ANNE

(1665-1714), Queen of Great Britain and Ireland; second dau. of James II. by Anne Hyde; m. Prince George of Denmark (1683); succ., 1702. Her acce ion marked a violent reflux of Tory. feeling. A Tory ministry, headed by Go dolphin was established. Marl borough and his hectoring wife managed the Queen. Marl borough (now cr. Captain-General and Duke), a brilliant general, continued war begun by William III. Marl borough Go dolphin ministry lasted till 1710 (Sunder land a violent Whig, was introduced 1706), and was distinguished by victories of Blenheim, MRamillies, Oudenarde, Malplaquet, capture of Gibraltar; expulsion of French from Flanders and Germany; and Union with Scotland. Between 1708-10 the Tory ministry became a Whig one. Its attitude to war and Church made it unpopular. Harley (dismi ed 1708), kept Queen’s confidence through backdgor influence of Abigail Masham, who supplanted the termagant Duche of Marl borough in Anne’s favor. Impeachment of Sacheverell (1710) was followed by fall of Whigs and formation of Harley Cabinet. The Duche had to resign her key of office, and Marl borough was disgraced (1711). Harley (now Lord Treasurer and Earl of Oxford) concluded Peace of Utrecht (1713). Only one of A.’s many children survived infancy, and he d. at the age of eleven. The succe ion. question divided the Tory party. Oxford was dismi ed (July, 1714), and Bolingbroke became Prime Minister. His plans for a Jacobite Restoration, however, were defeated by Anne’s death and intervention of Whig lords; Elector of Hanover suc. as George I. Anne’s reign witne ed a great spiritual revival and much political and intellectual activity. Dull, obstinate, but homely and good-natured, A. was deeply religious and ‘entirely English’ at heart.