German i a Inferior

A province of the Roman Charles Frédéric. Born at Strasburg, Aug., Empire, left of the lower course of the Rhine, 1816: died at Strasburg, Aug. 19,1856. A French in the lower and middle basins of the Meuse. chemist, profe or in the Faculty of Sciences at German i a Superior. A province of the Roman Montpellier 1844-48. He wrote "Traité de Empire, left of the middle Rhine, including chimie organ i que" (1853-56), etc. Gerhardt (ger härt), Dagobert von: pseudo- Germanic Confederation. See German Con Alsace, etc. federation . B. C.: died near Antioch, Oct. 9, 19 A. D. A Roman general, son of Nero Claudius Drusus and nephew of the emperor Tiberius. He conducted three campaigns against the Germans 14-16, and in the latter year defeated Arm in i us in a great battle on the Campus I dist a vis us between Minden and Hameln. He was recalled through the jealousy of the emperor, re nitz, July 12, 1831. A German soldier and au- Germanic us (jer-man'i-kus), Cæsar. Born 15 nym Gerhard von Amyntor. Born at Liegthor. He served as major in the campaigns of 1864 and has published poems and numerous novels and tales. 1870, and from 1872 lived in retirement at Potsdam. He Gerhardt (gar härt), Paul (Paulus). Born at Gräfen hain i chen, near Wittenberg, Saxony, March 12 (7), 1607: died at Lübben, Pru ia, June 7, 1676. A German sacred poet. He studied at Wittenberg, and lived subsequently at Berlin as a tutor until 1651, when he went as a clergyman to Wittenwalde. In 1657 he was made deacon of the Nikolai church in Berlin, a position which he was compelled to renounce ceived a triumph at Rome in 17, and in 18 was appointed to the command of the eastern provinces. He is said to have been poisoned at the instance of the emperor. German Milton, The. A name sometimes in 1666 because he refused to comply with the command given to Klopstock. of the elector to refrain from teaching from the pulpit German Ocean. See North Sea. the dogmas of Luther an ism as against Calvin ism. In 1668, German Plato, The. A name sometimes given neverthele , he was called as archdeacon to Lübben, a to Jacobi. were published 1648. death. His first church hymns w post which he occupied from the spring of 1669 until his German-Roman Empire. See Holy Roman Em In 1667 appeared the first complete edition of 120 hymns. A historical and critical edition was published at Berlin, 1866. Géricault (zhā-rê-kō'), Jean Louis André Théodore. Born at Rouen, France, Sept. 26, 1791: died at Paris, Jan. 18, 1824. A French painter. His most noted work, "The Raft of the Medusa" (1819), is in the Louvre. He re sided for a time in London. Gerizim (ger'i-zim). In scriptural geography, a mountain of Samaria, Palestine, 2,848 feet high, situated opposite Mount Ebal 27 miles north of Jerusalem. See Ebal . Gerlach (gar'läch), Franz Dorotheus. Born at Wolfsbehringen, in Gotha, Germany, July 18, 1793: died at Basel, Switzerland, Oct. 31, 1876. A German philologist and historian, editor of Latin cla ics, etc. pire. Germans (jer'manz). [L. German i .] An important Teutonic race inhabiting central Europe: the inhabitants of Germany. At the beginning of the Christian era the Germans occupied central Europe eastward to the Vistula, southward to the Car path i ans and Danube, and westward to beyond the Rhine. Among their chief tribes were the Suevi, Lombards, Vandals, Heruli, Chatti, Quadi, Ubii, and Cherusci. After the epoch of migrations in the 3d and 4th centuries, many tribes, as the Franks, Burgundians, Lombards, and Vandals, settled permanently in other regions, and became merged in the new French, Italian, and Spanish nations. In the east the Germans were displaced by Slavs, although important parts of this region have since been Germanized. Since about the 12th century the Germans have called themselves die Deutschen . In medieval and modern times they have occupied a region which has had many political changes, but which has remained of substantially the same extent for centuries. The former Roman-German Empire contained various lands not inhabited by GerAt the present time the Germans form the great one fourth of the inhabitants Austria-Hun mans. Gerlach, Otto von. Born at Berlin, April 12, 1801: died at Berlin, Oct. 24, 1849. A German majority in the reconstituted German Empire; they num Protestant clergyman and theological writer. Gerlsdorfer Spitze (gerls'dorf-er spit'se). The highest summit of the Tatra group in the Car pathian Mountains. Height, 8,737 feet. Germain (jer-man'), George Sackville, first Viscount Sackville (Lord George Sackville 1720-70, Lord George Germain 1770-82). Born Jan. 26, 1716: died Aug. 26, 1785. An English soldier, third son of the first Duke of Dorset, created Viscount Sackville in 1782. He served (as colonel) in Flanders 1743-45; was first secretary to the lord lieutenant and secretary of war for Ireland 1751-56; was appointed major-general in 1755, and lieutenant-general in 1757; joined in the descent on the French coast in 1758; served as second in command under Marl borough in Hannover in the same year; and succeeded to the chief command on Marl borough's death. He fell into disgrace on account of blunders committed at the battle of Minden (Aug. 1, 1759), and was dismi ed from the army. German Confederation, G. Deutscher Bund (doit's her bönt). The confederation of German states constituted by the Congre of Vienna in 1815, replacing the ancient empire, each state remaining independent in internal affairs. Austria (which entered the confederation for her German dominions, Upper and Lower Austria, Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia, Salzburg, Tyrol, Vorarlberg, Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, Görz, and Triest) had the lead. ony, Hannover, Baden, He e-Ca el, Saxe-Weimar, Meck Other members were Pru ia, Bavaria, Würtemberg, Saxlenburg-Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Oldenburg, Brunswick, Na au, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Me in in gen, gary, chiefly in the western and northwestern parts; there are about 1,000,000 Germans in the Baltic provinces and elsewhere in Ru ia; and over two thirds of the Swi are German Southwest Africa. A German dependency situated between the Orange River and Angola, and between the Atlantic and long. 218-25° E. It covers 330,000 square miles, with about 150,000 inhabitants, of whom 1,000 are white. North of the Swakop River the country is called Hereroor Damara-land; south of it Great Namaland or Nam aqua land. The soil is arid, yielding only scant pasturage. In the Kunene valley (Ovampo-land) alone can land suitable for agriculture be found. The hopes of discovering rich mines have not yet been realized. The best harbor of the coast, Walfisch Bay, is British. Five German companies are still at work here the Colonization Society; the Settlement Company, which is trying to settle German and South African colonists; a private cattle-raising company, with imperial subsidy; and the West African Company and Southwest African Company, which are largely or of German race and language. wholly English. This colony began with the purchase, by F. A. S. Lüderitz, of some land around Angra Pequena. Over this Germany hoisted her flag in 1884, claiming at the same time all the coast between the Orange River and Cape Frio. Herero-land was annexed by treaty in 1885, was lost in 1888, and was regained by force in 1889. Portugal in 1886 and England in 1890 recognized the present boundaries. Henric Witboy, a civilized chief of the Nama Hottentots who had never submitted to the German authorities, was defeated in 1893. German town (jer'man-toun). A former borough of Pennsylvania, since 1854 a part of Philadelphia, situated 6 miles north-northwest of the der Washington were repulsed by the British, the lo of the Americans being about 1,000, that of the British over Saxe-Hild burg hausen, Saxe-Coburg, Saxe-Gotha, old state-house. Here, Oct. 4, 1777, the Americans un burg-Rudolstadt, Schwarzburg-Sonders hausen, the Hohenzollerns, Liechtenstein, Anhalt-De au, Anhalt-Köthen, Waldeck, Reu (elder line), Reu (younger line), Lippe, Schaumburg-Lippe, He e-Homburg, Lübeck, Frankfort, Bremen, and Hamburg. Several minor changes Diet met at Frankfort-on-the-Main. The King of the Netherlands entered the confederation for Luxemburg, and the King of Denmark for Holstein and Lauenburg. place the composition of the confederation. The Pru ian provinces of East and West Pru ia and Posen were not included. The confederation was di olved as one result of the war of 1866, and was replaced by the North German Confederation. German East Africa. See East Africa . 600. German us (jer-mā'nus), Saint, F. St. Germain l'Auxerrois. Born at Auxerre about 378: died at Ravenna, Italy, about 448. A French prelate, bishop of Auxerre. German us, Saint, of Paris. Born at Autun, France, about 496: died about 576. A French prelate, bishop of Paris. The Church of St. Germain-des-Prés (Paris) was named from him. Germany (jer'ma-ni). [ME. Germanie , OF. Ger manie , Sp. Germánia , Pg. It. German i a , from L. Germany German i a , Gr. Γερμανία , from L. German i , Gr. Γερμανοί, Germans. Another name appears in the obs. E. Almain , Almayne , from F. Allemagne , Sp. Alemánia , Pg. A leman i a , It. Alemagna , ML. Alamania , Alemannia , from Alemanni , Alamanni , the Alamanni (which see). A third name is the obs. E. Dutch land , ME. Duchelond , D. Duitsch land , G. Deutschland .] A country of central Europe. The country has been of widely different extent, and the name of different significance, at different times. The present Germany, or the German Empire (G. Deutsches Reich ), one of the great European powers, is bounded by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea on the north, Ru ia and Austria-Hungary on the east, Austria-Hungary (partly separated by the Sudetic Mountains, Riesengebirge, Erzgebirge, and Alps) and Switzerland (separated mainly by the Rhine and Lake of Con stance) on the south, and France (partly separated by the Vosges), Luxemburg (separated by the Moselle and Our), Belgium, and the Netherlands on the west. It extends from lat. 47° 16' to 55° 54′ N., and from long. 5°52' to 22° 53′ E. The northern part belongs to the great northern plain; the middle and southern parts are generally hilly and mountainous. The chief mountains are the Alps, Black Forest, Vosges, Swabian and Franc on i an Jura, Fichtelgebirge, Erzgebirge, Taunus, Thüringer wald, Harz, mountains of Westphalia and the Rhine, Riesengebirge, and Böhmerwald. The chief rivers are the Rhine (with the Moselle, Neckar, and Main), Ems, Weser, Elbe, Oder, Vistula, and Danube. The main products are grain, beet. root, hemp, flax, and wine. There are mines of iron, coal, salt, copper, zinc, lead, silver, etc., and important manufactures of cotton, woolen, linen, iron, steel, sugar, beer, etc. Germany contains 26 states: Pru ia, Bavaria, Würtemberg, Baden, Saxony, He e, MecklenburgSchwerin, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Oldenburg, Brunswick, Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Saxe-Mein ingen, Saxe-Altenburg, Waldeck, Lippe, Schaumburg Lippe, Reu (elder line), Reu (younger line), Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Schwarzburg-Sonders hausen, Hamburg, Bremen, Lübeck, and the "Reichsland"Als a ceL or raine. The government is a constitutional monarchy; the King of Pru ia is hereditary German emperor. The legislature consists of a Bundesrat of 58 members and a Reichstag of 397 members. The language of the great majority is German; other nationalities are Poles, Lithu anians, Wends, Czechs, Danes, French, and Walloons. The religion of a large majority is Protestant; about 35 per cent. are Roman Catholics. The foreign' dependencies are To go land, Kamerun, German Southwest Africa (protectorate), German East Africa (protectorate), Kaiser Wilhelm's Land (a protectorate in Papua), Bismarck Archi. pela go (protectorate), Solomon Islands, and Marshall Islands. The present empire replaced the North German Confederation, and is based on treaties between that body and the different South German states. William I., king of Pru ia, was proclaimed emperor at Versailles, Jan. 18, 1871. The empire was one result of the succe ful war with France in 1870-71. Recent events have been the "Kulturkampf," the rise of the Social Democrats, the union of the three emperors (of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ru ia), replaced by the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy), the acquisition since 1884 of foreign dependencies and "spheres of influence,' and the retirement of Bismarck in 1890. (See German i a, Holy Roman Empire , and German Confederation ; also Pru ia , Bavaria , and the different states.) Area, 208,738 square miles. Population (1890), 49,428,470. He [Tacitus] includes in Germany all the countries lying north of the Danube and west of the line of the Vistula, as far as the Arctic Regions: taking in Bohemia, Silesia, Poland, Pomerania, and a vast number of Slavonian districts besides, over an area about three times as large as that which is now allowed to the Teutonic stock.