It is more of a burlesque than a comedy, and is full of humour

It is founded on the well-worn fable of Jupiter and Alcmena, and has been imitated by Molière and Dryden. Its source is uncertain; but it is probably from Arc hippus, a writer of the old comedy (415 B. C.). Its form suggests rather a development of the Satyric drama. Cruttwell, Hist. of Roman Lit., p. 44. 2. A comedy by Molière, produced in 1668: a version of Plautus's play.-3. An opera by Sedaine, produced in 1781.-4. A comedy by Andrieux, produced in 1782. A mph i try on, or The Two Socias. A comedy by Dryden, performed in 1690: an altered version of Molière's play. part ment of Rhône, France, 29 miles northwest of Lyons. It has manufactures of cotton and muslin. Population (1891), commune, 7,113. Ampsivarii (amp-si-va'ri-i), or Amsivarii. [L. Ampsivarii (Tacitus); cf. L. Amisia , the Ems.] A German tribe described by Tacitus as originally neighbors, in the region of the Ems, of the Chauci who had driven them out. In the year 58 A. D. they appeared on the Rhine whence they were dislodged by the Romans, and were thought to have been annihilated. They reappeared, however, in the 4th century in incursions into Roman territory. They were ultimately merged in the Franks. Ampthill (ampt'hil). A small town in Bedford shire, England, 40 miles northwest of London. Ampthill, Baron. See Ru ell, Odo William . Ampudia (äm-pö'de-ä), Pedro de. A Mexican general, in command of the Mexican army on the Rio Grande at the beginning of the Mexican war, 1846. As commander at Monterey he surrendered to General Taylor Sept. 24, 1846. Ampurdan (äm-pör-dän'). A valley-plain in the province of Gerona, Spain, in the vicinity of Figueras. Amraoti (äm-rä-ō'tē), or Amrawati (äm-räwä'te). A district in East Berar, Haidarabad A igned Districts, India, intersected by lat. 21° N., long. 78° E. Area, 2,759 square miles. Population (1891), 655,645. Amraoti. A town in Amraoti district, lat. 20° 56′ N., long. 77° 44′ E. Population (1891), 33,655, Amraphel (äm'rä-fel). A king of Shinar (southern Babylonia) who, allied with Chedorlaomer, king of Elam, and two other kings, marched, in the time of Abraham, against the five kings of the Vale of Siddim (Gen. xiv.). He is identified by some with Hammurabi who reigned about 2200 B. C., by others with his father Sin-muballit, whose name is sometimes read Amarpal: all this is, however, very uncertain. Amri (am'ri). In the second part of Dryden and Tait's "Absalom and Achitophel," a character intended to represent Heneage Finch. Amrita (am-re'tä). [Sometimes Amreeta ; Skt. amrita , prop. adj., immortal, = Gr. άμβροτος, whence ult. E. ambrosia.] In Hindu mythology, a god (masc.); the water of life (neuter); ambrosia. In the latter sense the term is variously applied in the Vedas, but especially to the soma juice. In later legend it was the water of life produced at the churning of the ocean by the gods and demons. The Ramayana, the Mahabharata, and the Puranas give the story with variations. The gods, worsted by the demons, repaired to Vishnu, asking new strength and immortality. He bade them churn the ocean for the Amrita and other lost treasures. Collecting all plants and herbs, they cast them into the sea of milk, which they churned, using Mount Mandara as a churning-stick and the serpent Vasuki as a rope, while Vishnu himself was the pivot. From the sea came the sacred cow, Surabhi, Varuni, godde of wine, Parijata, the tree of paradise, the Apsarases, the moon, poison, Sri, the godde of beauty, and Dhanvantara, physician of the gods. Amrit (am'ret) A ruined town on the coast of Phœnicia, 30 miles north of Tripolis: the ancient Mar a thus. It contains important antiquities. The Burdj el-Bezzák is an ancient Phenic i an tomb built of huge blocks of stone. It is square, with a plain ma ive cornice, and terminated in a pyramid, now ruined. The original height was 52 feet. It contains two chambers, one over the other, with niches for corpses. Another tomb at Amrit is one of the most elaborate of surviving Phenic i an works. The base is square and on it rest three superposed circular drums, each smaller than that below. The top drum terminates in domical form, and the two upper drums have a cornice of combined dentils and serrations. A molding of concave curve connects the lowest and middle drums. On the corners of the base stand four rude lions, i uing from the lowest drum. The height is about 32 feet. house is a structure with walls for the most part hewn from the solid rock. It is isolated by the cutting away of the rock behind. The chief front is about 97 feet long The so-called "monolithic" and 20 high. The interior shows holes for wooden ceiling. beams. The Maabed is an old Phenic i an temple consist ing of a small cella, open on one side to exhibit the sacred image, and raised on a square base or die. The roof is a great slab hewn to the form of a flat arch on the under side, the whole forming a miniature and simplified Egyptian temple. The total height is 23 feet. The cella was originally surrounded by a colonnaded court. There are also ruins of a stadium with ten tiers of seats, on one side all rock-hewn, on the other partly built up of masonry. It now measures 99 by 411 feet, but has probably lost some of its length. Amritsar (am-rit'sär), or Umritsir (um-rit'sér). A division in the Panjab, British India. Area, 5,354 square miles. Population (1881), 2,729,109. Amritsar. A district in the division of Amritsar, intersected by lat. 31° 30′ N., long. 75° E. Area, 1,601 square miles. Population (1891), 992.697. Amritsar, or Umritsir (um-rit'sèr). The capital of the Amritsar district and division, in lat. 31° 40′ N., long. 74° 45′ E.: one of the most important commercial and manufacturing IMG:content-0064.png:[blocks in formation] Amru ben-el-A (äm'rö ben-el-äs'), or Amer. Died about 663 A. D. An Arab general and statesman. He conquered Syria during the reign of the calif Abu-Bekr, and Egypt 639-641, in that of Omar. By his statesmanlike reorganization of the conquered provinces, and by the excellence of his administration, he did much to reconcile the inhabitants to Islam. The story that, at the taking of Alexandria, he gave the order to destroy the celebrated Alexandrine library, is probably unhistorical. Amru-el-Kais (äm'rö-el-kis'). Lived at the beginning of the 7th century. An Arabian poet, hostile to Mohammed. His "Moallakât" was translated by Sir W. Jones, 1782. Amrum (ämʼröm), or Amrom (äm'rộm). One of the North Friesian Islands in the North Sea, west of Schleswig. Its length is 6 miles. Amsancti, or Ampsancti, Vallis (äm-sänk'tē väl'lēs). A valley in the province of Avellino, Italy, near Frigento, in lat. 41° N., long. 15°7′ E., noted for its sulphurous lake and cave. Amsdorf (äms'dorf), Nikolaus von. Born at Torgau, Germany, Dec. 3, 1483: died May 14, 1565. A German Protestant reformer. He was the intimate friend of Luther, whom he accompanied to Leipsic in 1519 and to Worms in 1521, and whom he aided in the translation of the Bible. He was instrumental in introducing the Reformation into Magdeburg in 1524, into Goslar in 1528, and elsewhere; was consecrated bishop of Naumburg by Luther in 1542, but was driven from his see in 1546 in the Smalkaldic war, and was a prominent opponent of Me lanch thon in the adiaphoristic controversy. Amsler (äms'ler), Samuel. Born at Schinznach, Aargau, Switzerland, Dec. 17, 1791: died at Munich, May 18, 1849. A German engraver. Among his noted works are the "Triumphal March of Alexander the Great" (after Thorwaldsen), the "Triumph Amsteg, or Amstäg (äm's tag). A village in the canton of Uri, Switzerland, situated on the St. Gotthard route 27 miles southeast of Lucerne. of Religion in the Arts" (after Over beck), etc. Amstel (äm's tel). A small river in the Netherlands, which flows through Amsterdam and empties into the Y. Am stell and (äm's tel-länt). Formerly, the name given to the region which lies near the Amstel. Amsterdam (am's ter-dam). [Orig. Amstelle damme, dam of the Amstel.] A city in the province of North Holland, Netherlands, built on marshy ground (traversed by canals connected by numerous bridges) at the junction of the Amstel and Y, in lat. 52° 22′ N., long. 4°5′ E.: the chief commercial city and the capital of the Netherlands, and one of the leading seaports of Europe. It has communication by the North Sea Canal and North Holland Canal with the North Sea. It is a market for colonial products, including sugar, coffee, spices, rice, tobacco, etc., has ship-building industries and important manufactures of sugar, sails, tobacco, beer, etc., and is especially famous for diamond-cutting and -polishing. It was founded at the beginning of the 13th century, became of great importance on the decline of Antwerp about 1585-95, and was the first commercial city of Europe in the 17th century. It was entered by the French in 1795, and belonged to the French Empire 1810-13. It contains various important buildings, museums, etc. Population (1894), 450,189. Amsterdam. A city in Montgomery County, New York, situated on the Mohawk 30 miles northwest of Albany. It has important manufactures of knit goods. Population (1890), 17,336. Amsterdam. A small uninhabited island in the Indian Ocean, in lat. 37° 51′ S., long. 77° 32′ E. Amsterdam, New. An old name for New York (city). Amstetten (äm's tet-ten). A small town in Lower Austria, situated on the Ips 28 miles east by south of Linz. Amucu (ä-mö-kö'), Lake. A small lake in British Guiana, about lat. 3° 40′ N., connected with the E equibo and, through the Branco, with the Amazon. According to Schomburgk this was the so-called Lake Parima connected with the myth of El Dorado. Amu Daria (ä-mö' där'yä), Ar. Jihun (jēʼhön), or Gihon. The principal river of Central Asia: the ancient Oxus. It rises as the Ak-Su in the eastern Pamir near the frontier of eastern Turkestan; flows generally west to near long. 66° E., separating in part of its course Bokhara from Afghanistan, flows then northwest, and empties by a delta into the southern part of the Sea of Aral. It is generally thought to have emptied into the Caspian Sea in ancient and even in medieval times. Among its tributaries are, among those on the right, the Wakash (or Surghab) and Kafir nag an; and on the left, the Pandja, Koksha, and Kunduz. At Tchardjui it is cro ed by the Trans cas pian Railway. Its length is about 1,400 miles, and it is navigable by ve els about 300 miles. Amun (ä'mön). [Egypt., 'the hidden or veiled one.'] An Egyptian deity. He is variously represented as a ram with large curving horns, as a being reus. It long retained its Achæan population. Accord- ing to a tradition the inhabitants of Amycle had been so often alarmed by false reports of the hostile approach of the Spartans that all mention of the subject was for bidden: hence when they did come no one dared to an- nounce the fact, and the town was captured. "Amyclæan silence" thus pa ed into a proverb. Amymone (am-i-mō'nē). [Gr. Αμυμώνη.] In Greek legend, a daughter of Danaus. chief; and was restored by the The alians, with whom he had taken refuge. Amyntas III. Died 336 в. с. King of Mace- donia 360-359, grandson of the preceding. He was an infant at the death of his father 360 B. C., and was excluded 359 B. C. from the throne by the regent, his uncle Philip, at whose court he was brought up, and whose daughter he married. He was executed by Alexander the Great for a conspiracy against the king's life. Amyntas, or The Impo ible Dowry. A pas- toral drama of the Italian type by Thomas Randolph, first printed in 1638. It has no con- nection in plot with Ta o's "Aminta." Amyntor, Gerhard von. Dagobert von Gerhardt, a German novelist. Amyot (ä-me-ō'), Jacques. Born at Melun, France, Oct. 30, 1513: died at Auxerre, France, Feb. 6, 1593. A French writer. He was tutor to Charles IX. and Henri of Anjou, grand almoner, bishop agenes and Chariclea" (1547), of the works of Diodorus of Auxerre, and commander in the Order of the Holy Ghost. He is known chiefly by his translations of "The Siculus (1554), of "Daphnis and Chloe" and Plutarch's "Lives" (1559), and of Plutarch's "Morals" (1572). Amyot, Joseph. See Amiot . Amyraut (a-me-rō'), or Amyrault (L. Amy- raldus), Moïse. Born Sept., 1596: died 1664. A French Protestant theologian, profe or at Saumur 1633-64. He was charged with Arm in i an ism, and although he was acquitted at the synods of Alençon (1637) and Char ent on (1644), the "Formula Consensus Helvetica" (1657) was directed chiefly against him. An or On. See Helio polis . Anabaptists (an-a-bap'tists). [From Gr. άνα- βαπτίζειν, rebaptize.] Those Christians who hold baptism in infancy to be invalid, and require adults who have received it to be bap- tized on joining their communion. The name is best known historically as applied to the followers of Thomas Münzer, a leader of the peasants' war in Germany, Anacletus II. Antipope in opposition to In- nocent II., 1130-38. Anaconda (an-a-kon'dä). A city in Deer lodge A nacre on (a-nak're-on). [Gr. Ἀνακρέων.] Born County, Montana. Population (1890), 3,975. in Teos about 563 B. c.: died about 478 в. с. А famous Greek lyric poet who sang chiefly the praises of love and wine. He was driven with his he went to the court of Poly crates in Samos, and later to townspeople, by Harpagus, from Teos to Abdera; thence Athens. "He was the courtier and laureate of tyrants. Hepwon his first fame with Poly crates, at whose death oars. Between Bacchus and Venus he spent his days in palaces; and died at the ripe age of eighty-five at Teos, choked, it is reported, by a grape-stone-a hoary-headed roué." Symonds, Studies of the Greek Poets, I. 318. A nacre on. An opera in two acts by Cheru- bin i, words by Mendouze, produced in Paris Oct. 4, 1803. Matthias and John Bockold, or John of Leyden, who com- mitted great exce es while attempting to establish a so- cialis tic kingdom of New Zion or Mount Zion at Münster in Westphalia, and were defeated in 1535, their leaders being killed and hung up in iron cages, which are still preserved in that city. The name has also been applied to bodies of very different character in other respects, A nacre on Moore. A nickname of Thomas probably always in an opprobrious sense, since believers Moore. A nacre on of the Guillotine. A nickname of Barère de Vieuzac. in the sole validity of adult baptism refuse to regard it as A nacre on of Persia. A surname given to Hafiz. rebaptism in the case of persons who had received the Anadarco, Anadarko. See Nadaaku . rite in infancy. It is now now most frequently used of the Men no nites. See Men no nites . Anabara (ä-nä-bä-rä'). A river in Siberia which flows into the Arctic Ocean west of the Lena. Anabasis (a-nab'a-sis). [Gr. ἀνάβασις , a going up, an expedition inland.] A celebrated account by Xenophon, in seven books, of the campaign of Cyrus the Younger against Artaxerxes II. of Persia, and the retreat of the 10,000 Greeks, 401-399 в. с., after the death of Cyrus at Cunaxa. The remaining and larger part of the work ought rather to be called catabasis , the march down to the sea. Soon treacherously seized five of the Greek generals. Greeks were now in terrible danger. That night Xeno- phon-who had not hitherto been either an officer or a private soldier, but simply an "unattached" volunteer, cil of war gave them heart, by his plain earnest eloquence, to take measures for the common safety. Next day, formed in a hollow square with the baggage in the center, they came into the country of the Carduchi, or Kurds, who, the site of the ancient Nineveh and the modern Mo ul, top of their mountain-pa es; then through Armenia and like modern Kurds, rolled down stones on them from the Georgia. At last one day in the fifth month - Feb., 400 B. C.-Xenophon, who was with the rear guard, heard a great shouting among the men who had reached the top of a hill in front. He thought they saw an enemy. He mounted his horse, and galloped forward with some shout: it was " The sea! the sea !" There, far off, was the silver gleam of the Euxine. After the long, intense strain of toil and danger, the men burst into tears: like true Greek children of the sea they knew now that they were in sight of home. Two days' march brought them to the coast at Trapezus, a Greek city, the modern Trebizond; there they sacrificed to the gods, especially to Zeus the Pre- server and Heracles the Guide. Jebb, Greek Lit., p. 110. Anabasis of Alexander the Great. An im- portant historical work by Arrian, in seven books, all of which, with the exception of a few pages, has survived. It begins with the acces- sion of Alexander, and describes his campaigns and victories. Anacaona (ä-nä-kä'ō-nä). [A Haitian name meaning 'golden flower.'] An Indian prince , sister of Behechio and wife of Caonabo, ca- ciques of Haiti when it was discovered by Co- lumbus (1492). After the capture and death of Caonabo she counseled submi ion to the Spaniards, and herself received Bartholomew Columbus with great hospitality (1498). She succeeded her brother Behechio as ruler of his tribe, and friendly relations with the whites continued until 1503: in that year she entertained Ovando and his An a it is (a-ni'tis), Anait (a-nīt'). A Syrian godde whose worship was introduced into Greek mythology. She was variously identified with Artemis, Aphrodite, Cybele, etc. In Egyptian mythology she appeared under the name Anta , Antha . Anak (a'nak). [Heb., 'long-necked,' i. e. 'giant.'] In the Old Testament, the progenitor of a tribe or race of giants, the Anakim (which see), or a collective name for this tribe itself. Anakim (an'a-kim). In the Old Testament, southern Palestine. the sons of Anak, a race of giants dwelling in People saw survivors of the ancient indigenous popula- anterior to the Can a a nites (Emim, Zomzommin, IMG:content-0065.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0066.png:[blocks in formation] administration was disturbed by the movements Anaximander (an-aks-i-man'der). [Gr. Ἀναξί- of Arnold of Brescia and his followers. An as tas i us I., surnamed Dicorus. Born at Dyrrachium about 430: died 518. Byzantine emperor 491-518. He was raised to the throne by an in- trigue with the empre Ariadne whom he married after the death of the emperor Zeno, her husband, without male i ue. As a Eutychian he opposed the orthodox who rose in arms under Vital i an us but were bought off by the faithle promise of a general council. An as tas i us II. (Artemius). Byzantine em- per or 713-716. He was deposed by the fleet which he had sent to the coast of Syria to destroy the naval stores of the Arabs, but which was repulsed, mutinied under its commander John, and proclaimed Theodosius III. em- per or. He was put to death in 721 (719?) by Leo III. for conspiring against the throne. An as tas i us. Died 753. Patriarch of Const an- tinople 703 (7281)-753. He was elected by the in- fluence of the emperor Leo Isaurus, and favored the Iconoclasts, for which he was excommunicated by Pope Gregory III. used in this sense) of things is a substance of indetermi- nate quality and limitle quantity ( απειρον ), “immortal and imperishable," out of which all things arise and to which all return. This substance, according to some ac- counts, he regarded as having a nature intermediate be- tween that of water and air. He was probably the author of the first philosophical treatise in Greek prose. Anaximenes (an-aks-im'e-nez). [Gr. Αναξιμέ- νης.] Born at Miletus: lived in the 6th century B. C. A Greek philosopher, the third of the Ionian school, a contemporary and friend of Thales and Anaximander, and usually reckoned as a disciple of the latter. He regarded air as the principle ( ἀρχή ) of things. Anaximenes. Born at Lampsacus: lived in the The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: The Century Cyclopedia of names is a hymn of praise to Parvati, wife of Siva, min- An as tas i us, surnamed Bibliothecarius (The 4th centurympanion Greater he toric i an, his to gled with mystical doctrine. Ananias (an-a-ni'as). [Gr. Ἀνανίας , Heb. Hana nidh.] A Jewish Christian of Jerusalem who with his wife Sapphira was struck dead for fraud and lying. Acts v. Ananias. A Jewish Christian of Damascus, a friend of Paul. IMG:content-0068.png:[blocks in formation] 62 Ananus. High priest of the Jews, son of the preceding. He held office for three months in A. D., and was removed by King Agrippa at the demand of the Pharisees because of his attempt to revive Sadducee- ism, and was put to death 67 A. D. by the Zealots. Anapa (ä-nä pä). A seaport and naval station in the Black Sea district, Caucasus, Ru ia, on the Black Sea in lat. 44° 55′ N., long. 37° 20′ E. Population (1889), 10,614. Anaphi (ä-nä'fē). An island of the Cyclades, Greece, lat. 36° 21′ N., long. 25° 48′ E., east of Sant or in: the ancient Anaphe. Length, 7 miles. An a qui to (ä-nä-kē tō). A plain about a mile from Quito, Ecuador, where the army of Gonzalo Pizarro defeated that of the viceroy Vasco Nuñez Vela aided by Ben alcazar, Jan. 18, 1546. Vela was killed, and Ben alcazar severely wounded. Anargha Raghava (a-när'ghä rä'gha-vä). A drama of the 13th or 14th century by Murari Misra, of which Raghava or Rama is the hero. Anarkali (än-är'kä-li). An important suburb of Lahore, British India. Añasco (än-yäs'kō), Pedro de. Born at Lima, 1550: died at Tucuman, April 12, 1605. A Peruvian Jesuit. He left several works on the language of the Indians among whom he had labored. Anasitch (ä-nä-sich'). A tribe of the Kusan stock of North American Indians. It formerly had a village on the south side of Coos Bay, Oregon. The survivors are on the Siletz reservation, Oregon. See Kusan . An astasia (an-as-ta's hi-ä), Saint. 1. A Christian martyr slain during the reign of Nero (54 68 A. D.). She is said to have been a pupil of St. Peter and St. Paul. Her martyrdom is commemorated on April 15. 2. A Christian martyr who perished in the persecution by Diocletian 303 (1) A. D. The date of her commemoration in the Latin Church is Dec. 25, in the Greek Dec. 22.-3. Died 597. A Greek saint who lived in Alexandria disguised as a monk for 28 years. An as tas i an Law. A law of the emperor Anas- tasius I. (506), directed against usurers. An as tas i us (an-as-ta's hi-us) I., Saint. [Gr. Ἀναστάσιος.] Bishop of Rome 398-402. He con- demned the writings of Origen, and excommunicated Ru- fin us, the antagonist of Jerome and advocate of Origen, although he is said to have acknowledged that he did not understand the controversy. An as tas i us II. Pope 496-498. He endeavored to put an end to the schism between the sees of Constant i. nople and Rome arising from the dispute concerning precedence, and wrote a letter of congratulation to Clovis, king of the Franks, on his conversion to Christianity. An as tas i us III. Pope 911-913. Died 886. Librarian of the rian, of Alexander Great: can and abbot of Sta. Maria Trans-Tiberim at Rome. He was as sent to Constantinople to arrange a marriage between the daughter of Louis II. and a son of Basil of Macedonia in 869, and while there a isted the papal amba ador in attendance at the eighth ecumenical council by his knowledge of Greek. His fame rests upon his numerous translations from the Greek and his sup- posed connection with the "Liber Pontifical is" (which see). An as tas i us Grün. See Auersperg . Anasuya (a-na-sö'yä). [Skt., 'charity.'] In Hindu mythology and drama: ( a ) The wife of the Rishi Atri, very pious and austere, and pos- se ed of miraculous powers. When Sita visited Atri and herself at their hermitage in the forest south of Chitrakuta, she gave Sita an ointment with which to keep herself beautiful forever. ( b ) A friend of Shakuntala. Anathoth (an'a-thoth). In biblical geography, a city of Benjamin in Palestine, the birthplace of Jeremiah. The traditional site is Kenyet el-'Enat, about 10 miles northwest of Jerusalem; but the true site is probably 'Anata, about 3 miles northeast of that city. Anatolia (an-a-to'li-ä). [Turk. Anadoli , NGr. Ανατολή, eastern land.] A large region of Asi- atic Turkey, nearly identical with Asia Minor. There was a theme (province) of Anatolia in the Byzan- tine empire situated in the interior of Asia Minor. Anatomy of Abuses, The. A work by Philip Stubbes, published in 1583 in two parts. It is a curious account of the social customs of the time. Anatomy of Melancholy, The. A famous work by Robert Burton (1577-1640), published 1621, under the pseudonym "Demo crit us in 1621, Junior," and frequently republished and abridged. The sixth edition is the last which contains changes by the author: it was published shortly after his death from an annotated copy. The work is the result and abounds in quotations from authors of all ages and of many years of humorous study of men and of books, countries. It is divided into three parts which treat (1) of the causes and symptoms of melancholy, (2) of its cure, and (3) of erotic and religious melancholy. Its literary history is rather curious. Eight editions of it appeared in half a century from the date of the first, and then, with other books of its time, it dropped out of notice except by the learned. Early in the present cen- tury it was revived and reprinted with certain modern- is a tions, and four or five editions succeeded each other at no long interval. The copies thus circulated seem to have satisfied the demand for many years, and have been followed without alteration in a finely-printed i ue of re- Saints bury , Hist. of Elizabeth an Lit., p. 429. cent date. Anaxagoras (an-aks-ag'ō-ras). [Gr. Ἀναξαγό- ρας .] Born at Clazomenæ, Ionia, about 500 B. C.: died at Lampsacus, Mysia, about 428 B. C. A Greek philosopher, for a long time res i- dent in Athens where he became the friend and teacher of Pericles, Thucydides, and Euripi des, and whence he was banished on a charge of impiety. He is reckoned as a disciple of Anaximander and is famous as the first of the old Greek natural philoso- phers to introduce intelligence or reason ( vous ) as a met- a physical principle in the explanation of the world. He regarded it not as creative but as regulative, as that which brought order out of the original chaos. Fragments of his writings have been preserved. Anaxarchus (an-aks-är'kus). [Gr. Ἀνάξαρχος .] A Greek philosopher of Abdera, a disciple of Demo crit us, who flourished about 350 B. C. He attended Alexander in his Asiatic campaigns, and is said maintaining that a king can do no wrong. to have consoled the king after the murder of Cleitus by Anaxarete (an-aks-ar'e-te). [Gr. Αναξαρέτη .] In Greek legend, a maiden of Cyprus whose lover Iphis in despair hung himself at her door. For her indifference Venus changed her into a stone statue. The story is also told with changed names. An axil a us (an-aks-i-la'us). [Gr. Αναξίλαος .] A Pythagorean philosopher and physician of the 1st century B. c., banished as a magician from Italy by August us 28 в. с. An axil a us, or Anaxilas (an-aks'i-las). Died the probable author of an extant treatise on rhetoric (' Ρητορικὴ πρὸς Ἀλέξανδρον ), the only existing work on the subject prior to Aristotle. Anaya (ä-nä'yä), Pedro Maria. Born at Huichapan, 1795: died at Mexico, March 21, 1854. A Mexican general. He joined the Spanish army as a cadet in 1811, followed the defection of Iturbide in 1821, and was a captain under Filisola in Nicaragua, 1823. In 1833 he became brigadier-general, Adhering to the federalist party, he was forced to leave the country. He invaded Tabasco in Nov., 1840, with federalist forces from Texas and Yucatan, but was defeated at Cometan, May 15, 1841, and filed to Yucatan. Under Herrera (1845) he was minister of war. He adhered to Santa Anna, and while the latter was resisting the advance of Scott, was acting president April 2 to May 20, 1847. He commanded the Mexican force of 800 men which defended the convent of Churubusco, and only sur rendered after his ammunition was exhausted (Aug. 20, 1847). In 1852 he was secretary of war under Arista, served three days in the administration of Ceballos, and on Santa Anna's restoration (1853) was made postmaster-general, a position which he held until his death. Ancachs (än-kächs'). A maritime department of Peru, north of Lima, corresponding to the colonial in ten den cia of Huaylas. Ancæus (an-sē'us). [Gr. Ἀγκαῖος .] In Greek cla ical legend: ( a ) A son of Poseidon. He was told by a seer that he would not live to enjoy the wine from a vineyard which he had planted. He, however, lived to have wine of his own growth and, in scorn of the prophet, raised a cup of it to his mouth. The seer replied, "There is many a slip between the cup and the lip," and at the same instant a tumult arose over a wild boar in the vineyard. Ancæus put down the cup, and was killed in an attempt to destroy the animal. ( b ) A son of the Arcadian Lycurgus, and one of the Argo nauts. He was killed in the Calydonian hunt. Ancelot (ons-lo'), Jacques Arsène François Polycarpe. Born at Havre, France, Feb. 9, 1794: died at Paris, Sept. 7, 1854. A French dramatist, elected a member of the Academy in 1841. He was the author of "Louis IX." (1819), "Le maire du palais" (1823), "Fiesque" (1824), "Olga" (1828), 44 Elizabeth d'Angleterre" (1829), "Marie de Brabant" (1825), "Epitres familières," etc. Ancelot, Mme. (Marguerite Louise Virginie Chardon). Born at Dijon, France, March 15, 1792: died at Paris, March 21, 1875. A French dramatist and novelist, wife of J. A. Ancelot. Her "Théâtre complet" (1848) contains twenty plays, of which "Marie ou trois époques" is her chief work. Among her novels the most popular were "Renée de Var- ville" (1853) and "La nièce du banquier" (1853). Ancenis (on-se-ne'). A town in the depart- ment of Loire-Inférieure, France, situated on the Loire 17 miles northeast of Nantes. Popu- lati on (1891), commune, 5,141. Anchieta (än-shy a'tä), or Anchietta, José de. Born in Teneriffe, Canary Islands, 1533: died at Beritigbá, Espirito Santo, June 9, 1597. A.Jes- uit mi ionary, called the "Apostle of Brazil." He became a Jesuit in 1551, and in 1558 was sent as a mis- sionary to Brazil, where he spent the remainder of his life in arduous labors and travels, often among savage tribes of Indians. From 1578 to 1585 he was provincial of his order in Brazil. Anchieta wrote an Indian grammar, and various letters on Brazil which have been published in modern times. Anchises (an-ki'sēz). [Gr. Αγχίσης .] In Greek legend, a prince of the royal house of Troy, son of Capys and father (by Aphrodite) of Æneas. Ancienne-Comédie, Rue de l'. See Rue de VAncienne-Comédie. Ancient Mariner, The. A poem by Cole ridge, published in the "Lyrical Ballads" in 1798 as his principal contribution to the book, Words worth writing most of the other poems. An cill on (on-sel-yên'), Charles. Born at Metz, July 28, 1659: died at Berlin, July 5, 1715. A French historian and littérateur, a Protestant refugee in Berlin: son of David An cill on. An as tas i us IV. (Conrad). Pope 1153-54. His 476 в. c. Tyrant of Rhegium about 494 в. с. An cill on, David. Born at Metz, March 17, 1617: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: The Century Cyclopedia of names IMG:content-0070.png:[blocks in formation] Anckarström (äng'kär-strém), Johan Jakob. Born May 11, 1762: executed at Stockholm, April IMG:content-0071.png:[blocks in formation] And a goy a (än-da-gō'yä), Pascual de. Born in the province of Alava about 1495: died at 27, 1792. A Swede who a a inated Gustavus III., March 16, 1792. He was first a court page, and then a soldier, leaving the army in 1783 with the rank of captain. In 1790 he was arrested and imprisoned for tor-general of the Indians, and about the same time made Manta, Peru, June 18, 1548. A Spanish soldier. He went with Pedrarias to Darien (1514), and was engaged in many explorations. In 1522 he was appointed inspec- an expedition southward into a province called Birú, be- first tidings of the Inca empire. In 1540 he went as gov- ern or to a province called New Castile, on the Pacific side of New Grenada, but became involved in a boundary quar- rel with Sebastian de Ben alcazar, was imprisoned, and lost his government. And a goy a wrote an account of his trav els, which is one of the most important historical author i- ties for that period. Andalucía, Nueva. See Nueva Andalucía . And alus i a (an-da-löʻzi-ä), Sp. Andalucía (än- dä-lö-the'ä). [The name is derived from that of the Vandals (= Vandal us i a ).] A captaincy- general in southern Spain, comprising the modern provinces Almeria, Jaen, Granada, Cordova, Malaga, Seville, Cadiz, and Huelva. It is traversed by the Sierra Nevada and other mountain- ranges, and belongs in large part to the basin of the Gua- dalquivir. From the fertility of its soil it has been called the "garden" and "granary" of Spain; it is also rich in minerals. It was a part of the Roman Bætic a, was over- run by the Vandals in the 5th century, and became the nu- cleus of the Moorish power and their last stronghold against the Christians. And a man Islands (an'da-man i'landz), or An- damans (an'da-manz). A group of islands belonging to Great Britain, and a penal colony since 1858, situated in the eastern part part of the Bay of Bengal in lat. 10° 30′-14° N., long. 93° E. It comprises the Great And a man group and the Lit tle And a man group. The chief islands are North, Middle, and South And a man, and Rutland. The natives number 3,000 to 5,000. Area, 1,760 square miles. Population (1881), of convicts, 11,738. And a ste. See Conestoga. Andechs (än'deks). A village in Upper Ba- varia, situated on the Ammersee southwest of Munich, noted for its castle, later a monastery and place of pilgrimage. Andeer (an'dar). A village near the southern end of the Via Mala, canton of Grisons, Switzer- land. Andelys (on-dlē'), Les. A town in the de- part ment of Eure, France, situated on the Seine 19 miles southeast of Rouen, consisting of Grand-Andelys and Petit-Andelys. It has manufactures of cloth, etc., and contains the Château Gaillard (which see), built by Richard the Lion-Hearted. Population (1891), commune, 6,040. Andenne (on-den'). A manufacturing town in the province of Namur, Belgium, situated on the Meuse 10 miles east of Namur. Popula- tion (1890), 7,075. Anderab (än-der-äb'), or Inderab (in-der-äb'). A town in Afghan Turkestan, situated on the river Anderab on the northern slope of the Hindu-Kush, 85 miles northeast of Kabul. Population, about 6,000. Anderida (an-der'i-dä). A Roman encampment in England, generally identified with Pevensey. In 491 it was destroyed by the South Saxons. An der matt (än'der-mät), or Ursern (ör's ern). [It. Orsera.] A village in the canton of Uri, Switzerland, 32 miles southeast of Lucerne, situated near the junction of the St. Gotthard route with the Furka Pa route (by the Ur- sern valley) and the Oberalp route. It is an im- portant tourist center. Population, about 700. Andernach (än'der-näch). A town in the Rhine Province, Pru ia, situated on the left bank of the Rhine 12 miles northwest of Co- blentz: the Roman Antunnacum, or Antoni- acum. It has a trade in millstones and tufa. Charles the Bald was defeated here in 876 by the son of Louis the German, and here Otto I. defeated the dukes of Franc on i a and Lorraine in 939. It pa ed to the archbishopric of Co- logne, and became an important commercial city. Popu- lati on (1890), 5,290, Andersen (än'der-sen), Hans Christian. Born at Odense, Denmark, April 2, 1805: died at Co- penhagen, Aug. 4, 1875. A Danish novelist and poet, best known as a writer of fairy tales and of travels. He went to Copenhagen a poor boy, was first an actor, and then by the generosity of friends was enabled his first important work, "Fodreise fra Holmens Kanal til Östpynten af Amager" (Foot Tour from the Holm Canal to the Eastern Point of Amager"). In 1829 appeared a collec- tion of poems, and the same year his first dramatic work, "Kjaerlighed paa Nikolai Taarn" ("Love on the Nikolai Tower"), a vaudeville, was performed. The novels "Im- Anderson (an'der-son). The capital of Madi- son County, Indiana, situated on the West Fork of White River 34 miles northeast of In- diana polis. Population (1890), 10,741. Anderson. The capital of Anderson County, South Carolina, 97 miles northwest of Columbia. Population (1890), 3,018. Anderson, Sir Edmund. Born at Flix borough or Brought on, Lincoln shire, 1530: died Aug. 1, 1605. An English jurist, lord chief justice of the Common Pleas 1582-1605. He was a bitter opponent of the Puritans. Anderson, James. Born at Her mist on, near Edinburgh, 1739: died Oct. 15, 1808. A Scot- tish economist and agricultural writer. "He is specially noticeable as having published in 1777 a pam- phlet called 'An Inquiry into the Nature of the Corn Laws, with a view to the Corn Bill proposed for Scotland,' which contains a complete statement of the theory of rent generally called after Ricardo." Leslie Stephen , in Dict. of Nat. Biog. Anderson, John. Born at Rose neath, Dum- bartons hire, Scotland, 1726: died Jan. 13, 1796. A Scottish physicist. Oriental languages and later (1760) of natural philosophy at Glasgow, and the founder of Anderson's University at Glasgow (now comprising also a medical school). Nov. 25, 1875, and played with succe in Great Britain and America until the early part of 1889, when she retired from the stage. Anderson, Rasmus Björn. Born at Albion, Wis., Jan. 12, 1846. A Scand in avian scholar, Anderson, Rufus. Born at North Yarmouth, Maine, Aug. 17, 1796: died at Boston, May 30, 1880. An American Congregational clergyman, secretary of the American Board of Commis- sioners for Foreign Mi ions 1832-66, and the author of several works on mi ions. Andersonville (an'der-son-vil). A village in Sumter County, Georgia, 62 miles southwest of Macon. During the Civil War it contained a Confederate administration was disturbed by the movements Anaximander (an-aks-i-man'der). [Gr. Ἀναξί- of Arnold of Brescia and his followers. An as tas i us I., surnamed Dicorus. Born at Dyrrachium about 430: died 518. Byzantine emperor 491-518. He was raised to the throne by an in- trigue with the empre Ariadne whom he married after the death of the emperor Zeno, her husband, without male i ue. As a Eutychian he opposed the orthodox who rose in arms under Vital i an us but were bought off by the faithle promise of a general council. An as tas i us II. (Artemius). Byzantine em- per or 713-716. He was deposed by the fleet which he had sent to the coast of Syria to destroy the naval stores Anakim salem bore their name, and they were confounded with the Titanic races buried under the sea.