Malvern Hill

a battle in the Civil War, the last of the ‘‘ Seven Days’ ’’ battles, July 1, 1862, by which McClellan completed his change of base to the James River. After the battle of Frayser’s Farm, Mc- Clellan had retreated with his 85,000 Federal troops to Malvern Hill, a ‘ strong position on an elevated plateau shaped like an amphitheater. His lines were securely posted behind fences, ditches and hedges, their batteries and infantry commanding the slope which the Confederates must ascend to attack them. Lee ordered an attack, which was meant to be made simultaneously by all parts of his line at a given signal, the “ Confederate yell.’? But his lieutenants were so separated that the signal could not be heard, and the attacks were therefore feeble and disorganized. D. H. Hill and Magruder bore the brunt of the fight. Time after time they charged the impregnable Federal position, but in vain. They were always driven back with fearful slaughter. The battle lasted until nightfall. During the night McClellan retired under cover of a violent storm. ' Mana as, Va., the field of two engagements during the Civil War.: July 21, 1861, Johnston and Beau regard, with 31,000 Confederates, de- | feated 28,000 Federals under McDowell. August 21, 1862, Hooker, Federal, with 40,000 troops, was defeated by Lee and Jackson, | ‘‘ Mandamus Councilors,” a name opprobriously applied by the | revolutionary party in Ma achusetts to those members of the council of: the province who, in August, 1774, accepted appointment by writ of mandamus at the hands of Governor Gage. By the charter of 1691: councilors had been elected by the House of Representatives. The Ma achusetts Charter Act of 1774, to punish Ma achusetts, gave Governor power to appoint them, Mandans, a small tribe of Indians, numbering about 500, now dwelling on a reservation in Dakota near Bismarck. They were first heard of about 1772. They then lived on the Mi ouri, about 1,500 miles | up from its mouth. They are of light complexion, hence many vain attempts to trace their descent from the supposed Welsh colony of Prince Madoc, Mangoaks, a tribe of Indians in North Carolina, into whose country Ralph Lane, commander of Raleigh's colony, in 1586 attempted an expedition, on information of a pearl fishery among them. Mangum, Willie P. (1792-1861), of North Carolina, was a Repre-: sentative from that State from 1823 to 1826, and Senator from 1831 to 1836 and from 1840 to 1853, serving as a Whig. In 1836 he received the electoral votes of South Carolina for the Presidency. 430