are deter mined.-4. The having, as a ray, variation of properties in reference to different inclinations to a plane through the ray; polarization. [This use of the word is objectionable.] polarizable (pō'lär-i-za-bl), a. [ polarization (pō"lär-i-zāʼshon), n. [= F. po laris at i on = It. polarizzazione; as polarize + -ation.] 1. The state, or the act producing the state, of having, as a ray, different properties on its different sides, so that opposite sides are alike, but the maximum difference is between two sides at right angles to each other. This is the case with polarized light.-2. Le properly, the acquisition of polarity, in any sense. Also spelled polarisation . Angle of polarization, circular polarization. See polarization of light. Electrolytic polarization, in elect.: (a) The proce of depositing a film of gas upon the plate in a voltaic cell, or upon the electrodes in electrolysis. (b) The condition thus produced. Thus, in the electrolysis of water polarization of the electrodes takes place, the one becoming coated with a film of oxygen, the other with a film of hydrogen gas. The phrase is most frequently used to describe the proce by which the negative plate in a voltaic cell becomes coated with hydrogen, with the result of giving rise to a reverse electromotive force, and thus of weakening the current. On the methods of preventing this, see cell, 8.-Elliptic polarization. See polarization of light. Plane of polarization, the plane which includes the incident ray and the ray which is reflected (or refracted) and po them if their positions are parallel; if, however, the nicols are cro ed that is, have their shorter diagonals, or, in other words, their vibration-planes, at right angles to each other-the light which pa es through the first prism (called the polarizer ) will be extinguished by the second (called the analyzer ). Two sections of a crystal of tour mal in, another doubly refracting substance, cut parallel to the vertical axis, will act in the same way as the nicols, transmitting the light if placed parallel, arresting it if placed with axes at right angles to each other. In the tour mal in one of the rays is almost entirely absorbed by the crystal, and that which pa es through is polarized with its vibrations parallel to the axis. In addition to the above linear plane polarization of a light-ray, there is also what is called circular and elliptical polariza tion, in which the vibrations of the ether-particles take place in circles and ellipses. This property, belonging to certain substances, as quartz, cinnabar, and solution of sugar, has the effect of rotating the plane of polarization of the light transmitted through them to the right (right handed) or to the left (left-handed). A light-ray pa ing through a transparent medium in a strong magnetic field, or reflected from the pole of a powerful electromagnet, also suffers a rotation of the plane of polarization. See rota tion, and rotatory power, under rotatory. polarization-microscope (poō"lär-i-zā'shon mī"krō-skōp), п. An instrument consisting e entially of a microscope and a polariscope combined. See microscope. polarize (po'lar-iz), v. t.; pret. and pp. polar ized, ppr. polarizing. [= F. polariser = Sp. po larizar = It. polarizzare; as polar + -ize.] 1. To develop polarization in, as in a ray of light which is acted upon by certain media and surfaces; give polarity to. See polarization. If sound's sweet influence polarize thy brain, And thoughts turn crystals in the fluid strain. O. W. Holmes, A Rhymed Le on. caused it to be borne afore them. Hall , Hen. VIII., an. 19. Vines that grow not so low as in France, but vpon high poles or railes. Coryat, Crudities, I. 95. Specifically- ( a ) A rod used in measuring. (b) In a two horse vehicle, a long tapering piece of wood, forming the shaft or tongue, carrying the neck-yoke or the pole-straps, and sometimes the whiffletrees, by means of which the carriage is drawn. (c) A fishing-rod. (d) A bean-pole or hop-pole. (e) A ship's mast. 2. A perch or rod, a measure of length containing 164 feet or 5 yards; also, a measure of surface, a square pole denoting 5+ × 51⁄2 yards, or 304 square yards. In dyuers odur placis in this lande they mete grounde by poll is , gaddis, and roddis; som be of xviij foote, som of xx. fote, and som xxi. fote in lengith. Arnold's Chron., p. 173. 3. A flatfish, Pleuronectes or Glyptocephalus cy no glo us, also called pole - dab. [Local, Eng.] -4. That part of the sperm-whale's lower jaw which holds the teeth. See pan1, 12.- Barber's pole. See barber. - Setting pole, a pole with which a boat is pushed through the water. To set a pole. See set. Under bare poles. See barel. polel (pol), v.; pret. and pp. poled, ppr. poling. [ pole , n.] I. trans . 1. To furnish with poles for support: as, to pole beans.-2. To bear or convey on poles.-3. To impel by means of a pole, as a boat; push forward by the use of poles.-4. In copper - refining, to stir with a pole ole. II. in trans. To use a pole; push or impel a boat with a pole. From the beach we poled to the little pier, where sat the Bey in person to perform a final examination of our pa ports. R. F. Burton , El-Medinah, p. 120. negative plate in a voltaic cell. Also spelled polarise . Polarizing angle. Same as angle of polarization , for which see polarization of light, under polarization. - Po larizing microscope. See polariscope. polarized (poʻlär-īzd), p. a. 1. Having polarization; affected by polarization: as, polarized light; polarized radiant heat.- 2. In elect., having the surface covered with a film of gas, as the negative plate of a simple voltaic cell (with hydrogen) after a brief use. Also spelled polarised . Polarized rings. See interference figures, under inter ference, 5. polarizer (poʻlär-i-zėr), n. In optics, that part of a polariscope by which light is polarized: distinguished from analyzer. Also spelled po lariser. polar-plant (po'lar-plant), n. Same as com pa - plant. [Rare.]