Greenfinch

(Ornith.) A European bird of the fam. Fringillidæ, a species of Grosbeak, very common to Eng Green Gar'den, in Pennsylvania , a post-office of Beaver co. Green Grove, in Kentucky , a P. O. of Cumber land co. Green Grove, in Penna ., a P. O. of Lack a wanna co. Green'-hand, n. One who is raw and inexperienced; a green-horn; as, he is a green - hand at the work. Green Ha'ven, in New York, a P. O. of Dutche co. Green Heart, n. ( Bot .) See NECTANDRA. Green Hill, in Georgia , a post-office of Stewart co. Green Hill, in Mi ouri , a village of Montgomery co. Green Hill, in North Carolina, a P. O. of Rutherford sword-fish, porpoises, halibut, turbot, cod, haddock, with various other sorts of white fish. Inhab . The Green- landers, or Esquimaux, of both sexes are frequently short, but often of full stature, and well proportioned, fat, and plump. They seem allied to the Mongolian race, and are often impoverished, depending on hunting and fishing for their subsistence. In their houses and man- ner of living they have the general habits of savages. In the S. they grow a little corn, some potatoes and kitchen herbs. Pop . , including Danes (1897) 9,750. Lat. between 59° 49′ and 78° N.; Lon. between 20° and 75° W.-G. was first discovered by a Norwegian, between the 8th and 9th century. A colony was established, which continued to increase and thrive; and in a short time the country contained 12 parishes, 190 villages, 1 bishop's see, and 2 convents, under the jurisdiction of the archbishop of Drontheim. A colony had also been settled in Western G., which maintained a regular inter- course with Europe, and increased to four parishes con- taining 100 villages. The first-named colony was called the "Eastern," though both are now known to have been on the west coast. During the fifteenth century these colonies were depopulated by a plague called the "black death," together with the hostile attacks of the natives and a visit from a marauding fleet, said to have been British. Davis re-discovered the country in 1587 and the Danes re-established communication with the lost colonies. The commerce of G. is principally carried on with Denmark, to which it belongs, and con- sists mostly of seal and whale oils, kryolite, and eider- down. The recent explorations in G. of Nordenskjöld, Greely, Nansen, Peary, and others prove that the whole interior of G. is an icy desert, with no open water, and with elevations reaching 7,000 feet above the sea. See ARCTIC EXPLORATIONS; NANSEN; PEARY, . Green'land, in West Virginia , a P. O. of Grant co. Green'landite, n. ( Min .) A black, brittle mineral, containing the columbate and tantalate of iron and manganese. Sp . gr . 54-65. Green Lead Ore, n. ( Min .) Same as PYROMOR- PHITE (q. v.). Green'-house, n. ( Hort .) A building appropriated to the cultivation of such exotic plants as do not require much artificial heat, but cannot endure the open air, at least in the colder part of the year. As a green-house does not require artificial heat during summer, the roof is sometimes made capable of being then removed; more generally, many of the plants are carried out into the open garden. Air is freely admitted into the G.-H. in fine weather, even in winter, during the warmest part -a. Of a green color. Green leaf, in Minnesota, a post-township of Meeker Greenly, adv . With a green or greenish color; newly; freshly; immaturely. of the day, care being taken that the plants are not ex- Green Mount, in Pennsylvania, a P. O. of Adams co. posed to frost, nor to ungenial and chilling winds. G.-H. Green'mount, in Virginia , a P. O. of Rocking ham co. are sometimes appropriated chiefly to particular genera Green Mountain, in Pennsylvania , a spur of the of plants, under such names as Heathery, Camellia-house, . According to the present use of the term, a G.-H. differs from a conservatory only in the plants being in pots, which are very generally placed on the shelves of stages , having a slope not very different from that of the roof. Green'ing, n. A sort of green apple. Green Iron Ore, n. ( Min ) Same as DUFRENITE, q. v. Green'ish, a. Somewhat green; having a tinge or tint Green Island, an island of Jamaica, W. Indies, abt. 8 m. S.W. of Lucea. Green Island, in Alaska , a small island in Prince William Sound. Green Island, in low a , a post-office of Jackson co. Green Kay. See CAYO VERDE. Green Lake, in Wisconsin, a lake in Green Lake co. It covers an area of 16 sq. m. -A central county; area , about 360 sq. m. Rivers. Fox, Grand, and White rivers, besides Green and Pecawa lakes. Surface, undulating; soil , very fertile. Cap. Dartford. Pop . (1895) 15,939. sculptor. He afterward visited Paris, and then settled at Florence. He executed, under a government com- mi ion, a colo al statue of Washington, and a large group entitled The Rescue. He also made many portrait- busts, among them one of Lafayette, and numerous monuments. Died in 1852. Green'ovite, n. ( Min .) A variety of Titanite ( q . v.), of a red or rose-red color from the presence of manganese. Green Park, in Pennsylvania , a P. O. of Perry co. Green'plain, in Virginia , a P. O. of Greeneville co. Green Point, in New York , a former post-village of Kings co., on Long Island, just N. of Williams burgh; now the 17th Ward of Brooklyn and part of Greater New York. Green Pond, in South Carolina , a post-village of Col- let on co. -A post-village of Henry co., about 70 m. N.W. of Peoria. Green River, in Kentucky , rises in Lincoln co., and flowing a general S.W., W., and N. course through Casey, Adair, Greene, Hart, Edmondson, Butler, Ohio, Muhlenburg, McLean, and Webster cos., enters the Ohio river in Henderson co. Length , about 300 m. It pa es the Mammouth Cave in Edmondson co., and receives the Big Barren river in Butler co. At Tebb's Bend, on this river, a smart action of several hours took place, July 4, 1863, between a body of Confederate raid. ers under Morgan, the famous cavalry leader, and about 200 Michigan troops under Col. Moore, in which the former were repulsed with a lo of more than 200 killed and wounded. Moore, being intrenched, lost only 6 killrd and 23 wounded. Blue Mountains in the S. part of Schuylkill co. Green Mountains, a considerable mountain range commencing in Hartford co., Connecticut, and extending N. through Ma achusetts and Vermont into Lower Can- ada. Length , abt. 240 m. Their greatest elevation is in Vermont, where Mount Mans field, or North Peak, rises to -A post-office of Windham co. Green River, in New York , a P. O. of Columbia co. Green River, in Vermont and Ma achusetts, rises in Windham co., of the former State, and flowing S. into Franklin co., Ma achusetts, enters the Deer field river about the center of the co. a height of 4,389 ft. Connell's Peak, Shrews bury Moun-Green River, in Wyoming , a post-village, cap. of tain, Mans field, South Peak, Killing ton Peak, and some Sweetwater co. others, reach abt. 4,000 ft. The G. M. are the northern portion of the Appal a chi an chain, but they neither pos- se in so marked a degree the features of uniformity of elevation and parallelism of its ridges that characterizes the same chain further S., nor have they the abruptne and precipitous outlines of the granite summits of the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Its geological formation are the metamorphic slates, gnei , quartz rock, limestone, ., of the Lauren tian epoch, the gen- eral range of which is abt. N. 15° E., with a prevailing dip of 30° to 55°. These give a smooth outline to the surface of the hills; and though the soil they produce is not generally fertile, the slopes are covered on the disappearance of the snow in spring with fine pas- tures of rich green gra , which may have given to the mountains their name, though this is commonly re- ferred to the growth of evergreen forest-trees, as the hemlock, balsam, fir, spruce, pine, cedar, ., which abound upon the poorest land and along the margin of the streams. Green'ne , n. Quality of being green; viridity: verdancy; as, the greenne of a meadow. - Immaturity; unripene ; as, the greenne of fruit. "This prince's errors were excused by the greenne of his youth." - (Sidney.)-Freshne ; vigor; newne . "The picture of a man in the greenne and vivacity of his youth. South . Green Oak, in Indiana , a post-office of Fulton co. Green Oak, in Michigan , a post-township of Living- IMG:content-0445.png:[blocks in formation] Green'ockite, n. ( Min .) Sulphuret of cadmium. Crystals hexagonal. Color various shades of yellow. Nearly transparent. Sp.gr. 4.8. Comp . Sulphur 22-3, cadmium 77.7. Occurs at Bishop town, Scotland, and the Ueberoth zinc-mino near Friedensville, Pa. Greenore', a promontory of Ireland, in the co. of Wex- ford, at the entrance of Wexford harbor. Greenore, a promontory and light-house of Ireland. on the coast of co. Louth, abt. 2 m. S.E. of Carling ford. Green'ough, HORATIO, an American sculptor, was a native of Boston, U. S. He was born in 1863, and after completing his education, went to study sculpture at Rome, where his first commi ion was from Feni more Cooper, for whom he executed his Chanting Cherubs , the first original group from the chisel of an American Green's and, n. (Geol.) The name given to certain deposits, generally of the cretaceous period, and deriving its name from the presence of green particles of silicate of iron. They contain also soda, potash, and small quantities of phosphate of lime. It is commonly called marl, and is used extensively as a fertilizer. Greens borough, in Alabama , a post-village, cap. of Hale co., on Southern R.R., 50 m. W.N.W. of Selma. Seat of Southern University (Methodist). Pop . (1897) about 1,800. Greens borough, in Arkansas , a post-office of Craig- head co. Greens borough, in Georgia , a city, cap. of Greene co., on Ga. R.R., 84 m. W. of August a. Pop . (1897) 1,436. Greens borough, in Indiana, a post-village and township of Henry co., on Blue river, about 36 m. E. by N. of Indianapolis. Greens borough, in Maryland , a post-village of Caroline co., about 60 m. E. of Anna polis. Pop . 902. Greens borough, in Mi i ippi , a village of Webster Greens borough, in Pennsylvania , a post-borough of Greene co., on the Monongahela river, about 20 m. S.FE. of Waynesburg. Pop . (1897) about 500. Green borough, in Vermont , a post-township of Orleans co. Pop . (1890) 918. Greens burg, in Indiana , a city, cap. of Decatur co., on C., C., C. & St. L. R.R., 47 m. S.E. of Indianapolis. Pop . (1897) about 4,000. Greens burg, in Kentucky , a post village, cap. of Greene co., on Green river, about 85 m. S.S.W. of Frank- fort. Pop . 552. Greens burg, in Louisiana , a post-village, cap. of St. Helena parish, near Tickfaw river, about 40 m. N.E. of Baton Rouge. Greens burg, in Mi ouri , a post-village and township of Knox co., about 10 m. N. of Edina. Greens burg, in New Jersey , a former name of WIL BURTHA, a post-office of Mercer co. Greens burg, in Ohio , a township of Putnam co. -A village of Summit co. -A post-village of Trumbull co., about 185 m. N.E of Columbus. Greens burg, in Pennsylvania , a post-borough, cap. of West more land co., on Penna. R.R., 31 m. E. of Pittsburg. In a coal-mining, coke, and natural gas region; bas important local manufactures and a good general trade. Pop . (1897) about 5,000, Greens'burg, in W. Virginia , a village of Berkeley co. Greens burg Cro Roads, in Ohio , a village of Sandusky co. Green's hank, n. (Zool.) See TOTANUS. Green-sickne , n. ( Path . ) See CHLOROSIS. Green'-stall, n. A green-grocer's stall for the retail- ing of fresh vegetables, fruit, . Green'-stone, n. (Min.) A variety of trap-rock, composed of feldspar and hornblende, and having gen- erally a greenish color, hence its name. It has a more or le compact structure-the component crystals in one specimen being scarcely discernible with a pocket lens, while in another they form a course aggregated, and specimens exhibiting all the intermediate stages may be found. In the finest they are not so small and compact as in basalt. Its crystalline structure separates greenstone equally from the earthy tufas and the gla y pitchstones. It may become porphyritic from a portion of the feldspar forming into larger distinct crystals. In weathering, the disintegrating greenstone a umes a dark-brown color, and exfoliates round limited centers, giving the rock an appearance as if it were composed of a number of large boulders. Green's Farms, in Connecticut , a village of Fairfield co., about 54 m. N.E. of New York. Green's Fork, in Indiana , a township of Randolph co. -A post-office of Wayne co. Green's Land'ing, in Maine , a P. O. of Hancock co. Greens'pond, an island and village of Newfoundland, Greens'port, in Alabama , a post-village of St. Clair co., on the Coosa river, about 120 m. N. of Montgomery. Green Spring, in Del . , a post-town of New Castle co. Green Spring, in Ohio , a post-village of Seneca co. Green Spring, in West Virginia, a post-office of Hampshire co. Green Spring Furnace, in Maryland , a post-office of Washington co. Green Tree, in New Jersey , a village of Burlington co., about 12 m. E. of Camden. Green Tree, in Pennsylvania , a P. O. of Allegheny co. Green'up, in Illinois , a post-office and township of Cumber land co., on Embarras river, about 110 m. E.S.E. of Springfield. Pop . of village (1897) 858. Green'up, in Kentucky , an extreme N.E. co., bordering on Ohio; area , about 352 sq. m. Rivers. Ohio and Little Sandy rivers, and Tygart's creek. Surface , broken; soil, fertile. Min . Iron and coal in abundance. Cap . Green up. Pop . (1890) 11,911 . -A post-village, capital of the above co., on the Ohio river, about 131 m. E.N.E. of Frankfort. Pop . (1897) abt. 700. Green'vale, in Illinois , a post-village of Jo Davie co., about 22 m. N.W. of Free port. Green vale, in Iowa , a post-office of Dallas co. Green vale, in New York , a village of Queens co. Green Village, in New Jersey, a P. O. of Morris co. Green Village, in Pennsylvania, a post-village of Franklin co., about 40 m. S.W. of Harris burg. Green'ville, in Alabama , a city, capital of Butler co., on L. & N. R.R., 44 m. S.W. of Montgomery. Seat of several educational institutions. Pop . (1897) abt. 3,000. Greenville, in Arkansas , a township of Clarke co. -A post-office of Bradley co. Greenville, in California , a post-office of Plumas co. Greenville, in Connecticut , a post-village of New Lon- don co., on the Quinnebaug river, about 2 m. N.E. of Norwich Landing. Pop . (1897) about 1,500. Greenville, in Georgia , a post-village, capital of Mer- riwether co., about 108 m. W. of Milledgeville. The vicinity is noted for its medical springs. Greenville, in North Carolina, a post-village, cap. of Pitt county, on Tar river, about 100 m. E. by S. of Raleigh. Pop . (1890) 1,937. Greenville, in New Jersey, a former post-village of Hudson county. Now part of Jersey City. -A village of Su ex co., about 7 m. S. W. of Newton. Greenville, in New York , a post-town of Greene county, about 24 miles S. S. W. of Albany. Pop . (1890) 1,951. IMG:content-0446.png:[blocks in formation] Greenville, in Pennsylvania , a village of Clarion co., -A village of Bradford co. about 8 m. S. E. of Clarion. -A township of Crawford co. -A township of Juniata co. -A village of Indiana co. See PENN RUN. -A post-borough of Mercer co., on Shenango creek, about -A township of Perry co. 25 m. S. W. of Meadville. It was formerly called West Greenwood, in S. Carolina, a post-village of Abbe- Greenville. Pop . (1897) about 4,000. ville co., about 85 m. W. by N. of Columbia. Pop . (1897) about 1,490. Green wood, in South Dakota , a village of Charles Mix co. Greenwood, in Tenne ee , a post-office of Wilson co. Greenwood, in West Virginia , a post-office of Dodd- -A village of Montgomery co. -A township of Somerset co. Greenville, in Rhode Island , a post-village of Provi- dence co., about 12 m N. W. of Providence. Greenville, in S. Carolina , a N. W. co., bordering on N. Carolina; area , about 716 sq. m. Rivers. Ennoree, ridge co. Tiger, Saluda, and Reedy rivers. Surface, diversified, the Blue Ridge extending along the N. W. border; soil , fertile. Cap . Greenville. Pop . (1890) 44,310. Greenville, in Tezas , a post-town, cap. of Hunt co., about 250 m. N. N. E. of Austin. Pop . (1890) 4,330. -A village of Polk co., about 15 m. N. of Livings ton. Greenville, in Virginia , a S. E. co., bordering on N. Carolina: area , about 325 sq. m. Rivers. Not to way and Meherrin rivers. Surface , level; soil , moderately fertile. Cap . Emporia. Pop . (1890) 8,230. -A post-village of August a co., on the South river, about 120 m. W. N. W. of Richmond. Greenville, in Wisconsin , a post-township of Outaga- mie county. Green Vit'riol, n. ( Min .) Same as MELANTERITE (q. v.) (Chem.) Copperas, or sulphate of iron. See IRON. Green'-weed, n. Same as GREEN-BROOM. Green wich ( gren'idge ), a borough of the city of Lon- don, England, on the right bank of the Thames, 6 m. S. E. of London bridge. G. contains a maguificent hos- pital for invalid seamen, founded in 1696, and built under the superintendence of Sir Chris. Wren. The Royal Observatory, erected by Charles II., is under the charge of the Astronomer Royal, a position that has been filled by Flamsted, Halley, Bradley, Bli , Mas- kelyne, Pond, Airy, etc. The longitude of all English charts and maps is reckoned from this observatory, and the captains of ships take their time, as given at 1 P. M. It is also from G. that the longitudes in this work have been calculated. Pop . (1895) 87,750. Green'wich, a seaport town on the N. coast of Prince Edward Island, British N. America; Lat. 46° 28′ N., Lon. 62° 47' W. Green wich, in Connecticut , a post-township of Fair- field co., on Long Island Sound, about 31 m. N.E. of New York; pop . (1890) 10,131.-PUTNAM'S HILL, in W. Green wich, near Horse Neck, is celebrated as the scene of General Israel Putnam's daring exploit during the War of Independence. Grega'riously, adv . In a gregarious manner; in a flock, herd, or company. Gregaʼriousne , n. State or quality of being gre garious. Gregg, in Indiana , a township of Morgan coun- ty. ty. shire co., on Swift river, about 80 m. W. of Boston. Gregg, in Pennsylvania , a township of Centre coun- Pop . (1895) 526. Green wich, in New Jersey, a post-village and town- Greggs'port, in Nebraska , a township of Otoe coun ship of Cumber land co., on Delaware bay. about 6 m. W.S.W. of Bridge ton. -A township of Gloucester co. -A township of Warren co Green wich, in New York , a post-village and township of Washington co., on the Hudson river, about 36 m. N.E. of Albany. Pop . of village (1890) 1,663. Green wich, in Ohio , a township of Huron co. -A post-office of Huron co. Green wich, in Pennsylvania , a township of Berks Co. Green wich Village, in Ma achusetts , a post-village of Hampshire co., about 75 m W. of Boston. Green'wood, a. Belonging or relating to a green wood; hence, arboraceous; rural; bucolic. -n. A wood when green, as in summer. Green'wood, in Arkansas , a post-town, capital of Sebastian co., about 18 m. S.E. of Fort Smith. Greenwood, in California , a post-village of El Dorado co., about 18 m. N. by W. of Placerville. Greenwood, in Delaware , a post-town of Su ex co. Greenwood, in Florida , a post-office of Jackson co. Greenwood, in Illinois , a post-village of McHenry co., about 60 m. N.W. of Chicago. Greenwood, in Indiana , a post-town of Johnson co., about 10 m. S.S.E. of Indianapolis. Pop . (1890) 862. Greenwood, in Iowa , a village of Polk co. Greenwood, in Kansas , a S.E. central co.; area , about 1,155 sq. m. Rivers. Verdigris river, and numerous smaller streams. Surface, undulating. Soil , fertile. Cap. Eureka. Pop . (1895) 14,961. Greenwood, in Louisiana , a post-town of Caddo parish, about 350 m. N.W. of New Orleans. Greenwood, in Maine , a post-town of Oxford co. Greenwood, in Maryland , a P. O. of Baltimore co. Greenwood, in Ma achusetts , a P. O. of Middle sex co. Greenwood, in Michigan , a post-office of Ogemaw co. -A township of Oceana co. Greenwood, in Minnesota , a village and township of Hennepin co., on Crow river, about 27 m. W.N.W. of Minneapolis. Greenwood, in Mi i ippi , a post-town, capital of Le Flore co. Pop . (1890) 1,055. Greggs'ville, in W. Virginia , a post-office of Ohio co. Grego, Griego, n. [Sp. Griego .] A short mantle or cloak with a hood attached, worn in Greece and the Levant. Grego'rian, a. [Fr. Grégorien, from Lat. Greg or i us.] Denoting what belongs to Gregory; as, the Greg or i an calendar. Greg'orite, n. ( Min .) A titanic iron ore. - Same as MEN ACC A NITE, q. v. of his war with Frederick. He established, a few years later, the inquisition at Toulouse and Car cas sonne, ex- cited, by his haughty demeanor, a revolt at Rome in 1234, and was driven from the city, to which he did not return for three years. St. Anthony of Padua, St. Dominic, and St. Elizabeth were canonized by G., who D. in 1241, at a very advanced age. GREGORY X., of the illustrious family of Visconti, was elected pope in 1271, after an interregnum of two years, at which time he was in the Holy Land. He a embled a council at Lyons, to promote a union between the East- ern and Western churches, and other objects. D. 1276. France, was a nephew of Clement VI., and son of the count of Beaufort. He was elevated to the pontificate in 1370, after the death of Urban V., was a patron of learning, and endeavored to reconcile the princes of Christen dom, and to reform the religious societies. He transferred the papal see from Avignon to Rome, where he died, 1378. noble family at Rome, about the year 544. He discov-GREGORY XI., (PETER ROGER,) a native of Limous in, in ered such abilities as a senator, that the Emperor Jus- tin us appointed him prefect of Rome, after which he embraced the monastic life in a society founded by himself. Pope Pelagius II. sent him as nuncio to Con- stantinople, and on his return made him apostolical secretary. He was elected succe or to that pontiff in 590. Pope G. was pious and charitable, had lofty notions of the papal authority, was a reformer of the clerical discipline, and after his death was canonized. He is, however, accused, but on slight and doubtful evidence, of burning a multitude of the works of ancient authors, lest the attention to heathen literature should supersede the monkish and ecclesiastical studies of the age. His works are comprised in 4 vols. D. 604. GREGORY II., (ST.,) succeeded Const an tine in the pontifi- cate, 715, and D. 731. GREGORY VII., HILDEBRAND, son of a carpenter, was a native of Soano, Tuscany. He was the friend and counsellor of Leo IX. and the four succeeding popes, and on the death of Alexander II. was elected to suc- ceed him, 1073. He obtained confirmation in his elec- tion from the Emperor Henry IV., and immediately applied himself zealously to reform two of the gro est evils of the Church, - simony and the licentiousne of the clergy. In his view, however, marriage, no le than concubinage, was a sin in them. He menaced the emperor and the king of France, the latter without effect. In 1074 he a embled a council, by which it was forbidden the prelates to receive in vesture of a layman; and this was the first step in the quarrel with the em- per or, which lasted so many years. Henry, disregarding the papal authority, was summoned to Rome; but he held a diet at Worms, and pronounced the deposition of the pope. To this G. replied by procuring the depo- sition of the emperor and the election of another, Ro- dolph of Suabia. Henry now promised submi ion; and in the early winter of 1077 went with his wife and child to Italy. The pope was at the castle of Carno a, and there, after keeping the penitent king of Germany three days waiting at the gate, he received and gave him ab- solution. The terms imposed on him were intolerable, and he soon broke them, made war on Rodolph, and defeated him, set up a rival pope in Guibert, archbishop of Ravenna, with the title of Clement III., and after several unsucce ful attempts entered Rome in 1084, had himself crowned emperor by his own pope, and besieged G. in San Angelo. The pope was delivered by Guiscard, and retiring to Salerno, D. there in 1085. Whatever may be said of the power in itself, or of the length to which it has at times extended, the occasion and the object of its exercise in the hands of G. were always such as to command the sympathy of the philo- sophical student of the history of the Middle Ages. By his firm and unbending efforts to suppre the unchris- tian vices which deformed society, and to restrain the tyranny which oppre ed the subject as much as it en- slaved the Church, he taught his age "that there was a being on earth whose special duty it was to defend the defencele , to succor the succorle , to afford a refuge to the widow and orphan, and to be the guardian of the poor." Dean Milman sums up his history of G. as of one who is to be contemplated not merely with awe, but in some respects, and with some great drawbacks, as a benefactor of mankind. GREGORY VIII., B. at Ben even to, succeeded Urban III., 1187, and D. the same year, after having exhorted the Christian princes to undertake a new crusade. is not to be confounded with the anti-pope Bourd in, who a umed the same name. GREGORY XII., (ANGELO CORARIRO,) a native of Venice, was raised to the pontificate in 1406, during the schism in the East, Benedict XIII. being the other pope. Both were deposed by a council held at Pisa, and Alexander V. elected in their stead. G. submitted, and laid aside the pontifical dignity. D. 1417. GREGORY XIII., BONCOMPAGNI, was a native of Bologna, and succeeded Pope Pius V. in 1572. He was deeply versed in the canon and civil law, and had distinguished him- self at the council of Trent. He ornamented Rome with many fine buildings and fountains; but his pont i- ficate is chiefly memorable for the reformation of the calendar, which took place under his auspices, and bore his name. D. 1585. GREGORY XIV., (NICHOLAS SFONDRATE,) succeeded Urban VII. in 1550. He was the son of a senator of Milan, and involved himself in an unsucce ful war against Henry IV. of France. D. in 1591. GREGORY XV., (A LESS ANDRO LUDOVICO,) was a native of Bologna, and descended from an ancient family. He succeeded Paul V. in 1621, and was the founder of the College of the Propaganda. It was this Pope who, in 1622, canonized Ignatius Loyola, Francis Xavier, and Philip de Neri. He was author of several works, one of which is entitled Epistola ad Regem Persarum, Shah Abbas, cum notes He gals on i, 8vo., 1627. D. 1623. GREGORY XVI., MAURO CAPELLARI, B. at Belluno in 1765, and succeeded Pius VIII. 1831. His pontificate was a period of no ordinary interest and difficulty in the his- tory of the Church, and in the relations of the Vatican with the temporal powers of Christen dom. Simple in his habits, though narrow in his ideas and timid in his manners, he neverthele displayed great energy in con- ducting the affairs of the Church. D. 1846, and was suc- ceeded by Pius IX. Gregory, bishop of Neo-Cæsarea, in the 3d century, was surnamed THAUMATURGUS, or the Wonder-worker, on account of the miracles which he is said to have per- formed. The Church flourished under his care until the Decian persecution in 250, when he thought it prudent to retire for a time. He was a pupil of the celebrated Origen, and appears to have been a man of learning. D. about 265. Gregory, JAMES, a Scottish mathematician and philoso- pher, B. at Aberdeen, 1638. At the age of 29 he became profe or of mathematics in St. Andrew's; from which he was transferred to the same chair in Edinburgh, 1674. He died at the early age of 36 (1675,) having given the most brilliant promise as well as great performance. We owe him one form of the reflecting telescope; and in analytic power he sometimes rivalled Newton. His memoirs are very numerous, all bespeaking talents and originality of the first order. GREGORY, David , nephew of the preceding, B. at Aberdeen, 1661; at the age of 23 he succeeded his uncle in the metropolitan chair. David was an elegant mathemati- cian and a good astronomer. He became Savilian pro- fe or at Oxford, and was one of the first who compre- hended and taught the philosophy of Newton. He died in 1708. GREGORY, John , a physician and miscellaneous writer, grandson of James G., B. in 1724, at Aberdeen; studied at Edinburgh and Leyden; became profe or of physic at Edinburgh; and was appointed first physician to the king of Scotland. His works are, A Comparative View of the State and Facilities of Man with those of the Animal World ; Observations on the Duties and Offices of a Physi- cian; Elements of the Practice of Physic ; and A Father's Legacy to his Daughters. Died 1773. Gregory (St.), commonly called GREGORY OF TOURS, was B. in 544, in Auvergne. He was chosen bishop of Tours in 573, and D. 595. He was author of a History of the Franks , and is the most ancient of French historians. Gregory Nazi'anzen (St.), a father of the Church, bishop of Constantinople, eminent for his piety, elo- quence, and learning; B. in 326, near Nazianzus, in Cappadocia, of which place his father, a convert from hea- thenism, was bishop. He received an excellent educa- tion, which he improved at Athens, where he formed an acquaintance with St. Basil. On his return home he was ordained; hesitated long between the contemplative and the active life; adhered to the Nicene doctrine, and en- deavored to keep together its persecuted adherents; a isted his father in his pastoral duties, and at length became minister to a small congregation of the Nicene Christians at Constantinople. Distinguishing himself greatly by his fervent eloquence, and no le by his wis- dom and moderation, he was made bishop of Constant i- nople by Theodosius in 380. After filling this high and difficult post for one year, he resigned it, and returned to his native place, where he D. in 389. He excelled all Gregory of Ny a (St.), the younger brother of St. Basil, was ordained bishop of Ny a in 372. The zeal he displayed against the Arians excited the resentment of the Emperor Valens, who belonged to that sect, and he was banished; but on the acce ion of Gratian he was restored to his see. He was present at the council of Constantinople in 381, and at another in 394, and D. soon afterwards. Gre'gree, n. A talisman, charm, or fetish, used by some African tribes. Greifenberg, ( grif'en - bairg .) a town of Pru ia, prov. Pomerania, on the Rega, 40 m. N.E. of Stettin. It is celebrated for its linen manufactures. Greifenha'gen, a town of Pomerania, Pru ia, on the Oder, 12 m. S.E. of Stettin. Manuf. Woollen cloths and leather. Greig, ( greg ,) in New York , a post-township of Lewis Greigs'ville, in New York , a post-village of Livings- ton co., abt. 28 m. S.S.W. of Rochester. Grein'er, in Michigan , a post-village of Wayne co. Greiz ( griz ), a town of Central Germany, chief city of the principality of Reu -Greiz, on the Elster, 54 m. S. W. of Leipsic. Manuf . Weaving. Gremial, a . Pertaining to the lap. (R.) Grena'da, an island in the Windward group of the West Indies, Lat. 12°2′ N., Lon. 61° 48′ W. G. is moun- tainous, the ridges ranging N. and S., but is adapted to the production of all tropical fruits and grains. Area , 140 sq. m. G. was discovered by Columbus in 1498, first settled by the French, and in 1762 taken by the English, who retain its po e ion. Pop ., with dependencies, (1895) 56,300, of whom the great majority are negroes. The climate is unhealthy. Grena'da, in Alabama , a post-office of Lawrence co. Grena'da, in Georgia , a post-office of Talbot co. Grena'da, in Mi i ippi , a post-town, cap. of Grenada co., on the Yallobusha river, about 113 m. N. by E. of Jackson. Pop . (1890) 2,416. Grenade, ( gre - nād ' ,) n. [Fr. grenade , a pomegranate, a small bomb; Sp. granada , from Lat. granātum , a pome- granate, from granum , a grain. See GRAIN.] ( Mil . ) A shell or hollow ball of iron, 21⁄2 inches in diameter, which, being charged with powder and provided with a fuze, is thrown as a mi ile during sieges. As soon as the composition in the fuze is consumed, the fire com- municates with the powder, and the G. is burst into fragments, doing great injury. G. are particularly use- ful in annoying an enemy. (Also called hand - grenade .) Grenadier, ( gren - a - deer ',) n. [Fr.] ( Mil .) The name given at first to the soldiers who threw grenades; but afterwards conferred on certain troops of the line, dis- tinguished by peculiarities of dre , accoutrements, . The name originated with the French in 1667, but was speedily adopted into all the armies of Europe; and wherever it has been introduced, the finest men of a regiment have always been selected to form what is called the grenadier company . -a. ( Mil .) Composed of grenadiers; relating to gren a- diers; as, the grenadier company of a battalion. Grenadine, n. A thin silken fabric used for ladies' dre es, . Grenadines, a cluster of small islands between St. Vincent and Grenada, two of the Antilles, extending from Lat. 12°30′ to 13° N., and consisting of Bequia, Carriacon, Union, and other small islands. They belong to Great Britain. Grena'do, n. ( Mil .) See GRENADE. Gren'atite, n . ( Min .) Same as STANROLITE, q. v. Grenelle', an ancient burg between Paris and Auteuil, subsequently a faubourg of Paris, and now an integral part of the city. G. is particularly noted for its cele brated Artesian well, 1,704 feet deep, which supplies all the upper portion of Paris with water. Gren gesite, n . ( Min . ) A variety of PRO CHLORITE, q. v. Grenoble, [Lat. Grat i a no polis , a fortified town of France, dept. Isère, at the confluence of the river Isère with the Drac, 390 m. S.E. of Paris. Manuf. Gloves, cotton articles, hemp, and various sorts of liquors. G. contains a university, a very celebrated artillery-school, a school of surgery and midwifery, and an academy of arts and sciences. Grenville, GEORGE, an English statesman, B. 1712. He entered parliament in 1741, and retained a seat in the Lower House for 29 years. After filling subordinate political positions, he was appointed, in 1762, Secretary of State, and before the close of the same year, First Lord of the Admiralty. In the year following, he be- came Chancellor of the Exchequer and First Lord of the Treasury; but in 1765 he resigned the premiership, and D. 1770. G. was an eloquent speaker, and a man of consummate busine ability, although he is credited with the authorship of the impolitic Stamp Act, which prepared the way for the severance of the American colonies from the mother country. Gren'ville, a N.E. co. of prov. of Ontario, bordering on New York; area , about 421 sq.m. Rivers . St. Lawrence, Rideau, and Nation rivers. Surface, diversified; soil fertile. Cap . Pre scott. The American Dictionary and Cyclopedia Gren'ville, a vill. of prov. of Quebec, co. of Two Mountains, on the Ottawa River, abt. 60 m. W. of Montreal. Grenville. See GRANVILLE. Grès. The French name for a sandstone or a grit. Thus the new red sandstone is called le nouveau grès rouge; the grès of Fontainebleau is also a well-known member of the tertiary grès. Gresh'am, SIR THOMAS, founder of the Royal Exchange of London, and the Gresham Lectures, B. in London 1519, was the son of Sir Richard Gresham, merchant and lord mayor of that city, and acquired universal fame as a merchant for his knowledge, sound judgment, and integrity. Besides his munificent endowments in the interest of commerce and the arts, he served the state as amba ador, and contributed greatly to placing the financial affairs of England upon a sound basis, being in constant intercourse and correspondence with Sir W. Cecil. He was greatly honored by Queen Elizabeth. Died in 1597. See GRESHAM'S LAW, in SECTION II. Gresh'ville, in Pennsylvania , a P. O. of Berks co. Gre et, (gres- sa ' ,) JEAN BAPTISTE LOUIS, a French poet and dramatist, B. 1709. For a long time he excited the admiration of Paris i an circles, wrote some elegant poems, became a member of the Academy, and was the companion of the wits and literati of the French capital; but at length he renounced his favorite pursuits, and withdrew from the gay world, to enjoy the tranquillity of retirement. D. 1777. His literary fame rests principally on his Vert Vert , his Chartreuse, and Le Méchant. Gre o'rial, a . (From Lat. grad i, gre us, to go.] (Zool.) Applied to the feet of birds which have three toes forward, two of which are connected, and one behind. Gret'na-Green, a village of Scotland, in Dumfrie hire, 27 m. S.E. of Dumfries, on the high-road between London and Edinburgh, celebrated for the irregular marriages formerly contracted there. They originated in the greater laxity admitted by the law of Scotland than by that of England, on the subject of marriage. In Scotland, a marriage may be contracted by a mutual declaration to that effect by the two parties in the presence of witne es, a mode which is much more simple and expeditious than that of England; and hence it was largely taken advantage of by runaway couples from England; the rule being, that a marriage is valid in England if contracted according to the law of the place in which it was solemnized. G.-G. being the most convenient place on Scotch ground for parties from England, the marriages usually took place there; but they were also celebrated at Springfield, Annan, Cold stream, and other places along the border. At G.-G. and the other places there were usually one or more persons who took upon themselves the duties of the priest, and in whose presence the declaration was made. The marriage service of the Church of England was sometimes read, in order to please the parties. The practice is said to have been begun at G.-G. rather more than a century ago, by a person named Paisley, a tobacconist. Afterwards it was carried on by various individuals, each inn, in fact, having its rival priest, besides various others, who carried on the busine on their own account. Latterly, the best-known of these worthies was a blacksmith, though he is said to have had a formidable rival in a person who was employed in breaking stones on the roadside, and who in this way had the advantage of getting the first word of the parties in pa ing. Though sometimes large sums were received, the effect of competition had been to reduce the fee, in some cases, as low as half a crown. The marriages effected in this way were at one time estimated as high as 500 a year. The practice, however, has virtually been put a stop to by 19 & 20 Vict. c. 96, which declares that no valid marriage can be contracted in Scotland, unle one of the parties had, at the date thereof, his or her usual place of residence there, or had lived in Scotland for twenty one days next preceding such marriage. Gret'ry, ANDRÉ ERNEST MODEST, a French composer, в. in Liége, 1741, is considered one of the founders of the French comic opera, and for 40 years enjoyed a popularity which the efforts of rival composers could not impair. His new succe ful operas are, Zemire et Azor , Barbe Bleue , and Richard Cœur de Lion. D. 1813. Greut, n. ( Pal .) Same as GRIT, q. v. Greuze, ( grōōs ,) JEAN BAPTISTÉ, a celebrated French genre painter, B. at Tournus, 1725. His subjects are mostly taken from domestic life, and at once appeal to the commonest emotions. Among his most esteemed works are, The Little Girl with the Dog , the Village - Bride , the Paralytic Father , the Broken Pitcher , . His pictures generally fetch very high prices, and one of them was recently (1865) sold, at the sale of the Pour tales collection, for $20,000. D. very poor, 1805. Grew, ( grū ,) imp . of GROW, q. v. Grewia, n. [After Dr. Grew, a botanist of the 17th cent.] ( Bot . ) A genus of plants, order Filiaceæ . Two species, G. sapid a and Asiatica , yield small red acid fruit, commonly used in India for flavoring sherbet. Some of the species have a fibrous inner bark, which is used for rope-making, .; and the wood of G. elastic a is very strong and elastic. They are widely dispersed, but not found in America. Grew's ome, Grue's ome, a. [Scot.] Forbidding; awful; ghastly; frightful. "Hech, sirs, it was a gruesome sight."-Douglas. Grey, a . Same as GRAY, q. v. Grey Friars. See FRANCIS CANS. Grey, CHARLES, second EARL, an English statesman, B. at Falloden, near Alnwick, North umber land, 1764, became in 1786 a member of parliament, and in 1792 was one of the founders and most active members of the "Society of the Friends of the People." In 1797 he brought forward a motion for parliamentary reform, for which he continued to labor strenuously, although he was, for many years, unsucce ful in carrying the object of his wishes. When Lord Grenville, in 1806, came into office, G., as Lord Howick, (from the elevation of his father to the peerage,) became First Lord of the Admiralty, and, as one of the leaders of the House of Commons, carried the Act for the abolition of the slave-trade. In the following year, the cabinet was broken up, and he, in the same year, succeeded to the title, by the death of his father. In the House of Lords he became one of the leaders of the opposition. For many years he remained out of office; but in 1830 he was called upon by William IV. to form a new cabinet, after the fall of the Wellington administration. He accordingly became prime minister, and announced "peace, retrenchment, and reform" as the objects of his policy. In 1831 the Reform Bill was introduced by Lord John Ru ell into the House of Commons; but in the following year the ministers resigned, on account of a motion of Lord Lyndhurst. They were restored to power, however, and in the same year the bill was pa ed. In the succeeding year Earl Grey resigned, and, after about a couple of years, retired from public life. D. 1845. Grey, LADY JANE, a noble English lady whose accomplishments and misfortunes have rendered her an especial object of interest, was the daughter of Henry Grey, marquis of Dorset (afterwards duke of Suffolk), by the Lady Frances, daughter of Charles Brandon, duke of Suffolk, and Mary, younger sister of Henry VIII. She rather than by smell, its eyes are placed more conspicuously forward than in other dogs. The head is beautifully shaped, and slender in proportion, its muzzle is long and pointed; the ears droop at the points; the back is broad and muscular; the body being lank, and very much contracted in its lower parts. The leg Fig . 1201.-GREYHOUND. are long and muscular, while the chest is capacious and deep, with the tail slender and curved upwards at the end. The Irish greyhound, or wolf - dog , is a variety of this animal; it is stronger and larger, but it is not so fit for hunting-purposes, as it lacks the speed and keen eyesight of the true greyhound. The Italian greyhound is a much smaller variety than the English, and is a very delicate animal. From its diminutive form and tender constitution, it is more fit for the duties of a lap-dog than for those of the chase. Greylag, n. (Zool.) Same as GRAYLAG, q. v. Grey's tones, a promontory and fishing-village of Ire- land, co. of Wicklow, Leinster, abt. 3 m. S.E. of Bray. Gri'as, n. ( Bot .) See ANCHOVY-PEAR. Grice, Grise, n . [Swed. and Icel. gris , a little pig; Gr. choiros , a young swine.] A little pig. Grid'dle, n. [W. griedell , from grediaw, to heat, to scorch, to parch.) A circular plate of iron, or a broad and shallow pan, for baking cakes over a fire. (Sometimes written girdle .) ( Mining .) A large wire sieve, used instead of a hurdle, for sifting and sorting copper ore as it rises from the IMG:content-0448.png:[graphic] Gride, v . a . [A. S. grädan , to cry. See CRY.] To cut with a harsh, grating sound. "The griding sword... pa ed through him." - Milton . -n. A cutting or scraping with a harsh, grating sound. Grid'elin, Griz'elin, n. [Fr. gris de lin , flax-gray.] A color mixed of white and red; as, " the bloomy gride lin ." - Dryden. Gridiron, (grid'i-ern,) n. [Swed. & Goth. grädda , to bake, and iron . A grated utensil used in kitchens for broiling flesh, fish, ., over the fire. ( Naut .) A frame upon which a ship rests at low water, or in dry-dock, for survey and repairs to her bottom. Gridiron- pendulum . See PENDULUM. pop . abt. 1,200. "In all the silent manline of grief."-Goldsmith. Cause of sorrow; that which afflicts; trouble; grievance; with her at Bradgate, where he found her reading Plato's Phædo in Greek, while the family were amusing themselves in the park. In 1551 her father was created duke of Suffolk; and at this time Lady Jane Grey was much at court, where the ambitious duke of North umber land projected a marriage between her and his son, Lord Guilford Dudley, which took place at the end of May, 1553. Soon after this, Edward VI. died, having been prevailed upon, in his last illne , to settle the crown upon the Lady Jane, who reluctantly accepted it, and was proclaimed with great pomp. This gleam of royal--Misfortune; mishap; calamity; want of succe ; as, all ty, however, was of short duration for the pageant affliction. "The glory dies not, and the grief is past."-Sir Egerton Brydges. -Physical pain, hurt, or disease. (R.) who engaged in the affair came to grief. Gri'er, in Indiana , a township of Warrick co.; pop . abt. 735. reign lasted but nine days. The kingdom was di at is- Griefful, a. Full of grief, woe, or sorrow. fied, and the nobility indignant at the presumption of Grief le , a . Free from grief. North umber land, so that Mary soon overcame her Griego, n. Same as GREGO, q. v. enemies, and was not backward in taking ample revenge. The duke of North umber land was beheaded, and Lady Jane and her husband were arraigned, convicted of treason, and sent to the Tower. After being confined some time, the council resolved to put these innocent victims of a parent's unprincipled ambition to death. Lord Guilford suffered first, and as he pa ed her window his lady gave him her last adieu. Immediately afterwards she was executed on the same scaffold, suffering with calmne and resignation, Feb. 12. 1554. Grey, a W. central co. of prov. of Ontario, bordering on Georgian Bay. Area , abt. 2,321 sq. m. Rivers . Saugeen and Maitland rivers. Surface , diversified; soil , moderately fertile. Cap . Owen Sound. Pop . abt. 60,000. Greyhound, n. [A. S. grighund .] ( Zool .) A species of dog, Canis graius , used for the chase, which appears to have been known even in the most remote ages of antiquity, as it is represented on some of the oldest of Egyptian monuments. Its first portraiture that can be relied on is in a painting on one of the tombs of the fourth dynasty of Egypt, which must be upwards of 4,000 years old. The cultivated English greyhound, Gri'er's Point, in Pennsylvania , a P. O. of Perry co. Griesbach, JOHANN JAKOB, an eminent German critic, B. in He e-Darmstadt, 1745, celebrated for his attainments in theological, biblical, and ecclesiastical literature, especially for his edition of the Greek gospels, with a critical history of the printed text, and examination of the various readings. D., profe or of divinity at the university of Jena, 1812. Grievance, ( grevans ,) n. [O. Fr. grevance.] That which causes grief or uneasine ; that which burdens, oppre es, or injures-implying a sense of wrong done; hardship; injustice; trouble. -Grief; affliction; sorrow. Grieve, ( grèv ,) v. a. [D. grieven ; Fr. gréver , to oppre ; Lat. gravare , from gravis .] To cause grief to; to give pain of mind to; to afflict; to wound the feelings of; to inflict pain on; to make sorrowful; to excite regret in; to try to hurt. "Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave."-Byron. according to Blaine's Encyclopædia of Rural Sports , To mourn; to lament; to sorrow over; as, he grieves exhibits a model of elegance, and a combination of symmetrical proportions probably unrivalled by any other animal but the race-horse; and the perfection of the mechanism for speedy progre ion is apparent throughout its structure. As the greyhound hunts by sight his ill luck. -v.n. To feel grief, or pain of mind and heart; to lament; to sorrow; to mourn; to be in affliction; - often before at or for . "Do you not grieve at this?"-Shake. The American Dictionary and Cyclopedia IMG:content-0450.png:[blocks in formation] Grieve, (grèv,) n. [Gael. graf .] In Scotland, a land-Grimaced', a . crabbed look. steward; the bailiff of a manor; a ground-reeve; the factor of an estate. Griev'er, n. The person who, or thing which, grieves. Griev'ingly, adv . In sorrow; sorrowfully. Grievous, a. Causing grief; heavy; oppre ive; bur- densome; afflictive; painful; distre ing; hard to be borne; as, a grievous misfortune. - Atrocious; offen- sive; tending to irritate or make angry; flagitious; hurtful; heinous; as, a grievous offence. Griffins burg, in Virginia , a village of Culpepper co., about 103 m. N. N. W. of Richmond. Griffin's Corners, in New York , a post-office of Delaware co. "A sumptuous supper of a spatchcock, grilled bones, and punch." Pierce Egan . -To torment, as if by broiling; to roast, as with batter. Grillade', n. [Fr., from griller . See GRILL.] Act or art of grilling; also, anything broiled on the gridiron; as, a grillade of chicken. Grillage, ( gril'lāj ,) n. -To sharpen by rubbing or friction; to polish by attri tion, as gla ; to rub, as one against another; as, to grind the teeth. - To hara ; to oppre ; to cause trouble or affliction to; "Against a stump his tusk the monster grinds." -Dryden. to make exorbitant or unjust demands upon. "Laws grind the poor, and rich men rule the law."-Goldsmith. -To read up for honors; to prepare for examination; to go through the curriculum of study; as, he is grinding for his degree. (Used at the English universities.) Grimal'kin, n. [A corruption of gray malkin , a gray old witch supposed to resemble an old cat.] An old cat. Grime, n. [Icel. grim a ; Swed. grum , grounds, dregs.] Foul matter; dirt; sullying blackne not easily cleansed; smut; sootine . -v.α. To dirt; to ingrain deeply with foul or sooty matter. Grimes, in Texas , an E. central co.; area , abt. 750 sq. this coffee grinds fine. - To be polished or made smooth by friction; to be sharpened by grinding; as, this axe grinds badly. To drudge; to perform ince ant and distasteful labor. Grind'er, n. One who grinds, or the instrument used Grind'ed, old pp . of GRIND. Ground. in grinding. - A tooth that grinds or chews food; a molar; a double tooth. "The back-teeth, which we call the molar teeth, or grinders ." Bacon . Grim'ly, adv . Fiercely; ferociously; with a look of sternne or grimne ; sourly; sullenly. m. Rivers. Brazos and Nav as i to or Navisota rivers, -pl . The teeth in general; as, "whetted grinders." and Spring Creek. Surface , principally rolling prairie; soil , very fertile. Cap . Anderson. Grind'ery, n. In England, the name given to shoe- Dryden. makers' materials generally. Grimm, JACOB LUDWIG, a distinguished German philol- Grind'ing-frame, n. A frame used in cotton-spin- ogist, B. at Hanau, in He e-Ca el, 1785. He was edu- cated at the university of Marburg, and in 1805 spent some months at Paris as a istant to Savigny. Three Grind'ing-slip, n. Grind'ingly, adv . In a grinding manner. ning. parte, king of Westphalia, and had leisure for his Grin'dle Creek, in N. Carolina , enters Tar River in A hone; a sharpening-stone for kuives, . favorite studies in early German literature. On the electorate, and in that capacity was present at the Con- overthrow of the new kingdom of Westphalia, in 1813, he was made secretary of legation, under the restored gre of Vienna. He held the office of sub-librarian to the elector from 1816 till 1829, his younger brother, Wilhelm, being also employed in the library. In the latter year he became first librarian to the university brother from his similar office, for protesting against the of Göttingen, which post, with a profe orship, he held till 1837. In that year he was dismi ed, as was also his violation of the constitution of the king of Hanover. university, and members of the Academy of Sciences. In 1841 they both settled at Berlin, as profe ors in the Deutsche Grammatik, Deutsche My tho logie, and Geschichte der Deutschen Sprache . The great Deutsches Wörterbuch , Among the principal works of this great scholar are the joint production of the two inseparable brothers, finished by them, but is in course of completion on their and perhaps their most important work, was left un- plan, and from their materials. The well-known Kinder- und Haus-Märchen was also their joint work. Jacob D. 1863. Grimm, FRIED RICH MELCHIOR, BARON DE, counsellor of state of the Ru ian empire, and a man of letters, B. in 1723, at Ratisbon. Going to Paris, he became principal secretary to the Duke of Orleans, and acquainted with Rou eau and other Paris i an philosophers; an account of whose writings, friendships, disputes, ., has been preserved in his Correspondence, which extraordinary medley, after a lapse of 30 years, was published in 16 vols. A supplement to this is the Correspondence inédit de Grimm et Diderot , (Paris, 1829.) It contains a com- plete history of French literature from 1753 to 1790, and is remarkable for its brilliancy and piquant criticism. In 1776 G. was appointed envoy from the Duke of Saxe- Gotha to the French court. On the revolution breaking out, he retired to the court of Gotha, where he found a safe asylum. In 1795, the empre of Ru ia made him her minister plenipotentiary to the states of Lower Saxony; and he was confirmed in that post by Paul I., and retained it till ill health obliged him to relinquish it. He then returned to Gotha, where he D., 1807. Grim'ma, a walled town of Pru ia, in Saxony, on the Grim'ne , n. Quality of being grim; fiercene or Mulde, 18 m. S.E. of Leipsic. Manuf . Cloths, woollens, and flannels. Pop . 6,500. sternne of look; crabbedne . Grimsby, (Great,) a seaport-town of England, in Lincoln shire, on the Humber, 15 m. S.E. of Hull; pop . 20,244. Grimsby, a vill. of prov. of Ontario, co. of Lincoln. Grim'ville, in Pennsylvania , a post-office of Berks co. Grim'y, a . Dirty; foul; smutty; containing grime. Grin, v. n. [A. S. grinnian; It. digrignare , from Lat. ring or, rictus.] To set the teeth together and withdraw the lips; or to open the mouth, and part the lips from the teeth, so as to show them in anger, pain, or mirth. IMG:content-0451.png:[ocr errors] & P. and Ia. Central R. Rs.; partially destroyed by a Grin'nell, in low a , a fine manuf. city, of Poweshiek To hold one's nose to the grindstone, to keep one down or in a state of durance or servitude. co., 55 m. N. E. of Des Moines, at Junction of C., R. L. Grin'nell Land. A mountainous tract of polar land tornado in June, 1882. Pop . (1895) 3,232. on the west side of Kennedy channel, which separates it from Green land, and extending from Jones' Sound to Lat. 82° 30 N. It was discovered by Dr. Hayes, of Kane's expedition, in 1854, and named after Henry Grinnell, of New York, the patron of the expedition. covered with ice caps N. and S., between which lie It was thoroughly explored by Greely in 1882. It is valleys free from snow in summer, and which support herds of musk ox and other Arctic animals. Grin'ner, n. One who grins. Grin'ningly, adv . In a grinning manner; with a Grip, or la grippe, n. ( Path .) See SECTION IL grinning laugh. Grip, n [Dan. grab . See GRIPE.] A gripe; a grasp; a holding fast; force or power exerted in grasping; as, a strong grip . - A peculiar method of clasping the hand, of recognizing brethren; as, the Freemason's grip . - A practised by members of secret societies for the purpose handle; that by which anything is grasped; as, the grip of an axe. -v. a. To grasp; to lay hold of firmly; to seize; to Grip, n. [D. groep .] A small gulley, ditch, or furrow. gripe; as, to grip a person by the arm. Gripe, v . a. [A. S. grip an ; D. grijpen ; Ger. greifen; Icel. grip a , to seize; Sansk. grabh , to seize. See GRAPPLE and GRASP.] To seize or grasp with the hand; to catch with the hand, and clasp firmly with the fingers; to hold fast; to grip; to squeeze; to clutch. "He... doth gripe the hearer's wrist." - Shaks. -To embrace closely; to seize, or hold fast greedily or covetously; as, a " griping hold." Dryden. - To pinch; to pre ; to straiten; to distre ; as, griping poverty. - To give pain to the bowels, as if by spasms or contrac- tion. dan , to bruise; Goth. grind , small; Swed. & Goth. gryn , -pl. (Med.) Pinching pain in the bowels; colic; belty- corn slightly bruised; allied to Ger. trennen, to sep a- rate, to rend.] To break and reduce to fine particles or powder by friction; to triturate; to break and reduce to small pieces by the teeth. Though the mills of God grind slowly, yet they grind exceed- Long fellow. IMG:content-0452.png:[blocks in formation] Grip'ingly, adv. In a griping manner. colicky pain in the bowels. Grippe, ( grip ,) n. [Fr.] The influenza. Grise, n. Same as GRICE, q. v. With a Griseldis, ( gris'el - dis.) ( Lit. ) The name of the heroine of a popular tale of the Middle Ages, originally apparently Italian, but which was subsequently adopted by various other nations. She was, originally, a poor charcoal-burner, whom the Marquis Walter de Saluzzo took to wife, and then put her humility and obedience to the hardest tests; but she having victoriously surmounted them, a reconciliation took place. As a tale, said to have an historical foundation, we first meet with it in Boccaccio's Decameron (x. 10). It was translated into Latin by Petrarch in 1373, and in the 15th century it was well known in Germany. It was dramatized in Paris in 1393, in England in 1599, and in Germany, by Hans Sachs, in 1546.