raddlel (radl)

[Early mod. E. radel, redle; also (in verb) ruddle; perhaps a transposed form of hurdle; or formed from wreathe or writhe (cf. writhle, v.) and confused with hurdle, or with riddles (ME. redel, etc.), a curtain.] 1. A hurdle. [Prov. Eng.]-2. pl. Small wood or sticks split like laths to bind a wall for the plastering it over with loam or mortar. Kennett. ( Halli well.) In old time the houses of the Britons were slight lie set vp with a few posts and many radels , with stable and all offices under one roofe. Harrison, Descrip. of Britain, ii. 12. ( Holinshed's Chron.) 3. A piece of wood interwoven with others between stakes to form a fence. [Prov. Eng.]4. A hedge formed by interweaving the shoots and branches of trees or shrubs. [Prov. Eng.] -5. A wooden bar with a row of upright pegs, employed by domestic weavers in some places to keep the warp of a proper width, and to prevent it from becoming entangled when it is wound upon the beam.-6. In metal - working, a rabble. raddlel (rad'l), v. t.; pret. and pp. raddled, ppr. raddling. [Formerly also redle, ruddle; Raddling or working it up like basket work. 2t. To "baste"; beat. Defoe , Robinson Crusoe, xxv. IMG:content-1551.png:[blocks in formation] raddle2 (rad'l), n. [Var. of reddle, ruddle1.] 1. Same as reddle.-2. A layer of red pigment. Some of us have more serious things to hide than a yellow cheek behind a raddle of rouge. Thackeray, Roundabout Papers, A Medal of George the [Fourth. raddle2 (rad'l), v. t.; pret. and pp. raddled, ppr. raddling. [ IMG:content-1552.png:[blocks in formation] Three ve els under sail, and one at anchor, above Split Rock, and behind it the radeau Thunderer. Irving. (Webster.) Rade macher's plaster. See plaster . radevoret, n. [ME., prob. of OF. origin; perhaps orig. OF. * ras de Vore : ras (Sp. It. raso ), a sort of smooth cloth (see rash4 ); de , of; * Vore , perhaps the town of Lavaur in Langue doc. Cf. F. ras de Châlons, ras de Gennes, similar cloth from the places named.] A sort of cloth or textile fabric usually explained as 'tapestry' or 'striped stuff tapestry.' This woful lady ylerned had in you the So that she werken and embrowden kouthe, And weven in stole the radevore , As hyt of wymmen hath be woved yore. Chaucer, Good Women, 1. 2352. radget (raj), n. Same as rodge. radial (ra'di-al), a. and n. [ At a little distance from the center the wind is probably Science, III. 94. nearly radial. Specifically- (a) In an at., of or pertaining in any way to the radius (see radius, 2): as, the radial artery, nerve, vein; radial articulations or movements; the radial side or aspect of the arm, wrist, or hand; the radial group of muscles; the radial pronator or supinator. (b) In zool., rayed, radiate, or radiating; of or pertaining to the rays, arms, or radiating proce es of an animal; relating to the radially disposed or act i nom eric parts of the Radiata and similar animals. See cut under medusiform. (c) In ichth., of or pertaining to the radialia. See radiale ( c ). The cartilaginous, or o ified, basal and radial supports Huxley, Anat. Vert., p. 38. of the fins. (d) In bot.: (1) Belonging to a ray, as of an umbel or of a flower-head in the Composite. (2) Developing uniformly on all sides of the axis opposed bifacial or Goebel. Radial ambulacral ve els. See ambulacral. - Radial artery, the smaller of the branches resulting from the bifurcation of the brachial artery at the elbow, extending in a straight line on the outer side of the radiale pra-di-a'lē), n.; pl. radialia (-li-a). [NL., neut. of radial is, radial: see radial.] In zoöl. and an at.: ( a ) The radio carpal bone; that bone of the wrist which is situated on the radial side of the proximal row of carpals, in special relation with the radius. In man this bone is the scaphoid. Compare ulnare, and see cuts under hand and carpus. (b) One of the rays of the cup of a crinoid. See radial, n. (c), and cut under Crinoidea. (c) A cartilage radiating from the base of the fins of elasmobranch i ate fishes. See cut under pterygium. ( d ) Same as radial, n. (b). See hyper coracoid. radial is (rā-di-a'lis), n.; pl. radiales (-lēz). [NL. radial is (sc. musculus, etc.), radial: see radial. ] In an at., a radial muscle, artery, vein, or nerve: chiefly used adjectively as a part of certain Latin phrase-names of muscles: as, flexor carpi radial is; extensor carpi radial is long i or or brevior. See flexor, extensor. radiality (ra-di-al'i-ti), n. [ The character or structure of a radiate organism; formation of rays, or disposition of rayed parts; radial symmetry. Sometimes called radiate ne and radiism. radialization (rā-di-al-i-zā'shon), n. [ Thus the rocks exhibit much evidence of a silicification (and often of a radialization po ibly connected with it). Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc ., XLV. 267. radialize (rā'di-al-īz), v. t.; pret. and pp. ra dialized, ppr. radializing. [ One fragment exhibits part of a large radialized structure within a spherulitic matrix. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XLV. 249. radially (ra'di-al-i), adv . 1. In a radial or radiating manner; in the manner of radii or rays: as, lines diverging radially . As the growth [of the fungus] spreads outward radially , the inner hyphæ, having sucked all the organic matter out of the ground, perish. S. B. Herrick, Wonders of Plant Life, p. 82. 2. In entom ., toward or over the radius (a vein of the wing): as, a color-band radially dilated. radian (ra'di-an), n . [ radius + -an.] The angle subtended at the center of a circle by an arc equal in length to the radius. Also called the unit angle in circular measure. It is equal to 57° 17′ 44′′.80625 nearly. radiance (rā'di-ans), n . [F. radiance , radiant i a , radiance, radian (t-)s, radiant: see radiant .] 1. Brightne shooting in rays or beams; hence, in general, brilliant or sparkling luster; vivid brightne . The sacred radiance of the sun. Shak ., Lear, i. 1. 111. The Son, Girt with omnipotence, with radiance crown'd Of majesty divine. Milton, P. L., vii. 194. Life, like a dome of many-coloured gla , Stains the white radiance of eternity. of the forearm to the wrist, where it turns around the radial side of the carpus and descends to the upper part of the first intero eous space, where it penetrates the palm of the hand to help form the deep palmar arch. Just above the wrist it lies subcutaneously on the ulnar side of the tendon of the long supinator, and is here commonly felt in ascertaining the pulse. Its chief branches, besides the muscular and cutaneous ones, are the radial recurrent and the anterior and posterior carpals. - Radial axle-box. 2. Radiation. See axle - box. Radial bundle, in bot., a fibrovascular bundle in which the phloëm and xylem are arranged in alternating radii. Compare closed, collateral, and concen tric bundle, under bundle. The last form is the radial , where the bundles of phloem and xylem are arranged alternately in the central fibro-vascular axis. Encyc . Brit ., XII. 18. Radial cells, in entom . , same as post costal cellules (which see, under post costal ). - Radial curve, in geom ., a curve most conveniently expre ed by means of the radius vector as one coördinate: spirals and the quadratrix of Dino stratus are radial curves . -Radial drilling-machine. See drilling-machine. - Radial fibers of the retina. See sus tentacular fibers , under sustentacular .-Radial formula, the expre ion of the number of rays in the fins of a fish by the initial letters of the names of the fins and the numbers of their rays: thus, the radial formula for the yellow perch is D, XIII. + I. 14; A, II. + 7; P, 15; V, I. 5-where the Roman numerals are the spines and the Arabic the rays of the dorsal, anal, pectoral, and ventral fins respectively. -Radial nerve. See nerve. - Radial-piston waterwheel. See water - wheel . Radial plates, in crinoids, the set or system of plates which includes the joints of the stem, arms and pinnules, the cent rod or sal plate, and the radial plate proper: distinguished from per i somatic plates . -Radial recurrent artery, a branch of the radial artery, given off near its origin, that turns backward to join in the anastomosis about the elbow. - Radial symmetry. See symmetry.-Radial vein. See marginal vein , under mar ginal. II. n . A radiating or radial part; a ray. Specifically, in an at . and zool .: (a) A radiale. (0) In ichth ., the radius or hyper coracoid (a bone). (c) One of the joints of the branches of a crinoid, between the brachials and the basals; one of the joints of the second order, or of a division of the basals. See cut under Crinoidea . The two radials [of a crinoid] on either side of the largQuart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XLV. 150. manner. est basal. are broader than the other two. Shelley , Adonais, lii. Thus we have (3) Theory of radiance . J. Clerk Maxwell , in Encyc. Brit., XIX. 2. =Syn. 1. Radiance, Brilliance, Brilliancy, Effulgence, Reful gence, Splendor, Luster. These words agree in representing the shooting out of rays or beams in an impre ive way. Radiance is the most steady; it is generally a light that is agreeable to the eyes; hence the word is often chosen for corresponding figurative expre ions: as, the radiance of his cheerfulne ; the radiance of the gospel. Erilliance represents a light that is strong, often too strong to be agreeable, and marked by variation or play and penetration: as, the brilliance of a diamond or of fireworks. Hence, figuratively, the brilliancy of the scene at a wedding; the radiance of humor, the brilliancy of wit. Brilliance is more often literal, brilliancy figurative. Effulgence is a splendid light, seeming to fill to overflowing every place where it is a strong, flooding, but not nece arily intense or painful light: as, the effulgence of the noonday sun; the effulgence of the attributes of God. Hence a courtier might by figure speak of the effulgence of Queen Elizabeth's beauty. Reful gence is often the same as effulgence, but sometimes weaker. Splendor, which is more often used figuratively, is, when used literally, about the same as refulgence. Luster is the only one of these words which does not imply that the object gives forth light; luster may be used where the light is either emitted or reflected, but latterly more often reflected: as, the luster of silk. Luster is generally, like brilliance, a varying light, but it may be simply two or three degrees weaker than splendor. For comparison with glisten, glitter, etc., see glare, v. i. 'Twere all one That I should love a bright particular star And think to wed it, he is so above me. In his bright radiance and collateral light Must I be comforted. Shak ., All's Well, i. 1. 99. There is an appearance of brilliancy in the pleasures of high life which naturally dazzles the young. Craig . Effulgence of my glory, Son beloved. Milton , P. L., vi. 680. radiance Though they fell, they fell like stars, Streaming splendour through the sky. Montgomery , Battle of Alexandria. The smiling infant in his hand shall take The crested basilisk and speckled snake, Pleased the green lustre of the scales survey, And with their forky tongues shall innocently play. Pope , Me iah, 1. 82. [As radiance (see radiancy (rā'di-an-si), n. -cy).] Same as radiance . radiant (ra'di-ant), a. and n. [Early mod. E. radiaunt; Milton , Arcades, 1. 14. Ilis features radiant as the soul within. O. W. Holmes, Vestigia Quinque Retrorsum. 2. Giving out rays; proceeding in the form of rays; resembling rays; radiating; also, radiated; radiate: as, radiant heat. Jonas.. made him a shadowynge place for his defence agaynst the radyaunt heet of sonne in the syde of an hyll. Bp. Fisher, Seven Penitential Psalms, Ps. cxxx. The pa age of radiant heat, as such, through any medium does not heat it at all. W. L. Carpenter, Energy in Nature (1st ed.), p. 45. When this [radiation of fibers] takes place in an open cavity, producing brush-like forms, they are termed radiant . Encyc. Brit ., XVI. 370. Or, a Chief Radiant, Sable. 3. In her.: (a) Edged with rays: said of an ordinary or other bearing such as is usually bounded with straight lines, the rays generally appearing like long indentations. See ray1, 8. (b) Giving off rays, which do not form a broken or indented edge to the bearing, but stream from it, its outline being usually perfect and the rays apparently streaming from behind it.-4. In bot., radiating; radiate.Radiant energy. See energy. Radiant heat. See heat, 2.-Radiant matter, a phrase used by Crookes to describe a highly rarefied gas, or "ultra-gaseous matter," which is found to produce certain peculiar mechanical and luminous effects when a charge of high-potential electricity is pa ed through it. For example, in a vacuum-tube exhausted to one millionth of an atmosphere (a Crookes tube) the molecules of the gas present are projected from the negative pole in streams, and if they are made to strike against a delicately poised wheel they set it in motion; if on a piece of calcite, they make it phosphorescent, etc. - Radiant neuration, in entom., neuration characterized by a number of veins radiating outward from a small roundish areolet or cell in the disk of the wing, as in certain Diptera. Radiant point, in physics, the point from which rays of light or heat proceed. Also called radiating point. Radiant veins or nervures, in entom., veins or nervures radiating from a single small wing-cell. Syn. 1. Beaming, resplendent. See radiance. II. n. 1. In optics , a luminous point or object from which light radiates to the eye, or to a mirror or lens; a point considered as the focus of a pencil of rays.-2. In astron ., the point in the heavens from which the shooting stars of a meteoric shower seem to proceed: thus, the radiant of the shower of November 13th is near the star ( Leonis, and these meteors are hence called the Leonides . Similarly the meteors of November 27th (which are connected with Biela's comet, and are often called the Bielides ) have their radiant not far from y Andromedæ, and are also known as the And rome des or Andro med ids . radiantly (ra'di-ant-li), adv. 1. With radiant or beaming brightne ; with glittering splendor.-2. By radiation; in the manner of rays; rad i a tingly. [Rare.] Healthy human actions should spring radiantly (like rays) from some single heart motive. Ruskin, Elements of Drawing, iii. Radiariat (ra-di-a'ri-ä), n. pl. [NL., neut. pl. of radiarius, radiate: see radiary.] 1. In Lamarck's cla ification (1801-12), a cla of animals, divided into the orders Mollia, or acalephs, and Echinoderm a (the latter including the Actiniæ ).-2. In Owen's cla ification (1855), a sub province of the province Radiata, containing the five cla es Echinoderm at a, Bryozoa, Anthozoa, Acalephæ, and Hydrozoa. 3. In H. Milne-Edwards's cla ification (1855), the first subbranch of Zoöphytes (contrasted with Sarcodaria ), containing the three cla es of echinoderms, acalephs, and corals or polyps. radiarył (ra'di-a-ri), a. and n. [= F. radiaire, 4932 Radiata (rā-di-ā'tä), n. pl. [NL., neut. pl. of L. radiatus, radiate: see radiate, a.] 1. In Cuvier's system of cla ification, the fourth grand branch of the animal kingdom, containing "the radiated animals or zoöphytes." It was divided into five cla es: (1) Echinoderm at a; (2) En tozoa, or intestinal worms; (3) Acaleph a, or sea-nettles; (4) Polypi; (5) Infusoria: thus a mere waste-basket for animals not elsewhere located to Cuvier's satisfaction. It was accepted and advocated by L. Aga iz after its restriction to the echinoderms, acalephs, and polyps, in which sense it was very generally adopted for many years. But the group has now been abolished, and its components are widely distributed in other phyla and cla es of the animal kingdom, as Protozoa, Cælentera, Echinoder mat a, and Vermes. The lower groups of which he [Cuvier] knew least, and which he threw into one great heterogeneous a emblage, the Radiata , have been altogether remodelled and rearranged. Whatever form the cla ification of the Animal Kingdom may eventually take, the Cuvierian Ra diata is, in my judgment, effectually abolished. Huxley , Cla ification (1869), p. 86. 2. In later cla ifications, with various limitations and restrictions of sense 1. (a) The old Radiata without the Infusoria. (b) Same as Echinoder mat a proper; Ambulacra ria (which see) without the genus Bal a no glo us. Metschnikoff. (c) In Owen's system (1855), one of four provinces of the animal kingdom, divided into Radiaria, Entozoa (cælelminths and sterelminths), and Infusoria (the latter containing Rotifer a and Poly gas tri a ). radiate (ra'di-āt), v.; pret. and pp. radiated, ppr. radiating. [L. radiatus, pp. of radiare, furnish with spokes, give out rays, radiate, shine (> It. radiare, ragg i are = Sp. Pg. radiar = F. radier, radiate, shine), our eyes. Light... radiates from luminous bodies directly to Locke, Elem. of Nat. Phil., xi. But it [the wood] is traversed by plates of parenchyma, or cellular ti ue of the same nature as the pith, which radiate from that to the bark. A. Gray, Structural Botany, p. 74. When the light diminishes, as in twilight, the circular fibers relax, the previously stretched radiating fibers contract by elasticity, and enlarge the pupil. Le Conte, Sight, p. 39. 2. To emit rays; be radiant: as, a radiating body.-3. To spread in all directions from a central source or cause; proceed outward as from a focus to all acce ible points. The moral law lies at the center of nature, and radiates to the circumference. Emerson , Nature, p. 51. Enjoyment radiates. It is of no use to try and take care of all the world; that is being taken care of when you feel delight in art or in anything else. George Eliot , Middle march, xxii. II. trans. 1. To emit or send out in direct lines, as from a point or focus; hence, to cause to proceed or diverge in all directions, as from a source or cause; communicate by direct emanation: as, the sun radiates heat and light. Donatello The Wonder. seemed to radiate jollity out of his whole Hawthorne, Marble Faun, x. nimble person. vitality into a statue of ice. . looked full enough of life to radiate O. W. Holmes, A Mortal Antipathy, vi. Mountain tops gather clouds around them for the same reason: they cool themselves by radiating their heat, through the dry superincumbent air, into space. R. J. Mann , in Modern Meteorology, p. 23. 2. To furnish with rays; cause to have or to consist of rays; make radial. Elsewhere, a brilliant radiated formation was conspicuous, spreading, at four opposite points, into four vast luminous expansions, compared to feather-glumes, or aigrettes. ative ).