BLOOD

n. Blusd. A.-S., bl6d, Gr., alza. Lat.. sanguis. Fr., sang. Ger., Blut. It., sangue. Sp., sangre. A liquid which, in man and all the higher animals. circulates constantly through the system, peng propelled into the arteries by the heart and received back y that organ through the veins. It carries nutrient material to all parts of the organism and excrementitious matter to the various organs by which it is to be eliminated, the latter having been taken up by it in its pa age through the ti ues and carried to the heart. Histologically considered, b. is a ti ue, with solid or semi-solid cellular elements and a liquid intercellular substance. In mammalian b. the cellular elements are red b.-corpuscles, white b.-corpuscles, and the more or le hypothetical so-called hæmat oblasts, or third corpuscular elements. B. is a thickish digulas of a crimson color in the arteries and varying from bluish-red to black in the veins, of a faint but characteristic odor (varying in different animals), of a feebly saline taste, of alkaline reaction, of a sp. gr. rang in from 1-052 to 1-057, and of a temperature of from 95° to 107° F, When drawn from the b.-ve els, it tends to form a semi-solid ma (clot, coagulum). It consists of a clear liquid (plasma) in which the corpuscular elements are suspended. For the composition of the b., see under PLASMA. [A, 440; J, 30, 31, 85, 36, 42, 44, 45; K.J—Arterial b. Lat., sanguis arteriosus. Fr., sang artériel (ou rouge). Ger., arterielles Blut. Syn.: red b. 1. The bright-red or scarlet b. normally contained in the left cavities of the heart, the systemic arteries, and the pulmonary veins, also in the umbilical vein of the foetus. It contains a relatŸÎ-ely large amount of oxygen and a small amount of carbon dioxide, and is of uniform composition. 2. The b. contained in the Blu'd’zitn, arteries, without regard to its quality. [J, 2.]—Black b. Fr., sang noir, See Venous b.—B’berry. The Rivina humilis. [B, 185.]—B.-boll, See HÆMATOMA.—B.-clot. See CLoT and Coaau- LuM.—B.-corp use les. See the major list—I8.-erystals. See HÆMaToInin.—B.-cyst. See Hamatoma and HÆMATOCELE.—I8.- dises. See BLOOD-CORPUSCLES.—B3.-flower. The genus Hæmanthus. [B, 19.]—B.-globules. See BLOOD-CORPUSCLES.—BB.-heat. See under Heat.—B.-iron. See FLEAM—B.-islands. Lat.. insulæ sanguinis, Fr.,tlots sanguins. Ger., Blutinseln, Pander*sche Inseln, Blutpunkte. Syn.: Pander’s islets. Collections of great enlarged hollow cells in which red b.-corpuscles are being developed; these cells also unite to form b.-ve els. The name was originally (1817) given by Pander to such collections, containing Caine b.-corpuscles, in the developing chick; it has since been applied to like collections in any situation (e. connective ti ue of the new-born rat). [A, 8; J, 30,35; K g., the Sect ae OUs See the as Bletter. See BLEEDER (Ist def.) —B’letting. list.—B,-murmurs. See under’ Murmr,--B.-partieles. See