Mon mouth, Battle

of, June 28, 1778. On June 18 the British evac-. uated Philadelphia and started for New York. Washington determined to strike a sudden and crippling blow upon the British army. He set out along a parallel road, and by June 27 was in a position at Allen town, N. J., to command the British flank. The British then turned east. Washington’s purpose was now to crush the British left wing, which was moving in the rear. General Charles Lee was sent to accomplish this maneuver. He was treacherous, and instead of acting in the offensive, as ordered, he threw away his advantage, and with 6,000 men began a retreat without striking a blow. His men were nearly exhausted by the heat, and were falling into disorder when Washington suddenly appeared. Word had been sent him of Lee’s strange action. Severely rebuking Lee, Washington at once set about restoring order among the demoralized troops. Owing to his energy a disgraceful flight was changed into a drawn battle. The American lo was 362, that of the British. 416. Lee was court-martialed, and Clinton made good his escape to New York. Monocacy, Md. In this engagement of the Civil War, which took | place July 9, 1864, during the Confederate advance upon Washington, the Union General Wallace, commanding 8,000 men, was defeated by Early, who led nearly 19,000 Confederates. Wallace’s dispositions for battle were as follows: Tyler held the Baltimore pike on the right, Ricketts the Washington pike on the left, and Wallace the center. The Confederates first attacked Brown, who was holding the Monocacy | bridge. Then, forcing a pa age of the river, they charged upon Ricketts and,Tyler. These leaders defended themselves bravely, though nearly surrounded. The battle continued all day, and Wallace retreated in the evening. | Monroe, James (April 28, 1758—July 4, 1831), fifth President of the United States, was born in West more land County, Va. He entered William and Mary College, but left it in 1776 to enter the army. He was present at Trenton, Brandy wine, Mon mouth, etc., and in 1782 was already a member of the Virginia A embly. He was soon a member of the State Council, and a delegate to the Continental Congre . In the Ratifying Convention of 1788, he ardently upheld the Anti-Federalist side. As U. S. Senator 1790-1794, envoy to France 1794-1796, and Governor of Virginia 1799-1802, he was naturally a Republican and an exponent of Jefferson’s views. President Jefferson sent him in 1802 as additional envoy to France, where he helped Livings ton to negotiate the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. Thence he was sent as Minister to London, where he remained until 1807. He had just commenced another term as Governor in 1811, when he was appointed Secretary of State. This office he held until 1817, combining with it in 1814-1815 the War portfolio. As Republican candidate for President in 1816, Monroe received 183 electoral votes, and in 1820 he had almost no opposition; the eight years of his administrations are in fact embalmed in included J. Q. Adams in the State Department, Crawford Treasury, Calhoun War, and Wirt Attorney-General. The period is marked by the acquisition of Florida, Seminole War, Mi ouri Compromise, seaboard defense policy, the visit of Lafayette, and the Monroe Doctrine (which; see). There is a short life by President D. C. Gilman. 466