Minor, about 412 B

c.: died at mous for his eccentricities. He emigrated to Athens in his youth, became the pupil of Antisthenes, and lived, according to Seneca, in a tub. While on a voyage from Athens to Ægin a, he was captured by pirates who exposed him for sale on the slave-market in Crete. When asked what busine he understood, he replied, "How to command men," and requested to be sold to some one in need of a master. He was purchased by Xeniades, a wealthy citizen of Corinth, who restored him to liberty, and in whose house he pa ed his old age. At Corinth he was, according to tradition, visited by Alexander the Great. Alexander inquired whether he could oblige him in any way. "Yes," replied Diogenes; "stand from between me and the sun. Diogenes, Antonius. The author of the romance "Dinias and Dercyllis" (which see). Diogenes Laertius (lā-er's hi-us). [The surname Λαέρτιος οι Λαερτιεύς is probably from his birthplace (?) Laerte in Cilicia.] Lived probably about 200 A. D. A historian and biographer, author of lives of the Greek philosophers in 10 books, from the early schools to the Epicureans. His work is chiefly valued as containing information preserved nowhere else. Diogenes of A poll on i a. Born at A poll on i a, Crete: lived in the 5th century B. C. A Greek natural philosopher, a Anaximenes. Diomed (di'ō-med). See Diomedes . Diomed. A chestnut thoroughbred horse, foaled in 1777, by Florizel, dam by Spectator, second dam by Blank, third dam by Childers. Florizel by Hero traces directly to Byerly Turk. Diomed won the first Derby in 1780, and died in 1807. He was the sire of Duroc, sire of American Eclipse, also the sire of Sir Archy, sire of Timoleon, sire of Boston, sire of Lexington. Diomed, Villa of. See Pompeii . Diomede Islands (dī'ō-mēd i'landz). A group of small islands in Bering Straït. Diomedes (di-ō-mēdēz). [Gr. Διομήδης.] 1. In Greek legend, a king of Argos, and one of the most famous of the Greek warriors at the siege of Troy. He was the son of Tydeus who fell in the expedition against Thebes. He went with Sthenelus and Euryalus to Troy as the commander of a fleet of 80 ships carrying warriors from Argos, Tiryns, Her minister zene, Eione, Epidaurus, Egina, and Mases. He was, next to Achilles, the bravest of the Greeks before Troy, and fought with the most dis. tinguished among the Trojans, including Hector and Æneas. 2. A legendary Thracian king, son of Ares. 3. In Shakspere's "Antony and Cleopatra," an attendant of Cleopatra.-4. In Shakspere's "Troilus and Cre ida," a Grecian commander. Dion (di'on). [Gr. Δίων.] Born at Syracuse, about 408 B. C.: a a inated at Syracuse, 354 or 353 в. С. A Syracusan philosopher, a disciple of Plato. He expelled Dionysius the Younger from Syracuse in 356, and became ruler of the city in 355. Dion. 1. A Sicilian noble in Shakspere's "Winter's Tale."-2. The father of Euphrasia in Beaumont and Fletcher's "Phil aster." Dion Ca ius (kash'i-us), surnamed Cocceianus (from some person named Cocceius or Cocceianus, perhaps his grandfather). Born at Nicæa, Bithynia, about 155 A. D.: died at Nicea, after 230. A celebrated historian of Rome. He was consul about 220 and 229, and wrote in Greek a history of Rome in 80 books. See the extract. The great work of Dion Ca ius was a history of Rome from the foundation of the city to the year A. D. 229. Besides this, a number of works, now lost or incorporated in his history, are attributed to him by Suidas and others. The history consisted of eighty books, of which Books XXXVII.-LX. have come down to us complete or nearly so, the remainder of the work being represented by fragments of different kinds. In the 10th century, when the whole work was in existence, excerpts were made from it by the order of Const an tine Porphyrogenitus, and in the 12th century Zonaras undertook an abridgment of the first 20 books, which, with those from the 36th book to the end, were then extant. The latter part of the work, from the 36th to the 80th book, had been abridged in the 11th century by a monk named Joannes Xiphilinus. There are detached fragments, more or le considerable, of the 35th and 36th books, referring to the campaign of Lucullus against Mithridates, and Pompey's war with the pirates. On the other hand, there are many gaps in the 37th, 55th, 56th, 57th, 58th, 59th, and 60th books. The work was continued down to the time of Const an tine the Great by some Christian writer, who is supposed to have been Joannes Anti oche nus. K. O. Müller , Hist. of the Lit. of Anc. Greece, III. 251. [( Donald son .) Dion Chrysostomus (kri-sos'tō-mus). [Gr. Χρυσόστομος .] Born at Prusa, Bithynia, about 50 A. D.: died at Rome about 117. A Greek rhetorician and philosopher. His 80 extant orations were edited by Reiske 1784. Dione (di-ō'nē). [Gr. Διώνη.] 1. In Greek my thology, a female Titan, daughter of Ocean us Tethys, and mother by Zeus of Aphrodite. -2. A pastoral tragedy by John Gay, published in 1720.-3. The fourth satellite of Saturn, dis covered by Ca ini, March, 1684. Dionysia (di-ō-niş'i-ä). [Gr. Διονύσια .] Ancient Greek festivals in honor of Dionysus. Of these, those of Athens were the most important, and are generally held to have been four in number: the Le er or Rural Dionysia, the Lenæa, the An the ste ria, and the Greater or City Dionysia. It now seems proved, however, that the Lenæa and the An the ste ria were, in historic times at least, identical, and merely interchangeable names for the festival which centered about the Lenæum, or sanctuary of Dionysus in the Marshes, whose shrine was opened on only one day in the year. The date of this festival was from the 11th to the 13th of A nth ester i on (about March 2-4). The Le er Dionysia were a wine feast of very early origin, held throughout the Attic demes between the 8th and 11th of Poseideon (about Dec. 19-22), accompanied by drinking, boisterous proce ions, dramatic performances, of which those at the Piræus had the chief reputation. The Greater Dionysia were celeElaphebolion (about March 28-April 2). On the first day there was a grand proce ion and a feast, besides a choral dance around the Altar of the Twelve Gods in the Agora; on the second day were held lyrical contests between choruses of boys and men; and on the last three days Dionysius (di-ō-nish'i-us), surnamed “The Elder." [Gr. Διονύσιος, from Διόνυσος, Diony Athens, probably from the 9th to the 13th dramatic contests in the Dionysiac theater. sus: the name become Denis (which see).] Born about 430 в. с.: died at Syracuse, 367. Tyrant of Syracuse. He contrived in 405 to have himself appointed sole general of the forces of the republic in the war against Carthage, whereupon he surrounded himself with a strong body-guard of mercenaries and usurped the government. He strengthened his position by marrying the daughter of the deceased party leader Her moc rates, and concluded peace with Carthage in 404. He declared war against Carthage in 397, and was besieged in 396 in Syracuse by the Cart hag in i ans, who were compelled by pestilence and a succe ful sally of the Syracusans to raise the siege after an investment of eleven months. He concluded an advantageous peace in 392. He captured Rhegium in 387, and Croton in 379, which gave him a commanding influence among the Italian Greeks. His power and influence are said to have exceeded those of any other Greek before Alexander the Great. He encouraged letters, invited Plato to his court, and himself gained the chief prize at the Lenæa with a play entitled "The Ransom of Hector." Dionysius, surnamed "The Younger." Born about 395 B. c.: died at Corinth (?) after 343. Tyrant of Syracuse, a relative of Dion, and son of Dionysius the Elder whom he succeeded in 367. He was expelled in 356, restored in 346, and finally expelled in 343. last part of the 2d century A. D.: died at AlexDionysius, Saint Bernat Alexandria in the andria, 265. A theologian, called "the Great," bishop of Alexandria about 247. He was converted by Origen. Only fragments of his works remain. Dionysius, Pg. Diniz. Born at Lisbon, Oct. 9, 1261: died at Santarem, Portugal, Jan. 7, 1325. King of Portugal 1279-1325. He founded the University of Coimbra. Dionysius Exiguus (eks-ig'u-us). [L., 'the Little.'] Born in Scythia: lived in the 6th century A. D. A monk and scholar of the Western Church who, in his "Cyclus paschal is," introduced the annunciation of the birth of Christ as the starting-point of modern chronology, thus establishing the Christian or Dionysian era. He placed the birth of Christ from three to six years too late. Dionysius of Halicarna us. Born at Hali Dipsodes, The carna us, Caria: died at Rome about 7 в. с. A Greek rhetorician and historian, author of a history of Rome (Archæologia).