FLANDERS

the land of the Flemings Belgian provinces of E. and W, Flanders, part of Zeeland (Holland) and of N. France; stretched along North Sea from Somme to Scheldt; famed in Middle Ages for powerful counts and sturdy burghers; center of woolen manufactures, hence intimately connected with England, which supplied wool; had many industrial towns— (e.g.,) Bruges and Ghent. Flanders was conquered by Julius Cesar, 51 B. ©.; came under Frankish kings, 9th cent.; Counts of Flanders subject to France for five centuries; William the Conqueror’s wife, Matilda, was Count of Flanders’s daughter; popular rising under Arteveldes, 14th cent.; Flanders pa ed to Burgundy, 1384; crushed under Austrian and Spanish rule, 1477-1794 (see Netherlands), not securing independence like United Provinces of north in 16th cent.; France secured part, 1659, 1679, and whole, 1794-1814; incorporated in Netherlands, 1815; since 1831 part of Belgium. (1871), American author; b. in St. Paul, Minn. Bachelor of Arts in 1895 of Harvard College. Author of Harvard Episodes, 1897; The Diary of a Freshman, 1902; Viva Mexico, 1908; Prejudices, 1911.