Anacharis

( Bot. ) The North American waterweed ( A. Can a dens is), a submerged herb, with elongated branching stem, which was introduced into Great Britain in 1847, where it spread rapidly, filling ditches, ponds, rivers, . In the U. S. it is also called ditch mo . Anaconda, in Montana , a city of Deer Lodge co., founded in 1884 in consequence of the establishment there of the Anaconda Mining Co.'s copper smelting works. These employ about 1,500 men. Pop . in 1890, 3,975; in 1897 (est.) 5,000. Ancor'tes, in Washington, a town of Skagit co., in an (1890) 1,131. Anæsthesia, -Continued from SEC. I. portion of 8 to 1. It produces its effects in from one to two minutes, while ether may require from three to ten. The discovery of anesthesia has conferred an unparallel led boon upon the human race. Lives have been saved and operations done, which, prior to their introduction, could not for one moment have been considered. The frequency of serious accidents from the use of chloroform has led to its being largely superseded in this country by ether. All anesthetics agents must be administered by a person skilled in their use, who will devote himself carefully and thoroughly to observation of the patient and the manner in which the anesthetic acts. Danger is indicated by breathing of a stertorous character, or by suspended, enfeebled, or irregular heart action, by a dusky discoloration of the skin, indicating deficient elimination of carbonic acid, or by profound pallor. Chloroform, particularly, should be administered with a judicious mixture of atmospheric air. The rapid administration of this drug, with the exclusion of air or oxygen, may lead to so profound a narcotic effect upon the sympathetic nerves as to immediately extinguish their vitality, causing paralysis of the heart. In the administration of chloroform, the head of the patient should be lowered, as this agent produces an anæmic condition of the brain. Arrested breathing, enfeebled pulse, profound pallor, should be indications for at once lowering the head of the patient and the practice of artificial respiration. The respiratory centers may be stimulated by grasping and making strong traction upon the tongue, when at once there will be a gasping inspiration which will fill the lungs. Vaporizing chloroform by pa ing through it a stream of oxygen, thus forming a mixture for inhalation, will do much toward eliminating its dangers. LOCAL.-Local A. has been long practiced. It may be accomplished by freezing the surface with ice or salt, or by throwing upon it a spray of ether or the chloride of ethyl, the rapid evaporation of which causes the surface to be frozen. Hypodermic injections of cocaine have been practiced, but are not free from danger.It has been recognized that pre ure exercises an influence in establishing A. This may be accomplished by hypodermic injections of liquids into the skin structure, whereby the sensitive nerve filaments are compre ed. Effective agents are cold water, salt solution, or, more efficient, a combination of narcotics. Schleich has recently accomplished local lo of sensation by the use of a mixture of morphine, cocaine and salt solution. Small quantities of these agents in solution, thrown under the skin in such a way as to make pre ure upon the nerve filaments, enable operations to be accomplished without the patient experiencing any pain during such procedure. This method of A. has the disadvantage that the patient is conscious of everything that is being done, and consequently suffers from more or le nervous shock. It affords a means, however, of doing various operations in cases in which employment of the more powerful anæsthetics would not be advisable.