HANOVER

(1) Prov., Pru ia (52° 30’ N., 9° E.), surrounded by North Sea, ony, Brunswick, He e-Na au, WestPhalia, Lippe, Pyrmont, and Netherjands; traversed by Harz Mountains in 'S.E.; remainder forms part of great N. Ger. plain, covered with moor and immense stretches of heath, such as Liineburger Heide; chief rivers, Elbe, Weser, ims, Leine; traversed by numerous canals; principal towns, Hanover (cap.), Hildesheim, Osnabriick, Gottingen (with uniy.), Borkum and Norderney (famous watering-places); rich agriculture; also coal, salt, silver, copper, iron ore, lead, Pottery, asphalt, flax, tobacco, etc.; famous poultry rearing (especially geese). Ernst August of Brunswick became Elector of Hanover 1692, and was succeeded by his s., George Ludwig, who became George I. of England 1714; the union of Britain and Hanover under the Guelphs lasted until Queen Victoria’s acce ion 1834, when Hanover pa ed to Ernst August (Duke of Cumber land), 6. of William Hanover sided with Austria during Austrian War of Succe ion 1727, with Pru ia during Seven Years’ War, and against Fr. Republic 1793. Hanover was made a kingdom by Congre of Vienna 1814; joined Zollverein 1854; sided with Austria against Pru ia 1866; Hanovorians forced to capitulate at Langensalza, and Hanover annexed to Pru ia 1866; Area, 14,862