Montfermeil, July 29, 1832

A French social Ba es-Pyrénées, ist, organizer of Carbonarist societies, and ad Bayonne (bā-yon'; F. pron. bä-yon'). A seaport in the department of Ba es-Pyrénées, France, situated at the junction of the Nive and Adour, near the Bay of Biscay, in lat. 430 29' N., long. 1° 29′ W. It is a fortre , and its citadel was fortified by Vauban. The bayonet is said to have been invented here. The population is largely Spanish and Basque. It is noted for its hams. A celebrated in terview was held here in 1565 between Charles IX., Elizabeth of Spain, Alva, and Catherine de' Medici, at which is alleged) the St. Bartholomew ma acre was planned. The cathedral of Bayonne is of the 13th and 14th centuries, with modern spires. There is beautiful medieval gla , and two fine sculptured portals. The 13th-century cloister has been in part inclosed and transformed into an additional aisle in the church. Population (1891), 27,192. Bayonne (bā-yon'). A port and city in Hudson County, New Jersey, situated between New York and Newark bays 6 miles southwest of New York. It has chemical works, etc. Population (1890), 19,033. Bayonne, Convention of. A convention concluded May 10, 1808, between France and the grand duchy of Warsaw. Bayonne, Treaty of. A treaty concluded at Bayonne, May, 1808, between Napoleon and Charles IV. of Spain. The latter renounced his right to the Spanish throne. Bayonne Decree. A decree i ued by Napoleon I. at Bayonne, April 17, 1808, directing the seizure of all American ve els then in the ports of France. Bayou State (bi'ö stat), The. An epithet sometimes applied to Mi i ippi. Bayreuth (bi'roit), or Baireuth. A former German burgraviate and principality, now in the northern part of Bavaria. It was united to Ansbach in 1769; was acquired by Pru ia 1791-92; was lost by Pru ia in 1805; and was ceded to Bavaria in 1809. Bayreuth, or Baireuth. The capital of the province of Upper Franc on i a, Bavaria, situated on the Red Main in lat. 49° 56′ N., long. 11° 35' E. It contains the Wagner Theater, the old and new palaces, and the residences of Richter and Richard Wagner. It is now noted for its musical festivals. For merly it was the residence of the margraves of Brandenburg-Culmbach. Population (1890), 24,556. Bayreuth Festival. A musical festival held at Bayreuth, for the representation of Wagner's works, in the National Theater (opened by Wagner in 1876). Bayrhoffer (bir hof-fer), Karl The odor. Born at Marburg, 1812: died at Jordan, Wis., Feb. 3, 1888. A German philosophical writer, pub lieist, and revolutionary politician. He was pro herent of Saint-Simon. Bazardjik. A town in Bulgaria, 27 miles north of Varna. It was captured by the Ru ians in 1774 and 1810. Bazar of (bäz-ä'rof). A brutal but original medical student in Turgenief's "Fathers and Sons." He is the representative of young Ru ia with aspirations toward progre . In him is first formulated the original theory of Nihilism. He takes pride in absolute negation. Bazas (bä-zäs'). A town in the department of Gironde, France, 33 miles southeast of Bordeaux. It figured in the Huguenot wars. Population (1891), 4,948. A town in Bucking hams hire, England, situated 25 miles west-northwest of London. It was the home and burial-place of Waller and of Edmund Burke. Population (1891), 1,773. Beacons field, Earl of. See Disraeli. Beadle, Harriet. See Tatty coram . Beagle (be'gl), Sir Harry. A fox-hunting English squire in Colman's comedy "The Jealous Wife." Beagle Channel. A strait in the archipelago of Tierra del Fuego, which extends east and west in lat. 55° S. Beagle, The. The ship in which Darwin made his voyage as naturalist. She was a 10-gun brig of 235 tons, commanded by Captain Fitzroy. She sailed Dec. 27, 1831, and returned Oct. 2, 1836. She had previously been used in surveying-work on the South American coast. See Darwin , Charles. Beale (bel), Lionel Smith. Born at London, 1828. An English physiologist and microscopist, profe or of medicine at King's College, London, also of physiology and morbid anatomy, and later of pathological anatomy. He is the author of "How to Work with the Microscope," "Protoplasm, or Life, Matter, and Mind," "On Life and on Vital Action in Health and Disease," etc. Beale, Mary. Born in Suffolk, England, 1632. died at London, Dec. 28, 1697. An English artist, noted as a portrait-painter. Beall (bel), John Young. Born in Virginia, Jan. 1, 1835: died on Governor's Island, New York Harbor, Feb. 24, 1865. A Confederate spy and guerrilla. He commanded a body of men who, disguised as pa engers, seized the Lake Erie steamer Philo Parsons Sept. 19, 1864, and subsequently captured and sank another boat, the Island Queen. He was arrested at Suspension Bridge, New York, Dec. 16, 1864, was tried at Fort Lafayette by a military commi ion, and, in spite of a proclamation by Jefferson Davis, dated part ment of Ardennes, France, near the Meuse. 1870. It was destroyed by the Bavarians Sept. 1, Baziás (bo'zi-äsh). A small town in Hungary, situated on the Danube 45 miles east of Belgrad. Bazigars (bä-ze-gärz'). A nomadic race widely in Hindu stan, allied, perhaps, gipsies of Europe. Bazin (bä-zan'). The lackey of Aramis in "The Three Musketeers" by Dumas. Bazin (bä-zan'), Antoine Pierre Louis. Born He 1799: died 1863. A French Orientalist. published "Théâtre chino is," "Grammaire mandarine," etc. Bazin, Jacques Rigomer. Born at Mans, 1771: died Jan. 20, 1820. A French publicist, man of letters, and democratic politician. He was the author of pamphlets published under the title "Le Lynx" (1814) and "Suite du Lynx" (1817), "Jacqueline d'Olysbourg" (1803), a melodrama, "Charlemagne" (1817), a tragedy, "Séide" (1816), a novel, etc. Bazoche (bä-zosh'), or Basoche, La. An a ociation of clerks connected with the parliament of Paris. It watched over the interests of its members, and performed farces satirizing the parliament. It arose at the beginning beginning of the 14th century, and was suppre ed in 179 1791, but has recently been revived. Baztan, or Bastan (bäs-tän'). A valley in the Pyr Pyrenees, in the northern part of the province of Navarre, Spain. It is traversed by the IMG:content-0163.png:[blocks in formation] "Mystery of Edwin Drood," a clerk to Mr. Grewgious, and author of a tragedy which Bazzi, Giovanni Antonio. See Sodoma . gives him a baleful influence over his master. fe or of philosophy at Marburg 1838-46; member of the Landtag of He e in 1848; and president of the chamber Beach, Hicks. See Hicks - Beach . In 1850; and later removed to the United States (Wis- Beach (bech), Moses Yale. Born at Walling cons in). IMG:content-0164.png:[blocks in formation] ford, Conn., Jan. 7; 1800: died at Walling ford, July 19, 1868. An American inventor and journalist, proprietor of the New York "Sun." Beachy Head (be'chi hed). A chalk headland on coast of Su ex, England, projecting into the English Channel, in lat. 50° 44′ N., long. 0° 13′ E. Its height is 575 feet. Beachy Head, Battle of. A naval victory gained near Beachy Head by the French under Tourville over the allied Eng English and Dutch under Torrington, June 30 (N. S. July 10), 1690. Beacon Hill (bē'kon hil). An elevation north of Boston Common. It was named from the beacon fires which were formerly lighted upon it. Baza (ba'tha). A town in the province of Granada, Spain, 57 miles northeast of Granada: the ancient Basti and the medieval Basti an a. It was an important Moorish city, and was captured by Isabella in 1489. It was the scene of a victory of the French under Soult over the Spaniards Aug. 10, 1810. There are hot springs in its vicinity. Population (1887), 11,998. Beacon Street. A street in Boston, Ma ., sumed the responsibility for Beall's action, was convicted and hanged. Bear Flag Battalion. An American corps, in the early history of California, which was active in expelling the Mexicans. Bear Island. A small island in the Arctic Ocean, south of Spitz bergen. Bear Islands. A group of islands in the Arctic Ocean, north of Siberia, about long. 161° E. Bear Lake. A lake about 20 miles long, situ ated on the border of southeastern Idaho and northeastern Utah. Bear Lake, Great. See Great Bear Lake . Bear Mountain. A hill, about 750 feet in height, situated in the northeastern part of Dauphin County, eastern central Pennsylvania. There are coal deposits in its vicinity. Bear River. A river in northern Utah and southern Idaho, which falls into Great Salt Lake, in lat. 41° 28′ N., long. 112° 17′ W. Length, about 400 miles. Beard (berd), George Miller. Born at Montville, May 8, 1839: died in New York city, Jan. 23, 1883. An American physician, author of "Stimulants and Narcotics," "Eating and Drinking," "Hay Fever," etc. Beard, James Henry. Born at Buffalo, N. Y., May 20, 1812: died at Flushing, N. Y., April 4, 1893. An American artist, brother of W. H. Beard, best known as a painter of animals. Beard, William H. Born at Painesville, Ohio, April 13, 1825. An American painter, chiefly of humorous animal pictures. IMG:content-0165.png:[blocks in formation] Beardsley (bērdz'li), Eben Edwards. Born at Stepney, Conn., 1807: died at New Haven, Conn., Dec. 22, 1891. An American Protestant Episcopal clergyman and historical writer. became rector of St. Thomas's Church, New Haven, Connecticut, in 1848, and was the author of "History of the Episcopal Church in Connecticut" (1865). Beardsley, Samuel. Born at Hoosie, N. Y., Feb. 9, 1790: died at Utica, N. Y., May 6, 1860. An American politician and jurist. He was Democratic member of Congre from New York, 18311836 and 1843-44; a ociate judge of the Supreme Court of New York 1844-47; and chief justice in 1847. Béarna is, Le Béarna is (bā-är-nā'), Le. A surname given to Henry IV. of France, who was a native of Béarn. Beas (bē'äs), or Bias (bē'äs), or Beypasha (bā-pash'ä), Gr. Hyp has is (hif'a-sis). [Gr. Ὑφασις .] A river in the Panjab, British India, which joins the Satlaj 50 miles southeast of Lahore. Length, over 300 miles. 1862, Jan. 2, 1863, and rising to the rank of brigadier-general. He was Republican member of Congre from Ohio 1868-73. Author of "The Citizen Soldier, or Memoirs of a Volunteer" (1879), etc. Beau Brummel. See Brummel. Beau Brummel (bō brum'el), the King of Calais. A play by William Blanchard Jerrold, brought out at the Lyceum Theater April 11, 1859. A play called "Beau Brummel" was also produced in New York in 1891 by Richard Mans field. Beau Didapper. See Didapper . Beau Feilding. See Feilding . Beasley (bēz'li), Frederick. Born near Eden- ton, N. C., 1777: died at Elizabeth town, N. J., Nov. 2, 1845. An American clergyman and philosophical writer, profe or of mental and Beau Hewit. See Flutter , Sir Fopling . moral philosophy in the University of Penn- sylvan i a 1813-28. Beata Beatrix. A painting by Dante Gabriel Ro etti, in the National Gallery, London. It is a portrait of the painter's wife, painted after her death, with a quotation given by Dante from Jeremiah, showing Beaton (beton; Se. pron. ba'ton), or Bethune, David. Born 1494: murdered at the castle of St. Andrew's, May 29, 1546. A Scottish prelate and statesman. He was several times amba ador to France; was made bishop of Mirepoix by Francis I. in 1537; became a cardinal in 1538; and was appointed arch- bishop of St. Andrew's and primate of Scotland in 1539, lord privy seal in 1528, and chancellor in 1543. He negotiated the marriage of James V. of Scotland with Magdalen, daugh- ter of Francis I., and also his second marriage with Mary of Guise. After the death of James he was arrested, but later regained his liberty and power, especially opposing the proposed English marriage of Mary. He was a man of loose life and a violent persecutor of the Reformers. It Beau Nash. See Nash. Beau Nash (bo nash). A three-act comedy in prose by Douglas Jerrold, produced at the Hay- market and published in 1825. Beau Sabreur, Le. See Handsome Swordsman. Beau's Duel, The, or A Soldier for the La- dies. A comedy by Mrs. Cent livre, produced and printed in 1702. It was in part taken from Jasper Mayne's "City Match." Beaucaire (bō-kar'). A town in the depart- ment of Gard, France, situated on the Rhône, opposite Tarascon, 14 miles east of Nîmes: the ancient Ugernum. It is noted for its fair, and for- merly had an extensive commerce. Population (1891), commune, 8,947. Beauce (bos). A district of France, included within the departments of Eure-et-Loir and Loir-et-Cher, famous for its production of wheat. Its chief town is Chart res. burned at the stake. Beaton, or Bethune, James. Died 1539. A Scotch prelate, uncle of David Beaton. He became archbishop of Glasgow in 1509, and of St. Andrew's in 1522, and was lord treasurer from 1505, and chancellor 1513-26. He played a conspicuous part in Scotch politics during the minority of James V., and, like his nephew, was a persecutor. Beaton, or Bethune, James. Born 1517: died April 30, 1603. A Scotch Roman Catholic prelate, a nephew of David Beaton. He became archbishop of Glasgow in 1552, and was Scottish amba ador to France for many years previous to his death. He was a man of high character and attainments. Be at rice (bē'a-tris or -trēs; It. pron. bā-ä-tre'che). [L. Beatrix , making happy; F. Béatrice , Béatrix , It. Be at rice , Sp. Pg. Beatriz .] 1. See Portinari, Be at rice. 2. In Marston's play "The Dutch Courtezan," an innocent, modest girl, the antithesis of her gay sister Crispin ell a.-3. The gay and wayward niece of Leon a to, and rebellious lover of Benedick, in Shakspere's comedy "Much Ado about Nothing": a character of intrigue, gaiety, wit, and diversity of humor.-4. The principal character in Hawthorne's story "Rappaccini's Daughter." Her poison-fed beauty fills her lover with pa ion, horror, and finally despair when he sees that he himself has imbibed some of her fatal charm. See Rap paccini . Be at rice. The capital of Gage County, southeastern Nebraska. It is situated on the Big Blue River. Population (1890), 13,836. Be at rice Cenci (bā-ä-trē'che chen'che). See Conci, Be at rice . Be at rice Cenci. A celebrated portrait by Guido Reni, in the Palazzo Barber in i, Rome. It is a three-quarter face seen over the shoulder, with golden hair confined by a white turban; the expre ion is of grief and gentle resignation. Be at rice-Joanna (bē'a-tris-jo-an'ä). In Middle ton's play "The Changeling," a headstrong, unscrupulous, unobservant girl, intent on putting an unwelcome lover out of the way. She induces De Flores, whom she loathes, to murder him, and is astounded when her honor is demanded as a reward instead of money. Unable to escape him, she yields, but is finally killed by De Flores when discovery of the double crime is made. He also kills himself. Beatrix (bē'a-triks). [See Be at rice .] The maid and confidante of the two sisters Theodosia and Jacinth a in Dryden's comedy "An Evening's Love, or The Mock Astrologer." Beatrix. A novel by Balzac, begun in 1839 and finished in 1844. Beatrix Esmond. See Esmond , Beatrix . Beattie (bē'ti; Sc. pron. bā'ti), James. Born at Laurencekirk, Kincardine, Scotland, Oct. 25, 1735: died at Aberdeen, Aug. 18, 1803. A Scotch poet, e ayist, and philosophical writer. He was profe or of moral philosophy and logic in Marischal College, Aberdeen. He wrote "Original Poems and Translations" (1761), "Judgment of Paris" (1765). "The Minstrel" (1771-74), "E ay on Truth" (1770), "Di ertations" (1783), "Elements of Moral Science," etc. Beatty (bē'ti), John. Born near Sandusky, at Monaco, 1767: died at Paris, June 1, 1832. A French historian and littérateur, charged with the supervision of the pre under the Directory. He wrote a His to ire des guerres de la Vendée" (1806), "Le Faux Dauphin" (1803), "His to ire de la conquête et des révolutions du Pérou" (1808), "His to ire du Brésil depuis sa conquête en 1500 jusqu'au 1810" (1815), "Vie de Louis XVIII." (1821), etc. Beauchamp (be cham), Philip. [The surname Beauchamp exists also in the more correct spelling Beecham , which represents the mod. pronunciation. Beauchamp follows the mod. F. spelling; OF. Beuchamp , Beauchamp, fair field.] A pseudonym of George Grote. Beauchamp, Richard de, Earl of Warwick. Born at Salwarp, Worcesters hire, Jan. 28, 1382: died at Rouen, France, April 30, 1439. A noted English soldier and statesman, prominent in affairs of state during the reign of Henry V. Beauchamp, Viscount. The title given by the Jacobites to Sir Frederick Vernon in Sir Walter Scott's novel "Rob Roy." Beauclerc (bō-klärk'). [F. beau clerc, fine scholar.] A surname given to Henry I. of England, on account of his attainments as a scholar. Beau clerk (bō'klärk), Topham. Born Dec. 17, 1739: died at London, March 11, 1780. An English gentleman of refined tastes and charming conversation, notable chiefly as the intimate friend of Dr. Johnson, and for his library of 30,000 volumes (sold at auction in 1781), which was rich in works relating to the English stage and English history. Beaufort (bo-for'), or Beaufort-en-Vallée (bofor'ton-väl-la'). [F., 'fair fort' or 'castle.' Cf. Belfort .] A town in the department of Maine-et-Loire, France, 18 miles east of Angers. Its castle gave their title to the English Beauforts. Population (1891), commune, 4,492. Beaufort (bo'fort). A seaport, capital of Carteret County, North Carolina, situated on an inlet of the Atlantic in lat. 34° 43′ N., long. 76° 40′ W. It has a good harbor. Population (1890), 2.007. Beaufort (bü'fort). A seaport and watering place, the capital of Beaufort County, South Carolina, situated on Port Royal Island in lat. It has a good harbor. 32° 26′ N., long. 80° 40′ W. A settlement here was attempted by the French in 1562, and was made by the English about 1680. It was captured by the Federals Dec. 6, 1861. Population (1800), 3,587. Beaufort, Duc de. See Vendôme , François de . Beaufort (bu'fort), Sir Francis. [The Eng. surname is from OF. Beaufort , the town, lit. 'fair fort.'] Born in Ireland, 1774: died at Brighton, Dec. 17, 1857. An English rear-admiral and man of science, hydrographer to the navy 1829-55. script i on of the South Coast of Asia Minor" (1817), etc. Beaufort, Henry. Born at Beaufort Castle, Anjou: died at Winchester, England, April 11, He wrote "Karamania, or a Brief De 1447. An English prelate and statesman, nat the Civil War. He served in the Union army as a volunteer throughout the war, commanding, as colonel, a brigade in the three days' fight at Stone River, Dec. 31, Beauly Basin the minority of Henry VI., involved in a long contest for the ascendancy with his nephew, the Duke of Gloucester. He was president of the court which sentenced Joan of Arc to the stake. Beaufort, Margaret, Counte of Richmond and of Derby. Born 1441: died 1509. The daughter of the first Duke of Somerset, wife succe ively of the Earl of Richmond, half brother of Henry VI., of Henry Stafford, son to the Duke of Bucking ham, and of Lord Stanley, Earl of Derby, and mother, by her first marriage, of Henry VII. She endowed Christ's and St. John's Colleges, Cambridge, and founded divinity profe orships at both Oxford and Cambridge. Beaugard (bo'gärd), Captain. The principal character in Otway's "Soldier's Fortune" and its sequel "The Atheist." Beaugard, Old. The wild, extravagant father of Captain Beaugard in "The Atheist." Beaugency (bo-zhon-se'). A town in the department of Loiret, France, situated on the Loire 16 miles southwest of Orléans. It suffered severely in the Huguenot wars. Population (1891), commune, 4,313. Beau harn a is (bō-är-nā'), Alexandre, Vicomte de. Born in Martin i que, May 28, 1760: guillotined at Paris, July 23, 1794. A French politician and general, husband of Joséphine (later empre ). He was a member of the Constituent A embly and general in the Army of the North, and was condemned by the revolutionary tribunal for trea son. Beau harn a is, Eugène de, Duke of Leuchten berg and Prince Eichstädt. Born at Paris, Sept. 1781: died at Munich, Feb. 1824. A French soldier and statesman, son of Alexandre de Beau harn a is and Joséphine, afterward empre of France. He served with Napoleon in Egypt in 1798; was appointed viceroy of Italy in 1805; married the Prince August a Amelia of Bavaria in 1806; was adopted by Napoleon, and made heir apparent to the crown of Italy in 1806; gained the battle of Raab 1809; commanded an army corps in the Ru ian campaign in 1812, taking charge of the broken forces after the departure of Napoleon and the flight of Murat; decided the victory of Lützen in 1813, and, when deprived of his viceroyalty by the campaigns of 1813 and 1814, retired to Bavaria, where he obtained, with the principality of Eichstadt, the title of Duke of Leuch ten berg. Beau harn a is, Eugénie Hortense de. Born 1783: died 1837. Daughter of Alexandre de Beau harn a is, wife (1802) of Louis Bonaparte, king of Holland, and mother of Napoleon III. Beau harn a is, François, Marquis de. Born at La Rochelle, Aug. 12, 1756: died at Paris. 1823. A French royalist politician, brother of Alexandre de Beau harn a is. Beau harn a is, Joséphine de. See Joséphine . Beaujeu, Anne de. See Anne de Beaujeu . Beaujeu (bo-zhe'). A town in the department of Rhône, France, situated on the Ardière 31 miles north-northwest of Lyons. Population (1891), commune, 3,290. Beaujeu, Hyacinthe Marie L. de. Born at Montreal, Canada, Aug. 9, 1711: died July 9, 1755. A French officer in America. He succeeded Contrecour as commander of Fort Duquesne in 1755, planned the ambuscade which resulted in the defeat of Braddock, July 9, 1755, and fell at the first fire of the British. Beaujolais (bō-zho-lā'). An ancient territory of France, in the government of Lyonnais, now comprised in the departments of Rhône and Loire. Its chief towns were Beaujeu and Villefranche. It was a barony and county, and was united to the crown by Francis I., and was later in the po e ion of the Orléans family. It is noted for its mines. Beaujoyeulx. See Baltazarini . Beaulea, or Beauleah. See Rampur Beauleah. Beaulieu (bo-le-e'). [F., 'beautiful place.'] A town in the department of Corrèze, France, situated on the Dordogne 20 miles south of Tulle. Population (1891), commune, 2.359. Beaulieu (bu'li). A village and abbey in Hampshire, England, 6 miles southwest of Southampton. Beaulieu (bo-le-é'), Jean Pierre, Baron de. Born at Namur, Oct. 26, 1725: died near Linz. Dec. 22, 1819. An Austrian general. He served in the Seven Years' War; commanded at Jemappes in 1792, and as commander-in-chief in Italy was defeated by Napoleon (1796) at Montenotte, Millesimo, Montes a no, Mondovi, and Lodi. He was succeeded by Warmser. Beaulieu-Marconnay (bo-le-é'mär-ko-nā), Karl Olivier, Baron von. Born at Minden, Sept. 5, 1811: died at Dresden, April 8, 1889. A German official and historical writer. Beauly (bū'li). A village and ruined priory in Inverne -shire, Scotland, 9 miles west of Inverne .