Strasburg, Nov

26, 1817: died at Paris, May 12, 1884. A noted French chemist, succe or of Dumas (1853) as profe or of organic chemistry at the Sorbonne, and of Orfila as profe or of toxicology at the École de Médecine, and dean of the medical faculty 1866-76. Würzburg (vürts'börg). An ancient bishopric and principality of the German Empire, founded in 741 (?). The greater part of it was granted to Bavaria in 1803; it was given to the former Grand Duke of Tuscany in 1805, and made an electorate; entered the Confederation of the Rhine in 1806, and became a grand duchy; and was ceded to Bavaria in 1815. York in 1864. He suffered a stroke of paralysis about 1877, and afterward painted with his left hand. Wyat, Sir Thomas. See Wyatt. Wyatt (wi'at), or Wyat (wi'at), Sir Thomas. Born in Kent, 1503: died at Sherborne, Dorset- shire, Oct. 10, 1542. An English diplomatist and poet, sent by Henry VIII. on various diplomatic mi ions. He wrote the first English sonnets, and his poems were printed with Surrey's in 1557. Wyatt, Sir Thomas, "The Younger." Born about 1520: executed at London, April 11, 1554. Son of Sir Thomas Wyatt. He commanded at Boulogne; joined with the Duke of Suffolk in favor of Lady Jane Grey and against Queen Mary 1553-54; and led the men Webster and Dekker wrote a play on the subject, called of Kent against London in Feb., 1554, but was captured "The Famous History of Sir Thomas Wyatt." It was printed in 1607. Wyatt's Rebellion. The unsucce ful insur- rection against Queen Mary and in favor of Lady Jane Grey, Grey, led led by by the Duke of Suffolk and Sir Thomas Wyatt 1553-54. Wycherley (wich'er-li), William. Born at Clive, near Shrews bury, England, about 1640: died at London (?), Dec., 1715. An English dramatist. He went to France when quite young, and mingled in the society of the précieuses at the Hôtel de Rambouillet. On returning he went to Oxford, and later to the Middle Temple, and studied law; became a courtier at The Century Cyclopedia of Names The Century Cyclopedia of Names Wycherley the court of Charles II.; and was imprisoned several years for debt after the death of his first wife, the Counte of Drogheda, whose fortune involved him in litigation. James II set him free, gave him a pension, and paid his debts out of admiration for his play "The Plain Dealer." In 1715 he married again, but died shortly after. He wrote the plays "Love in a Wood" (1672), “The Gentleman Dancing Master" (1672), "The Country Wife" (1673), and "The Plain Dealer" (1677). Wych (wich) street. A London street which opens behind Holy well street, close to the entrance of Clement's Inn. It contains some curious old houses, and is very narrow. This street is famous in the annals of London thieving for the exploits of Jack Sheppard, who gave rendezvous to his boon companions at the White Lion (now pulled down whiteriet that Bishop Hooper, in 1554, was taken to die for his faith at Gloucester. Hare , London, I. 45. in Lion Wyclif, or Wycliffe, or Wiclif, or Wickliffe (wik'lif), John. Born at Spreswel (thought to be either Hips well or Barford), near Richmond, Yorkshire, about 1324: died at Lutterworth, Leicestershire, Dec. 31, 1384. A celebrated English religious reformer, called "the Morning Star of the Reformation." He was a fellow, and later (1360) master, of Balliol College, Oxford; and became rector of Filling ham, Lincoln shire, in the same year, and in 1368 of Lud ger shall, Bucking hams hire, and in 1374 of Lutterworth. (The warden of Canterbury Hall 1365-67 was probably another John Wyclif, of Merton, Oxford, vicar of May field: there is much confusion be tween the early life of these two.) He went with John of Gaunt as royal amba ador to confer with papal nuncios at Bruges in 1374; was a popular preacher in London; and was summoned before Convocation in 1377 as an an enemy to Rome on account of his attacks on the inordinate arrogance and wealth and power of the higher clergy (this blow was really aimed at John of Gaunt). The Pope signed five bulls against him, authorizing his imprisonment. The schism in the papacy, due to the election of Clement VII. in place of Urban VI., induced him to throw off his allegiance to the papacy. He opposed the doctrine of transubstantiation at Oxford in 1380; was condemned by the uni versity; and his party was opposed and persecuted by Courtenay (archbishop of Canterbury) and in 1382. He went back to Lutterworth, where he wrote ceasele ly and fearle ly against papal claims, and in opposition to mere formalism. On Dec. 28, 1384, he was seized with paralysis while hearing ma , and died in a few days. In 1428 his bones were exhumed, burned, and their ashes cast into the Swift, by order of the Synod of Con stance. He made the first complete translation of the Bible into English (about 1382) from the Vulgate, a isted by Nicholas 1073 of Here ford. The latter translated the Old Testament and the apocryphal books to about the third chapter of the Book Baruch. Wyclif certainly translated the Gospels (probably about 1360), and presumably all the rest. He wrote many tracts and sermons: "De Jura men to Arnaldi," "Trialogus," "De officio pastorali," "De ecclesia," "De benedict a in carn at i one," "De Dominio divi no," etc. His works were edited by the Wyclif Society 1882-92. Wyclifites, or Wycliffites (wik'lif-its). The followers of Wyclif: commonly called Lollards. Wyclif's doctrines, propagated in his lifetime, and later by open-air preachers called "poor priests," largely coincided with the later teachings of Luther. Wythe Wynkin de Worde. See Worde. Wyntoun, or Winton (win'ton), Andrew of. Lived in the beginning of the 15th century. A Scottish chronicler, canon of St. Andrews. He wrote a chronicle of Scotland (ed. by D. Laing 1872-79). Wyoming (wi-ō'ming). A State of the United States, bounded by Montana, South Dakota, Nebraska, Colorado, Utah, and Idaho. Capital, Cheyenne. The surface is mountainous (the Rocky Mountains), the chief ranges being the Medicine Bow, Laramie, Sweet Water, Big Horn, Wind River, Absaroka, Teton, and Shoshone. The leading industry is stock-rais it con there are also valuable coal mines and silver-mines. It contains 13 counties, has 2 senators, 1 sentative to Congre . Wyoming was included in large part in the Louisiana purchase; belonged formerly to Dakota Territory; was organized as a Territory in 1808; and was admitted to the Union in 1890. Area, 97,890 square miles. Population (1900), 92,531. Wycombe (wi'kom), or High Wycombe, or Chipping Wycombe (chip'ing wi'kom). Atown in Bucking hams hire, England, 31 miles west northwest of London. It has manufactures of chairs and lace. Population (1891), 13,435. Wye (wi). A river in Wales and England. It forms in its lower course the boundary between Mon mouths hire and Gloucestershire, and joins the estuary of the Severn near Chepstow, 11 miles north by west of Bristol. It is noted for its picturesque scenery. Length, about 130 miles; navigable for barges to Here ford. Wygo, or Vigo (vē'gō), Lake. A lake in the government of Olonetz, Ru ia, 30 miles north of Lake Onega. Its outlet is by the Wyg to the Bay of Onega. Length, 45 miles. Wykeham, William of. See William of Wyke ham . Wyman (wi'man), Jeffries. Born at Chelmsford, Ma ., Aug. 11, 1814: died at Bethlehem, N. H., Sept. 4, 1874. An American compara-wy tive anatomist. He graduated at Harvard in 1833; w England. Wyoming Valley. A valley in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, traversed by the North Branch of the Susquehanna. It is very fertile, and contains beds of anthracite coal. It was settled in 1762 and later years by colonists from Connecticut and Pennsylvania; and was invaded by Tories and Indians under Butler. The defeat of the Americans, July 3, 1778, and the subsequent surrender of the fort, were attended by ma acres on the part of the Indians (much exaggerated in Campbell's description in his "Gertrude of Wyoming"). The settlers were finally confirmed in the po e ion of the valley about 1787. Wyre (wir) Forest. A forest in Worcesters hire, was profe or at Hampden-Sidney College, Virginia, 1843 Wy (vis), Johann Rudolf. Born at Bern, works. 1847; and became profe or of anatomy at Harvard in 1847. He founded the Museum of Comparative Anatomy; was curator of the Peabody Museum; and was president of the Boston Society of Natural History. He lectured on comparative anatomy and physiology before the Lowell Institute in 1849. He published various technical Wyndham (win'dam), Sir Charles. Born in 1841. An English actor. He studied medicine, but English preferred the stage. He went to the United States in 1862, and made his first appearance at Washington. He then served for some time as surgeon in the 19th army corps. He made his first appearance in London in 1868, returned to America the next year, and has since been succe ful on both sides of the Atlantic. Since 1876 he has managed the Criterion, London. He was knighted in 1902. March 13, 1781: died there, March 31, 1830. A Swi author, profe or of philosophy and chief librarian at Bern. His best-known work is "Der schweizerische Robinson" ("The Swi Family Robinson," 1813). IMG:content-1191.png:[ocr errors] Wythe (wiTH), George. Born in Virginia, 1726: died at Richmond, June 8, 1806. An American statesman and jurist. As a member of the Virgin i House of Burge es he drew up a remonstrance to the House of Commons against the Stamp Act; was delegat to the Continental Congre and a signer of the Declaration of Independence; was speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates; was chancellor of the Virginia court; and was profe or of law at William and Mary College. He was poisoned in his eighty-first year. The Century Cyclopedia of Names X. Pseudonym of Eustace Budgell in the "Spectator." Xalapa. See Jalapa . Xalisco. See Jalisco . Xanthippe (zan-thip'ē). [Gr. Ξανθίππη.] The wife of the Greek philosopher So crates, proverbial for her bad temper. Xanthippus (zan-thip'us). [Gr. Ξάνθιππος.] The father of Pericles. He commanded the A then i an fleet at the victory of Mycale 479 B. C. Xanthippus. A Spartan commander. He organ ized the Cart hag in i an army in the first Punic war, and won a victory over Regulus in 255 B. C. Xanthus (zan'thus). [Gr. Ξάνθος .] In ancient geography, a city of Lycia, Asia Minor, situated (zan thu on the river Xanthus near its mouth. It was be- sieged and destroyed by the Persian general Harpagus about 545 B. c., and again by the Romans under Brutus 43 or 42 B. C. Important antiquities were discovered there by Fel- lows about 1838. Among them is the Nereid monument, so called, a cella with a beautiful Ionic peristyle, dating from the middle of the 4th century B. C. The chief frieze, on the basement, represents a battle of cavalry and foot- soldiers; the second frieze illustrates a siege; the third frieze, on the cella, is sculptured with sacrificial and feast- ing scenes; the fourth frieze, on the entablature, shows hunting episodes and homage to an official personage. The principal parts of the monument have been trans- ported to the British Museum. Xaraes, or Xarayes. See Charaes . Xaragua (Hä-räg'wä). A region or “province" in the southwestern part of the island of Haiti at the time of the conquest. Its principal chief was Behechio, whose sister, Anacáona, is celebrated in the early history of the island. See these names.