axiopistyt (aksiopisti)

[ axis1 (ak's is), n.; pl. axes (-sēz). [L., axle, axis, pole of the earth; poet., the heavens; also, a board or plank (see ashler ); = AS. eax, E. ax2, axle: see ax2, axle.] 1. The motionle , or relatively motionle , imaginary line about which a rotating body, such as the earth, turns: specifically called in this sense the axis of revolu tion or rotation (which see, below). On their own axis as the planets run, Yet make at once their circle round the sun. Pope, E ay on Man, iii. 313. 2. The axle of a wheel; the cylindrical portion of any mechanical piece intended to turn in bearings: as, the axis of a transit instrument. The weigh tines of the wheele doth settle it vpon his Axis . Fother by , Atheomastix, xi. § 1. ( N. E. D. ) 3. In an at.: (a) The second cervical vertebra: so called because the atlas turns upon it as about a pivot or axis, bearing the head with it. IMG:content-1487.png:[graphic][merged small][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][merged small][merged small][merged small] It is usually distinguished from the other vertebræ by having an odontoid or tooth-like proce , furnishing the pivot about which the last turns the called the too the der odontoidea). (b) The odontoid proce of the axis. (c) The entire vertebral column. (d) The central or axial nervous system of a vertebrate: as, the cerebrospinal axis. (e) The columella or modiolus of the cochlea. (f) A short thick artery which immediately divides into several branches: as, the celiac axis; the thyroid axis. (g) The axis-cylinder of a nerve. (h) Same as axon.-4. The central line of a solid of revolution; the central line of any symmetrical, or nearly symmetrical, body: as, the axis of a cylinder, of the eye, etc.-5. Any line with reference to which the physical properties of a body, especially its elasticity, are symmetrical.-6. In Trilobita, specifically, the tergum; the median convex portion of a thoracic somite, intervening between the pleura or flattened lateral portions of the thorax. See cut under Trilobita. -7. In conch., the imaginary line or space around which the whorls of a spiral shell turn. _ 8. In bot., the stem; the central part or longitudinal support on which organs or parts are arranged. The root has sometimes been called the descending axis. A. Gray. about which the atlas turns: hence called the toothed ver In many cases the floral axis is prolonged beyond one or more circles of floral organs, and the stem again a umes the ordinary leaf-bearing form. Science, III. 302. axis , above. - Harmonic axis. See harmonic . - Instan- taneous axis, the axis about which a body is rotating at any instant: an expre ion applicable when motion is considered in only two dimensions or when a point of the body is fixed; in other cases it would be an inaccurate abbreviation of the following: Instantaneous sliding axis, that line about which a body is rotating and along which it is simultaneously sliding at any instant. Every rigid body at every instant of its motion has such an in- stantaneous sliding axis. - Macrodiagonal axis, mag- netic axis. See the adjectives. - Neural axis, in an at . , the cerebrospinal axis; the axis or central trunk of the cerebrospinal system. - Neutral axis, in mech .: (a) Of a beam, the plane in which the tensile and compre ing forces terminate, and in which the stre is therefore no- thing. (b) Of a deflected bar, the line along which there is neither extension nor compre ion. - Optic axis, the axis of the eye (which see, above). - Orthogonal or principal metatatic axes, three axes in a body such that, if a cube there be a linear elongation along one of them and an equal linear compre ion along a second, no tangential stre will result round the third axis on planes normal to the first two. - Radical axis of two circles, the line axle-box (ak'sl-boks), n. tains the bearings for the spindle of an axle, or joining their points of intersection. This line is real even when the circles do not really intersect, the difference of axle-bar (ak'sl-bär), n. The bar of an axle- its distance from the two centers being proportional to the tree. difference of the areas of the two circles. Spiral axis, in arch ., the axis of a twisted column spirally drawn in order to trace the circumvolutions without. - Synclinal axis, in geol . See synclinal. - Tectonic axes, in crys- tal ., the lines along which the minute crystals are ar ranged in the formation of a complex crystalline growth. Thus, dendritic crystallizations of gold and copper often branch at angles of 60°, their directions being parallel to the sides of an octahedral face. - The principal axes of inertia of a body, those lines pa ing through its cen- ter of ma about which its moments of inertia are a maxi- mum and a minimum, together with the third line per- pendicular to these at their intersection. - The princi- pal axes of stre in a body, the directions of the three conjugate normal stre es. Thyroid axis, a short, thick branch from the subclavian artery, dividing almost im- mediately into the inferior thyroid, supra scapular, and transversal is coll i. -Transverse or major axis, in conic sections , the diameter which pa es through the foci. In the ellipse it is the longest diameter; in the hyperbola it is the shortest; and in the parabola it is, like all the other diameters, infinite in length. - Visual axis, in physiol., the straight line pa ing through the center of the pupil and the middle of the macula lutea. It does not coincide Also called visual line, or axis of See zone. with the optic axis. vision . Zone axis. [L. axis (Pliny); perhaps of 1. A kind of East Indian deer, Cervus axis , of which there are several varieties, perhaps species. The body is spotted through the optical center of the lens, and perpendicular to both its surfaces. - Axis of a magnet, the imaginary line which connects the north and south poles of the magnet.-Axis of a sphere, any straight line drawn through the center and terminated both ways by the sur- face of the sphere.-Axis of a spherical, concave, or convex mirror, a straight line which pa es through the geometrical and optical centers of the mirror. - Axis of a telescope, a straight line pa ing through the centers of all the gla es in the tube. -Axis of col lineation, in math ., a line which corresponds to itself in a projective transformation. - Axis of direct elasticity, a direction in a solid body such that a longitudinal strain in that di- rection produces a stre precisely opposed to the strain. -Axis of elasticity, a direction in a solid body with respect to which some kind of symmetry exists in the relation of strains and stre es. - Axis of homology, the cal with reference to an axis. with white. Also called axis - deer , spotted deer , and hog - deer .-2. [ cap .] [NL.] A genus of line upon which corresponding lines of two figures in a pendulum, a right line pa ing through the center about which it vibrates, and perpendicular to the plane such deer. Ham. Smith, 1827. axis-cylinder (ak's is-sil"in-der), n. In an at ., the central part of a nerve-fiber; the core of white nerve-ti ue in a nerve-fiber. It is the es- sential part of the nerve, and is the only part found at its origin and termination. In cro -section, a bundle of nerve-fibers appears like a bunch of lead pencils, the axis- cylinder corresponding to the lead. Also called band - axis and axis - band . axis-deer (ak's is-dēr), n. Same as axis2 , 1. axisymmetric (aksi-si-met'rik), a. Symmetri- axle (ak'sl), n . [Early mod. E. also axel , axell , axile , axel , axil (chiefly in comp. axel- tree, q. v.; not in AS., where only the primitive ax , eax occurs: see ax2 ) = Icel. öxull , m., = Sw. Dan. axel , axle; not found in this sense in the other languages, where its place is supplied axle-clip (ak'sl- klip), n. clevis or bow which unites some other part of a vehicle to the axle. Axle- clip tie, the cro - and secures the ends of the bow- clip (which see). axle-collar (ak'sl-kol"är), The collar IMG:content-1488.png:[ocr errors] IMG:content-1489.png:[blocks in formation] AS. eaxl , exel = OHG. ahsala , MHG. ahsel , G. achsel = Icel. öxl , f., = Sw. Dan. axel = Norw. oksl , aksl , axel , the shoulder, = L. ala (for * ax- la ), shoulder-joint, wing (see ala , aisle , and cf. axilla ); with formative -1, ax2 (L. axis , etc.), axle (the shoulder-joint being the axle or axis on which the arm turns): see ax2 .] 1. The pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which forms the axis of the wheel and revolves with it. the Properly, round the arm axle of the of axletree a carriage-, or axle-bar cart-, or which wagon-wheel is inserted is in the hub or nave, but the name is sometimes extended to the whole axletree. IMG:content-1490.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-1491.png:[blocks in formation] Axle stop-key, a plate upon the end of the axle of a rail- road-car, intended to prevent exce ive lateral motion and to take the wear. - Blind axle, an axle that does not com- municate power; a dead axle. - Collinge axle, in coach- arm by two nuts screwed right and left. Compound axle, an axle having two parts connected by a sleeve or some other locking arrangement. - Dead axle, one which does not impart motion; a blind axle: opposed to a live axle or driving -axle. - Dipping the axle, in coach-building, bending the end of the axle so that the wheel shall strike squarely upon the ground. - Driving-axle, in locomotive engines, the axle which receives the power from the steam-piston transmitted through the piston-rod and con- necting-rod. The rear end of the latter is connected either with cranks formed in this axle, or more generally with crank-pins upon the driving-wheels at its ends. - IMG:content-1492.png:[blocks in formation] axle-sleeve (ak'sl-slēv), n. round a railroad-car axle in order to hold up the ends should the axle be broken. axle-tooth (ak'sl-töth), n . [E. dial., also a le- , azzle- , a al - tooth , early mod. E. axel- , axill- tooth , axyltothe (= Dan. axel - tand ); * axel (Shetland yackle ) ( jaxl = Norw. jaksle , jakle = Sw. dial. jäkkel , jäksl = Dan. axel ), a jaw-tooth, grinder, + tooth .] A grind- er; a molar. [Prov. Eng.] axle-yoke (ak'sl-yōk), n. A plate beneath an axle through which the ends of the saddle-clip pa . It serves as a washer-plate for the nuts upon the ends of the saddle-clip. saddle-clip. axman, axeman (aks'man), (aks'man), n.; n.; p pl. axmen , axe- men (-men). 1. One who wields an ax; oné em- ployed in chopping; a woodman. ax-shaped (aks'shāpt), a. In bot ., shaped like an ax or a hatchet; dolabriform. ax-stone (aks's ton), n. A mineral found chiefly in New Zealand and the South Sea islands, and used by the natives for axes and other cutting instruments, whence the name. Also called IMG:content-1493.png:[blocks in formation] Thunder and earthquakes raging, and the rocks Tumbling from down their scyts like mighty blocks Rowl'd from huge mountains, such a noise they make, As though in sunder heav'ns huge axtree brake. axunge (ak's unj), n. [F. axunge , now axonge , axungia , grease, fat, wagon-grease, axis , axle, + ungere , grease: see unguent .] The in- ternal fat of the body, especially of pigs and geese; fat; lard. axungious (ak-sun'ji-us), a. [ axunge + -ious .] Lard-like; fat; greasy. Sir T. Browne. axvitcht, axwortt, n. Same as axfitch . ayl, ayel (a), adv . [ azz ), prop. a northern form ( ei , ey), the native form being ME. oo , o , earlier a , a (orig. * aw , with added adv. formative āwa , āwo ) = OS. ẽo , io , gio = OFries. ā- , ē- (in comp.), = OHG. io , èo , MHG. ie, je , G. je = Icel. ei, ey (as above) = Goth. aiw =Gr. ἀεί , Ionic aici , poet. or dial. αἰές, αἰέν, ἀές, αἰε, ἀἱ, ἀὲν, αἰή, αϊ, alι , αιν, ἄῖν, ἡἱ , orig. aifei , ever, always, prop. acc. (in Gr. locative) of a noun, AS. ā, āw (orig. * aw ), existence, law, marriage, = OS. eo , law, = OFries. ā , ē , ewe , ewa , law, = OHG. ēwa , MHG. ewe , e , eternity, law, marriage, = G. ehe , mar- riage, = Goth. aiws , an age, a long period, eter- nity, = L. ævum , OL. aevom (whence ult. E. age , eternal , q. v.); cf. Gr. αἰών, *αἰκών (with unorig. formative v ), an age, an eon (see eon); orig. appar. a going, a course, with formative -va , iter izing prefix (somewhat like the related suffix ever in whoever , whatever , etc.), and, fused with ge-, exists unrecognized in each, either. With the negative it exists in nay and nol , which are related to each other as the simple ay and (obs.) o. The spelling ay, like nay , is hist or- ically and analogically the proper one.] 1. Ever; always; for ever; continually; for an indefinite time. [Now only poetical and North. E. dial.] name of Eupatorium triplinerve , a Brazilian plant, natural order Compos it a , at one time be- lieved to be a panacea. It is still considered to have some valuable medicinal properties. ayaya, n. See aiaia . ayel (a), adv . See ay1 . aye2 (a), interj . See ay2 . aye3, ay3 (äi orī), adv . or interj . [Formerly also ai , ey, but at its first appearance, in the Eliza- be than period, invariably printed I (often as so- ciated in puns with the pronoun I). Earlier history unknown; po ibly oly orig. a dial. form of ay , ever, always, worn down to a mere parti- cle of a ent. Hardly, as commonly supposed, a corruption of yea . The spelling aye is pre- ferred, as making a distinction like that in eye from words in -ay, -ey with the reg. pron. a, as in bay , bey , gray , grey , etc.] 1. Yes; yea: a word expre ing a ent, or an affirmative answer to a question: opposed to no. It is common in dia- lectal and nautical language, and is the regular word used in voting "yes" in Congre , the House of Commons, and other legislative bodies. In Congre the official terms, as in the Constitution, are yea and nay ; but the more sonorous aye and no are preferred in making response. 2. Yes; yea; even so; truly: indicating as- sent to what has been said, aid, and introducing a further or stronger statement. Care for the Conscience, & kepe it ai clene. The ABC of Aristotle (E. E. T. S., extra ser., VIII. i. 65). also dial. ahay , haihay , prob. of imitative origin Let this pernicious hour Stand aye accursed in the calendar! Shak., Macbeth, iv. 1. Behold the man! and tell me, Britomart, If ay more goodly creature thou didst see? Spenser, F. Q., III. iii. 32. For ay, for ever: sometimes strengthened by combination -for ever and ay. The soul, though made in time, survives for ay; And though it hath beginning, sees no end. Sir J. Davies , Immortal. of Soul, xxix. ay2 (a), interj . [Also aye , eigh (and, in this use, eh ), ah , oh. In the poetical ay me , prob. in imitation of OF. aymi , Sp. ay de mí, It. ahime ; cf. F. ahi , aï , Sp. ay , It. ahi , ah: see ah , O , oh , and cf. eh .] Ah! O! oh! an exclamation expre ing surprise, interest, regret, etc., according to the manner of utter- ance. [North. Eng. and Scotch.] - Ay me! ah me! an expre ion of regret or sorrow. [Poetical.] axonometry (ak-sō-nom'e-tri), n. [Irreg. ayes . ἄξων, axis, + μέτρον , measure.] The art of ayt, n. See ey1 . making a perspective representation of figures Ay5 (ā), n. A sparkling wine taking its name from the town of Ay in the department of Marne, France. See champagne . ay6. [(1) æg , eg, æg, eg , etc.; (2) of other origin: see under ai .] A common English digraph (pron. a), formerly interchangeable in most instances with ai , but now the regular form when final, occurring medially only in certain positions. Historically it represents, (1) in words of Anglo-Saxon ori- gin, a ( a ) or e with an absorbed guttural, as in clay , day1 , lay1, may1, say 1, stay1, etc.; (2) in words of Scand in avian, Romanic, Latin, or other origin, various diphthongs, ai , ei, etc., as in ayl, nay, rayl, ray2, stay2, etc. In recent IMG:content-1494.png:[merged small][graphic] ayeint, adv . and prep . An old form of again . ayelt, n. See ayle . ayelp (a-yelp'), prep . phr. as adv . [ a3 + yelp .] On the yelp; yelping. Browning. ayenbite