BERG

an ancient duchy of Germany, forming part of Rhenish Pru ia, and now included in governments Amsberg, Cologne, and DU eldorf. It extended along the Rhine from the Ruhr to the frontiers of Na au, and is everywhere hilly. It is more a manufaeturmg than an agricultural dirtrict, and baa long been famed for its minerals, which include iron of the finest quality, lead, copper, zinc, and the precious metals. In addition to the employment furnished by these minerals, the inhabitants, who are very industrious, have with considerable succe superadded textile manufactures. It is now indeed the chief manufacturing district in Germany, and the most densely peopled. It contains the busy towns of Elberfeld, Barmen, . The duchy of Berg, founded in 1389, had been long consolidated with the Pru ian dominions when (1806) Napoleon revived the title, and conferred it, with an enlarged territory, on Murat. On Murat's receiving the kingdom of Naples, Napoleon named his nephew Louis Napoleon (brother of the late Emperor Napoleon III.) hereditary Grand-duke of Berg, and increased its still farther. At the Congre of Vienna, in the whole was given to the King of Pru ia. 167