Salem

1. A district in Madras, British India, intersected by lat. 12° N., long. 78° E. Area, 7,529 square miles. Population (1891), 1,962,591.-2. The capital of the district of Salem, situated on the river Tirumanimuttar about lat. 11° 39′ N., long. 78° 12′ E. Population (1891), 67,710. Salemi (sä-lā'mē). A town in the province of ere Trapani, Sicily, 41 miles southwest of Palermo: the ancient Halicyæ. Population, 11,512. Salerio (sa-lē'ri-ō). A me enger from Venice: a character in Shakspere's "Merchant of Venice." See Salanio. Salankeman, or Salankamen. See Slank a men. Sala i (sa-las'i). In ancient history, a Celtic or Ligurian tribe which occupied the valley of the Dora Baltea, northwestern Italy. They were in conflict with the Romans 143 B. C. and later, and were finally subdued in 25 B. C. A Roman colony was planted at the modern Aosta. Salathiel (sa-la'thi-el). A romance by George Croly, published in 1827, on the subject of the Wandering Jew. Salaverry (sä-lä-vā'rē), Felipe Santiago de. Born at Lima, May 3, 1806: died at Are quip a, Feb. 19, 1836. A Peruvian general. He headed unsucce ful revolts in 1833, and commanded a division in the campaign against Gamarra in 1834. Being in command of the castle at Callao, which he had taken, he declared against President Or be go so during the latter's ab Salerno (sa-ler'nō; It. pron. sä-ler'nō). 1. A province in Italy (formerly called PrincipatoCiteriore), in the kingdom of Naples. Area, 1,916 square miles. Population (1891), 566.870. -2. A seaport, capital of the province of Salerno, Italy, situated on the Gulf of Salerno in lat. 40° 41′ N., long. 14° 47° E.: the ancient Sa Salerno lernum. It has some commerce and manufactures of cotton, etc. Its chief building, the Cathedral of San Matteo, was dedicated in 1084. It is preceded by an arcaded atrium or fore court with 28 antique columns. The chief portal is richly sculptured with foliage and animals, and has bronze doors with 54 panels bearing cro es and sacred personages. The pavement is in rich mosaic; the ambones, ornamented with sculpture and mosaics, rank with the best of early medieval art. Salerno was an ancient Roman colony; became the seat of a Lombard principality; and was taken by Robert Guiscard about 1077. Its medical school was famous in the middle ages. The university was closed in 1817. Population (1881), 22, 328. Salerno, Gulf of, or Gulf of Pæstum. An arm of the Mediterranean Sea, on the western coast of Italy, southeast of the Bay of Naples. Sales (säl; E. sālz), François. Born in Rou illon, France, 1771: died at Cambridge, Ma ., Feb. 16, 1854. A French-American scholar, profe or at Harvard. He published a Spanish grammar, and edited Spanish and French cla ics. Sales, Francis of. See Francis of Sales . Saleyer. See Salayer . Salford (sal'ford). A municipal and parliamentary boroügh in Lancashire, England, adjoining Manchester, from which it is separated by the Irwell. In industries and interests it is closely connected with Manchester, of which it is practically a part. Population (1891), 198,136. Salghir, or Salgir (säl-ger'). The principal river of the Crimea. It flows into the Putrid Sea on the eastern coast. Length, about 100 miles. Salian Emperors. See Franc on i an Emperors . Salian Franks. See Salii and Franks . Salieri (sä-le-a'rē), Antonio. Born at Legnano, Italy, Aug. 19, 1750: died at Vienna, May 7, 1825. An Italian composer of operas and church music. He went to Vienna in 1766; was made court kapellmeister there 1788-1824; and was director of opera there 1766-90. His works include five ma es, a number of Te Deums and le er church music, four oratorios, between thirty and forty operas, etc. Among the latter are "Les Danaïdes" (1784), "La Grotte de Trofonio" (1785), "Tarare" (first produced in 1787 as "Axur, Re d'Ormus": his most noteworthy work), and "Die Neger" (1804). Salies (sä-lē'). ('Salt-springs.'] A town and watering-place in the department of Ba esPyrénées, France, 28 miles east of Bay Bayonne. It has salt-springs. Population (1891), commune, 6,243. Salii (sā'li-i). [LL. Salii , Franci Salii .] A German tribe, a part of the Franks, first mentioned by Ammianus late in the 4th century. They were settled north and along the Maas the lower and Schelde Rhine, on about the south the Y el to the on North the Sea. In the 5th century, under Clovis, they overthrew the Roman power in Gaul, and founded the Me roving i an Frankish monarchy. Salim (sā'lim). A place (not identified) mentioned in John iii. 23. Salina (sä-lē'nä). One of the Lipari Islands, in the Mediterranean 4 miles northwest of Lipari. Length, 6 miles. Salina (sa-li'nä). [Sp. salina , salt-pit, salt spring.] The capital of Saline County, central Kansas, situated on Smoky Hill River 107 miles west by south of Topeka. Population (1890), 6,149. Salinan (sä-lē'nan). A linguistic stock of North American Indians, now represented only by the Chalone tribe, formerly residing at San Antonio and San Miguel mi ions, in Monterey and San Luis Obispo counties, California. The name is derived from that of the Salinas River. Salinas, Marquis of, Viceroy of Peru. See Velasco , Luis de. Salinas (sä-lē'näs) River. A river in California which flows into Monterey Bay 76 miles south-southeast of San Francisco. Length, 125-150 miles. Saline (sa-len') River. 1. A river in central and southern Arkansas which joins the Washita near the boundary of Louisiana. Length, about 200 miles.-2. A river in southern Illinois which joins the Ohio 9 miles south of Shaw nee town. Length, including the South Fork, over 100 miles.-3. A river in Kansas which flows easterly and joins the Smoky Hill River about 100 miles west of Topeka. Length, 250-300 miles. Salins (sä-lan'). A town in the department of Jura, France, 21 miles south-southwest of Besançon: noted for its salt-springs and saltworks. Population (1891), commune, 6,068. Salisbury (salz'bu-ri), or New Sarum (nū sā'rum). ME. Salisbury , Sales bury , AS. Scares burh , gen. and dat. Sea res by rig , also Searoburh , Searobyrig , Scare by rig , appar. 'sear borough,' 'dry town, but the first element (ML. Sarum ) is perhaps of other origin.] A city and the capital of Wilts hire, England, situated at the junction of the Wily and Bourne with the Avon, in lat. 51° 4′ N., long. 1° 48′ W. It was formerly noted for cutlery and woolen manufactures. Near it is Old Sarum, from which the episcopal see was transferred in 1220. The cathedral, the most beautiful of English ecclesiastical monuments, was begun in 1220 and finished in 1260, in a uniform and dignified early-Pointed style. The plan has a square chevet with projecting Lady chapel, double transepts, and long nave. The west front, while lacking the clearne and structural propriety of French designs, is a notable work: it is flanked by low towers, and po e es 3 canopied portals, the central one triple. The wall-space and that of the towers is covered with six bands of arcades and quatrefoils, the arcades containing ranges of statues. The capital exterior feature is the superb central tower and spire (406 feet high). The interior is excellently portioned, with graceful arches and pillars but sober decoration. There is a rich modern metal choir-screen of openwork, and there are a number of fine medieval tombs. The dimensions of the cathedral are 473 by 99 feet; length of west transepts, 230; height of nave-vaulting, 81. The very large 13th-century cloister is of great beauty, and the octagonal chapter-house, vaulted from a central clustered column and arcaded below the windows, is admirable. Population (1891), 15,980. Salisbury, Earl of. See Cecil , Robert . Salisbury, John of. See John of Salisbury . Salisbury, Third Marquis of (Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne Cecil). Born at Hat field House, Herts, Feb. 13, 1830. An English Conservative statesman, second son of the second Marquis of Salisbury. Known at first as Lord Robert Cecil, and after his elder brother's death (June 14, 1865) by the courtesy title of Viscount Cranborne, he succeeded his father as marquis April 12, 1868. He was educated at Eton and at Oxford (Christ Church), graduating in 1850. He entered Parliament as member for Stamford in Feb., 1854, and took an active part in the discu ion of public questions notably in opposing the abolition of church rates in 1858, and in support of Disraeli's reform bill in 1859. He held the office of secretary for India in Lord Derby's ministry from July, 1866, to March, 1867. In 1869 he was elected chancellor of the University of Oxford. In 1874 he entered the cabinet of Disraeli (later Earl of Beacons field), again as secretary for India. On the reopening of the Eastern Question he was sent to Constantinople as the represent a tive of England in a conference of the European powers, and on Lord Derby's resignation in April, 1878, he became foreign secretary. The same year he accompanied Lord Beacons field to the Congre of Berlin. The death of Beacons field (April 19, 1881) made him the leader of the Conservative party; and he has held office as prime minister in three administrations-from June, 1885, to Jan., 1886, from July, 1886, to Aug., 1892, and from June, 1895. In the first, during the greater part of the second, and the third he was foreign secretary as well as premier. Salisbury Court Theatre. An old London theater. In 1583 it was one of the principal "play. houses." It was destroyed in 1649, and Duke's Theatre took its place in 1660. Salisbury Crags. A high range of hills east of Edinburgh, on the western side of Arthur's Seat. Edinburgh,